midterm exam

The invention of the radio, telegraph, and television are indicators of what era?

Audiovisual

Which of the following defines impromptu delivery?

Delivering a speech with little to no time to prepare

____ refers to definitions that are accepted by the language group as a whole, or the dictionary definition of a word

Denotation

An effective practice session should include which of these ideas?

Practice your speech out loud and exactly how you want it to sound.

When using a PowerPoint presentation with your speech, you should be sure to:

Use no more than two slides for each main point.

Term of "Style" in Rhetoric?

Use of language

Which of the following is true for using statistics as a credibility-builder in a speech?

Use statistics that defy the audience's expectations.

This language is a good means of asking a favor, trying to not someone's feelings, or avoiding an uncomfortable topic

abstract

______ refers to the process of pairing outwardly visible positive listening behaviors with positive cognitive listening practices

active listening

______ refer(s) to related communication structures that come on-after-the- other in an interaction

adjacency pairs

____ language refers to language used to express a person's feelings and create similar feelings in another person

affective

The clarity of sounds and words we produce is known as _____.

articulation

____ is a planned attempt to secretly listen to a conversation, which is a violation of the speakers' privacy

eavesdropping

The most challenging form of listening is _______

empathetic

Which of the following can make a speech content and delivery more conversational?

extemporaneous delivery

____ helps establish credibility, hold the attention of audience, and encourage them to reciprocate to show that they are paying attention.

eye contact

____ refer(s) to movements that help convey emotions and demonstrate enthusiasm during a speech.

facial expressions

In order to competently engage with social media, you should:

familiarize yourself with the privacy settings of social networks.

In the interaction model of communication, _____

feedback is incorporated

Expressing ____ is more complicated than other forms of verbal expressions.

feelings

When you work to narrow your topic range for your speech, you are ______.

brainstorming

Increasing outsourcing and globalization have produced a heightened need for ______.

code-switching

______ are culturally agreed upon and ever- changing systems of symbols that help us organize, understand, and generate meaning

codes

Emotion or experience based associations with a word refer to a ______ definition.

connotative

_____consists of comments that are specific and descriptive enough for the receiver to apply them for the purposes of self-improvement.

constructive criticism

______ message appear to be observations, but with underlying messages that are better brought to the surface.

contaminated

Listeners who listen to complex information and evaluate it, often from multiple perspectives, before drawing conclusions are known as ____.

content-oriented listerners

In the transmission model of communication,

focus is more on the linear process of the sender and message

A(n) _____ includes the speech title, introduction, conclusion, main content, supporting materials, citations, references, general and specific purposes, and thesis statement.

formal outline

_____ refers to the overarching purpose of your speech, which will be to inform, to persuade, or to entertain.

general purpose

______ is the most common form of communication that occurs between people whose lives mutually influence one another

interpersonal

______ is a practice that acknowledges overlapping identities, both privileged and disadvantaged, and implicates ourselves in social hierarchies and inequalities.

intersectional reflexivity

Unlike other forms of communication, ________ communication need not be perceived by someone else to count as communication

intrapersonal

Encoding

involves turning thoughts into communication

A thesis statement of a speech is different from its specific purpose in that the thesis statement is content centered and _____.

is part of the spoken portion of your speech

which of the following is true about compliance gaining research?

it focuses on everyday interpersonal interactions

self-centered and self-absorbed listeners who try to make the interaction about them are known as ____.

narcissistic listeners

Expressing ____ allows us to most effectively communicate to get things done.

needs

Newly use or coined words to our language are called _____

neologisms

_____ are movements caused by anxiety and can definitely detract from a speaker's message and credibility.

nonverbal adaptors

____ context includes the mental and emotional factors in a communication encounter

psychological

The most rigorous form of review to ensure that the information being published has been vetted and approved by numerous experts on the subject is _____.

peer-review process

In the transaction model of communication, _____

people communicate to create relationships

Of all the vocal components of delivery, _____ most often gives beginning speakers the most difficulty.

pitch

_____ refers to how high or low your voice is.

pitch

Language that exaggerates differences and overgeneralizes can create conflict; this language is called ______.

polarizing

This is a model of communication that indicates the indirect relationship between the symbol and the referent

the triangle of meaning

Your _____ refers to a one-sentence summary of the central idea of your speech that you either explain or defend.

thesis statement

The difference between speech and ___ rate means we process other thoughts while listening to a message.

thought

The use of words in verbal communication helps develop and maintain relationships and how we use either "I language" or

"we language"

Which of the following is performed during the interpreting stage of listening?

Combine the visual and auditory information we receive

_____ refers to organizing a speech based on time or sequence.

chronological pattern

____ refers to the flow of your speaking.

Fluency

To improve listening competence at the "interpreting" stage of the listening process:

Identify the main points and supporting points

_____ refers to the use of evidence and arguments to think about things in new ways

Invention

which of the following is true about working memory?

It can temporarily store information

The beginning of the "_____ Era" marked the turn from oral to written culture

Manuscript

The end of the "____ Era" marked a shift toward a rapid increase in communication technologies

Manuscript

_____ refers to a five-step way to organize a speech in order to persuade the audience by making a topic relevant, using positive and/or negative motivation, and including a call to action.

Monroe's motivated sequence

______ are missing a relevant type of expression and can lead to misunderstanding and conflict

Partial messages

Which of the following is true of using posters during a speech?

Posters are often not good visual aids during a speech.

Which of these ideas is important when using visual aids and objects with your speech?

Practice with your visual aids and objects before delivering your speech.

This is the most consistently intentional, formal, and goal- oriented form of communication

Public

____ is used to asses listening abilities and effectiveness.

Recall

___ is the study of speaking well and persuasively

Rhetoric

Which of the following is a weakness of manuscript delivery?

Speakers find it challenging to engage the audience

Which of the following is a weakness of impromptu delivery?

Speakers may be tempted to overstate or mislead an audience

which of the following is not an indicator of a form of communication?

Technology

Which of the following statements is true in the context of language acquisition?

The pace of language acquisition reduces after the age of two

Which of the following presents the best use of manuscript delivery?

When a speech has complicated information or statistics

listeners who pay attention in order to attack the ideas, personality, or other characteristics of the speaker are known as _____.

aggressive listeners

Verbal cues like "uh-huh" "oh"

back - channel cues

an eyewitness testimony can be more reliable and less defensive by _____.

being more descriptive

A _____ refers to people who are required to attend your presentation.

captive audience

_____ refers to organizing a speech by setting up a relationship between ideas that shows a progression from origin to result or vice versa.

cause-effect pattern

which of the following denotes displacement?

communicating about things outside of our immediate surroundings and experience

_____ is a type of cognitive restructuring that encourages people to think of public speaking as a conversation rather than a performance.

communication-orientation modification therapy

Communication _____ refers to the knowledge of effective and appropriate communications patterns and the ability to use and adapt that knowledge in various contexts

competence

____ means a person makes his or her communication more like another person's

convergence

These are examples of _____ -listening skills: distinguishing between facts and inferences, evaluating supporting evidence, discovering your own biases, and listening beyond the message

critical

listening that entails the goal of analyzing or evaluating a message based on information presented verbally and information that can be inferred from context is termed as_____

critical listening

_____ are utterances that try to get another person to do something

directives

To improve listening competence at the receiving stage of the listening process:

discern between intentional messages and noise

_____ entails listening with the goal of scanning and monitoring our surroundings in order to isolate particular auditory or visual stimuli

discriminative listening

Using the expression "He is visually impaired" instead of "He is blind" is an example of a(n)______

euphemism

The key to effective self-evaluation for improving communication competence is to_______

evaluate yourself within the context of the task or assignment guidelines

To recognize your own biases and how you your perceptual filters can create barriers to effective listening is part of which stage?

evaluating

_____ needs help us establish how we present ourselves to others and their perception of us

identity

_____ are extended examples which can be effective in introductions or conclusions of a speech to get the audience's attention or leave a lasting impression.

illustrations

_____ evokes higher degrees of speaking anxiety than other speech delivery types.

impromptu delivery

Which of these is not a good idea when conducting an interview?

improvise and do not research your topic

_____ is a common barrier to effective listening with a poorly presented message containing too much content

information overload

____ is common in teaching and learning contexts, and is not evaluative

informational listening

_____ are the needs that help us get things done in our day to day lives and achieve short- and long- term goals.

instrumental needs

An approach to learning that encourages students to reflect on how the content they are learning connects to their professional goals and prepares them to become active and responsible citizens is known as _____ learning.

integrative

which phrase best describes phatic communion?

interactions to establish social bonds

group communication

it is task focused and has an explicit goal for members

The learned process of receiving, interpreting, recalling, evaluating, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages is known as _____.

listening

When we can't interpret information, it is difficult to store it in our______

long-term memory

The division of the body of a speech that has a central idea, meets some part of the specific purpose, and includes supporting material from research related to the thesis is known as the _____.

main point

_____ is the most time-consuming method of delivering speeches.

memorized delivery

In communication models, the _____ refers to the verbal or nonverbal content being conveyed from sender to receiver

message

The phrase "you are the sunshine of my life" exemplifies a _____

metaphor

which of the following is not verbal tactic that can lead to feelings of defensiveness?

metaphors

Words that have a straightforward denotation are considered ______.

monosemic

_____ is a cognitive restructuring strategy that addresses public speaking anxiety by forming a mental image of success as a speaker rather than focusing on negative thoughts.

positive visualization

The _____ would be to present your best information first in order to make a positive impression and engage your audience early in your speech.

primacy effect

For college-level research, it's important to use ______ rather than general reference materials.

primary sources

_______ is/are information that your audience can relate to based on the shared and relevant geography.

proxemic information

_____ is "fake listening" in that people behave like they are paying attention and listening when they actually are not.

pseudo-listening

_____ refers to how fast or slow you speak.

rate

____ is a form of distorted listening through which may edit the information to something that better suits our own beliefs

rationalization

The part of the listening process is more physiological than other parts is the _____ stage

receiving

One technique to reduce anxiety while delivering a speech is to _____.

remember that it always feels worse than it looks

Three ways to become a better listener during active listening are covert coaching, covert questioning and ____.

self- reinforcement

_____ in a speech are most often used as the preview statement, transition between introduction and body, transitions between main points, transition from body to conclusion, and review statement.

signposts

"The Duke's moustache was rising and falling like seaweed on an ebb-tide" typifies a______

simile

A keyword and phrase summary that helps a speaker deliver a speech is known as the

speaking outline

_____ refers to a one-sentence statement that includes the objective you want to accomplish in your speech.

specific purpose

_____ provide evidence or support for a main idea or thesis.

subordinate points

A _____ symbol is something that stands in for represents something else

symbol

_____ refers to the fact that we become less anxious about something when we experience it more often.

systematic desensitization

_____ refers to organizing a speech by logically dividing a large topic or idea into smaller topics or ideas.

topical pattern

Which of the following strategies can help in making your messages more listenable?

use personal pronouns

Thoughts are connected to our beliefs, attitudes, and to our ______.

values

____ refers to variations in rate, volume, and pitch that make a speech more engaging.

vocal variety