MIDTERM COVERAGE
Efficient integration of many different types of applications
Advantage of IOAI
It is consistent with the "baby step" approach most enterprises find comfortable when implementing solutions to integration problems.
Advantage of Web Services
Allows reusability of applications
Advantages of SOAI
Modeling Monitoring Optimization Abstraction
Advantages of a common process model: BPIOAI
interfaces that developers expose from packaged or custom applications to gain access to various levels or services of those applications.
Application
Competitive advantage • Ability to do business faster • Satisfy customer on demand
Application Integration
Subroutines or methods in applications • Something you invoke to make something happen Remote services that produces or consumes information Application services are composed together to provide composite applications made up of local and remote application services • Allows remote services to be invoked as if it is local service
Application Service
the exchange of information between two or more systems without visibility into internal processes
Application integration
Processing a customer request. Manufacturing an automobile. Delivering a product to a customer. Processing a financial transaction
Application of BPOAI
Provide middle layer between back-end applications, databases, and the web server • Communicates with both the web server and the resource server using transaction-oriented application development
Application servers
are a good choice for enterprise, funneling information from the connected back-end enterprise systems.
Application servers
Refers to those architectures where web services are so tightly coupled that they appear as a single application Binding applications together, inter and intra company, into a single, unified whole.
Autonomous-distributed
Binds disparate processes and create process-to-process solutions
BPIOAI
I provides another layer of control over IOAI and SOAI.
BPIOAI
Idea is to provide single logical model that spans many applications and data stores.
BPIOAI
independent of the source and target applications.
BPIOAI
leads with a process model, moves information between applications, and invokes internal application services in support of that model.
BPIOAI
manages the movement of information and the sharing of common process models between trading partners and internal systems, using business-oriented semantics, control logic, exception handling, and the ability to monitor the processes in real time.
BPIOAI
Supports information and control logic flow Automates tasks performed by humans
BPIOAI Advantages
Focuses on process flow and integration of processes only - Not on user interface, updating databases or executing a transaction
BPIOAI Disadvantages
The Business Process Modeling Language (BPML) is a metalanguage for the modeling of business processes, just as XML is a meta-language for the modeling of business data.
BPML
Enterprise applications existing either within a single enterprise or across many enterprises • Example: ERP systems
Back-end applications
Physical Model generation
Building the Enterprise Metadata
This model will be used as master guide for integrating the various information stores that exists within the enterprise.
Building the Enterprise Metadata
To provide control mechanism of sorts that defines and executes the movement of information and the invocation of processes that span many systems.
Business Process Integration oriented Application Integration
controls the execution of the multistep business process and maintains state and the interactions with the middleware, which in turn, interacts with any number of source or target systems.
Business process engine
allows other applications to access the business process engine.
Business process engine interface
allows end users to monitor and control the execution of a business process in real time and optimize where needed
Business process monitoring interface
Logical model generation
Catalog the Data
Perform the process of gathering metadata and other data throughout the problem domain.
Catalog the Data
"Act or state of sticking together" or "the logical agreement"
Cohesion
Applications and databases are independent of each other
Cohesion
Provides flexibility to integration
Cohesion
Web Clients, Database servers, Web servers, Back-end applications, Application servers
Components of Portal Architecture
Refers to those architectures that require many application services to aggregate into a single instance of an application.
Composite
Bind applications together in such a way that they are dependent on each other, sharing the same methods, interfaces, and perhaps data Needs extensive changes in applications If source or target system changes, corresponding changes required in coupled systems as well
Coupling
The advantage of using this software is that it can bind many different data types into a unified model that supports information exchange.
Data Federation
The integration of multiple databases and database models into a single, unified view of the databases.
Data Federation
virtual enterprise databases that are comprised of many real, physical databases.
Data Federation
simply moving data between two or more databases. These databases can come from the same vendor, or from many vendors.
Data Replication
Natural points of integration Provide the best interface into source and target applications exchanging information. Typically: • native Structured Query Language (SQL) • Call-Level Interface (CLI) such as Java Database Connectivity (JDBC
Database
produce and consume information through interfaces they provide.
Database
Respond to requests and return information
Database servers
Business runs within and between computers • Everything automated • Customers expect instantaneous access to information
Digital economy
- Designers need to know all integrated systems in detail There is little regard for business logic and methods within the source or target systems logic and methods that may be relevant to a particular integration effort.
Disadvantage of IOAI
With serviced-based integration is that this makes it necessary to change the source and target applications or worse, in a number of instances, to create a new application (a composite application)
Disadvantage of Web Services
Need to change application logic High cost for implementation
Disadvantages of SOAI
you may not be able to queue up information. Use it or lose it
Embedded Device
Extending multiple-enterprise system portal to include systems that exist within many companies.
Enterprise Portals
Refers to those architectures that deal more with information movement than application service aggregation. Data moves from system to system in support of a particular business transaction, but there is also a requirement to access application services.
Event-driven
An automobile parts supplier that would like to begin selling parts to retail stores (B2B) using a portal. Entire enterprises that are integrated with a single portal application.
Example by POAI
where the business model is created and behavior defined.
Graphic modeling tool
The Data Dictionary, Integrity Issues, Data Latency (real time, near time, one time). Data Structure
Identify the data
Integration of business applications into a BPIOAI solution requires the removal of flow dependency from the application. Implementing BPIOAI solutions is similar in function to traditional business process reengineering (BPR) solutions.
Implementing BPIOAI
Integration of two or more systems by allowing simple exchanges of data between applications - Connecting databases - Deals with simple exchanges of data between two or more applications - Migrates data from source database to target database
Information- oriented Application Integration
connects the source and target systems to the BPIOIA technology
Integration technology
use well-defined application interfaces to focus on the integration of both packaged and custom applications.
Interface Processing
exist at the intracompany level, allowing the business user to define common processes that span only systems that are within the enterprise and not visible to the trading partners or to community-wide processes.
Internal processes
Responsible for moving information between all connected applications
Messaging service
drives a user interface in order to access information.
Middleware
Extending single-system portal architecture to multiple enterprise systems • Application server architecture Users are able to extract information from these systems and update them through a single web browser interface accessed over an extranet or over the web
Multiple-Enterprise-System Portals
Integrate all disparate systems with a minimum impact on the applications and way of doing business • Adjustable to business needs • Quick deployment • Handle most business events electronically and in real time
Next generation integration
Single-System Portals, Multiple-Enterprise-System Portals, Enterprise Portals
PORTAL CATEGORIES
It supports a true noninvasive approach, allowing other organizations to interact with a company's internal systems through a controlled interface accessible over the Web. It is typically much faster to implement than realtime information exchange with back-end systems, such as the data-, service-, and application interface-oriented approaches. Its enabling technology is mature, and you can learn from many examples of POAI that exist.
Portal Power Advantages
Information does not flow in real time and so requires human interaction. Information must be abstracted, most typically, through another application logic layer (e.g., an application server). Security is a significant concern when enterprise data is being extended to users over the Web.
Portal Power Disadvantages
Allows viewing a multitude of systems (both internal and external enterprise systems) through a single user interface or application • Most often using web browser • Avoids back-end integration altogether have become the primary mechanism by to accomplish application integration.
Portal- oriented application integration
Integrates applications through single user interface or application
Portal- oriented application integration
Information movement is defined here • Components of models are -The common process model -Real entities, such as companies, organizations, or people -The source and target systems
Process modeling
A process-oriented standard created for the technology industry that defines a set of high-level business process flows called Partner Interface Processes (PIPs), which are exchanged and managed between trading partners.
RosettaNet
Accessing screen information through a programmatic mechanism
Screen scraping
Allows enterprises to share common application services as well as information. Provides mechanism to bind applications together at service level. The goal is to leverage power of Internet to provide access to remote application services through well-defined interface and directory services Web services is the technology to realize above goal - Web services is the future of application integration
Service-oriented Application Integration
Integrates applications by allowing them to share common business logic or methods.
Service-oriented Application Integration
Provides mechanisms to create composite applications, leveraging services found in many remote systems.
Service-oriented Application Integration
exist between companies and consist of a set of agreed-upon procedures for exchanging information and automating business processes within a community.
Shared processes
have their user interfaces extended to the web Approaches: • application servers • page servers • technology for translating simple screens to HTML
Single-System Portals
created for a special requirement, such as collaboration on a common product development effort that only exists between two companies and has a limited life span.
Specialized processes
Information movement and formatting occurs here Routing allows relevant information to be extracted from any source application, target application, or data store
Transformation, routing and rules
One of many techniques and technologies that can be used to access, or place, information in an application.
User Interface
PC or any device that runs a web browser and is capable of displaying HTML and graphics
Web Clients
collection of open protocols and standards used for exchanging data between applications or systems.
Web Services
Web servers, at their core, are file servers. • They respond to requests from web clients, then send the requested file • Double duty • Serve file content to web clients • Perform rudimentary application processing
Web servers
When two or more companies need to share common program logic. When two or more companies want to share the development costs and the value of a common application. When the problem domain is small and specialized, and is able to collaborate on a common application that all companies share.
When to Leverage SOAI
is a joint venture between the United Nations Body for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business and the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS), which are developing a framework for using XML to exchange business data with visibility into common processes.
ebXML (Electronic Business Extensible Markup Language)
advantages of database replication
simplicity and low cost.