MIDTERM Questions CH 4

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear?

2

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________.

An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.

What occurs during stage 1 sleep?

Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.

Which of the following is an example of wakefulness?

Jemma, competing in a marathon

Which theorist suggested that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness?

John Hobson

Which of the following statements about sleep-wake cycles is false?

Melatonin initiates the waking cycle.

Ahmet is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Ahmet is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

REM

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?

Rosalind Cartwright

Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content?

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false?

Sleep deprivation often results in ADHD.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The consequences of sleep debt include increased levels of alertness and mental efficiency."

The word "increased" should be changed to the word "decreased."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A theta wave is a very high amplitude pattern of brain activity that may in some cases occur in response to environmental stimuli."

The words "theta wave" should be changed to the phrase "K-complex."

The ________ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep.

alpha

Shyla experiences a long delay between the time that she goes to bed and the time that she actually falls asleep. In addition, she wakes up several times during the night and has difficulty getting back to sleep. To diagnose Shyla with insomnia, it is necessary that she experiences these symptoms________.

at least three nights a week for one month

Sleep apnea is defined by ________.

episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?

evolutionary

The sleep debt is the result of ________.

insufficient sleep on a chronic basis

Mona lives in North Carolina. She takes an overnight flight to California to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________.

jet lag

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?

kicking and punching while asleep

Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content.

latent

A theta wave is a type of ________.

low frequency, low amplitude brain wave

In a ________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content.

lucid

Nancy is aware that she is dreaming when she has a nightmare, so she concentrates and changes her dream from bad to good. This is a good example of ________ dreaming.

lucid

Isla is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content.

manifest

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________.

narcolepsy

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.

narcolepsy

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?

night terrors

NREM sleep is a period of sleep ________.

outside periods of REM sleep

________ is one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role.

parasomnia

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.

parasomnias

Uncomfortable sensations in the leg during periods of inactivity are a symptom of ________ leg syndrome.

restless

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?

sleep

Sleepwalking is also referred to as ________.

somnambulism

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.

suffers from chronic sleep deprivation