Midterm

Because not everybody's needs are the same, some organizations let employees pick and choose the benefits they want. This is known as a:

Cafeteria style benefit plan.

The use of direct supervision as a control mechanism:

Can demotivate subordinates.

Which of the following posits that when founders hire employees for their new ventures, they tend to choose employees whose personalities are similar to their own?

. ASA framework

Which of the following is an example of an instrumental value

. Capability

A manager who is self-reliant and self-sufficient is expressing which type of instrumental value?

. Independence

Kenneth is interviewing a group of equally qualified employees for his new retail outlet. According to the ASA framework, he is most likely to hire an individual who has:

. a personality similar to his own.

A. positive affectivity.

. agreeableness.

A manager's personal conviction about ways of behaving is an example of:

. an instrumental value

An intense, relatively short-lived feeling is called a(n):

. emotion.

CEO's of major companies often exhibit

. high conscientiousness

) Ross is a senior accountant in an audit firm. He is always angry and keeps complaining about the quality of work he receives, the pressures imposed by his superiors, the culture of the organization, and his inability to handle stress. Ross scores

. high on negative affectivity

Grace believes that she is competent, deserving, and capable of handling most difficult situations. Grace has:

. high self-esteem.

The collection of feelings and beliefs that a manager has about his current position is referred to as:

. job satisfaction

Family and Medical Leave Act requires that employers provide ______ of unpaid leave for medical and family reasons.

12 weeks.

In the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), what percentage of the tariffs on the goods traded between Mexico, Canada, and the United States were to be abolished by the year 2004?

30 percent

Which of the following specifically refers to a performance appraisal by peers, subordinates, supervisors, and sometimes even clients?

360-degree appraisal

In order to improve performance and motivation, Scott's performance is evaluated not only by his direct manager, but also by his customers, subordinates, and peers. What type of performance evaluation did Scott's manager use?

360-degree appraisal.

A real-estate agent who is paid on the basis of a percentage of the sale price of a home is said to be paid on:

A commission basis.

Which of the following is least likely to be a first-line manager

A foreman in an auto assembly plant

The process of identifying the tasks, duties, and responsibilities that make up a job and the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to perform the job is known as:

A job analysis.

A worker who is paid on the basis of the number of computer components produced per day is said to be paid on:

A piece-rate basis.

For most people, pay is considered to be:

A positive reinforcer.

For most people, praise from their superior is considered to be:

A positive reinforcer.

When managers present a job applicant with a situation that is likely to occur on the job and ask the applicant what he or she would do in such a situation, this is known as:

A situational interview.

Many researchers believe that the highest-performing organizations are those that are constantly:

Changing.

______ leaders are excited and enthusiastic about their vision and clearly communicate it to their subordinates.

Charismatic.

Which of the following is imposed on workers within the organization by the shared values, norms, standards of behavior, and expectations?

Clan control

The type of control that is imposed on workers within the organization by the shared values and standards of behavior for workers within that organization is known as:

Clan control.

Which of the following would NOT directly affect the level of job satisfaction in a country?

Climate

Which of the following types of managerial power is used to punish subordinates?

Coercive power

Stacy has the power to fire Jan for violating the company's sexual harassment policy. Stacy has:

Coercive power.

_____ is negotiation between labor unions and managers to resolve conflicts and disputes about important issues such as working hours, wages, working conditions, and job security.

Collective bargaining

Negotiation between labor unions and managers to resolve conflicts and disputes about important issues such as working hours, wages, working conditions, and job security is called:

Collective bargaining.

Which of the following types of control systems do managers use at the conversion stage of transforming raw materials into finished goods?

Concurrent control

Which type of control do managers typically use at the conversion stage of transforming raw materials into finished goods?

Concurrent control.

Which type of financial ratio measures how well the managers of the organization are creating value from the organization's assets?

Activity ratio

Which of the following types of organizational cultures is strong and controls employee attitudes and behaviors?

Adaptive culture

An employee who is hard working and aspires to a higher level in the organization is expressing which type of instrumental value

Ambition

As a regional manager, Dwight is given an operating budget of $1 million for the coming year and is evaluated on the basis of the amount of paper the region can sell based on that budget. Dwight's performance will be evaluated on:

An expense budget approach.

Which type of behavior is a leader portraying when he/she expresses substantial levels of trust toward a subordinate?

Consideration

The U.S. government imposes a 25 percent tax on the selling price of any four-wheel-drive SUV that is brought into the U.S. by a foreign car manufacturer to be sold in the U.S. What type of tax does this action represent?

An import tariff

The first step managers must take to manage change effectively is:

Assess the need to change.

What can a manager do to discourage social loafing in a group?

Assign specific tasks to group members and hold them accountable for their performance

When a leader shows trust for a subordinate, this is known as which type of behavior?

Consideration.

_____ leadership theories propose that the effectiveness of a leader depends on the situation the leader faces.

Contingency model

Leadership theories that propose that the effectiveness of a leader depends on the situation in which the leader finds herself are known as:

Contingency models.

Which of the following is the process by which managers monitor and regulate how efficiently and effectively an organization and its members are performing the activities necessary to achieve organizational goals?

Controlling

The process by which managers monitor and regulate the efficiency and effectiveness of the workers in an organization is called:

Controlling.

Which of the following plans of an organization contains top management's decisions about the organization's mission, goals, strategy, and structure?

Corporate-level plan

Which type of financial ratio is computed by dividing the organization's current assets by its current liabilities?

Current ratio.

An organization requires all job applicants to complete an application that asks them to list their college degrees. On which aspect of the HRM process is this organization focusing?

Background information.

Julia perceives that she is working harder and being paid less than a number of her coworkers. Julia is likely to:

Be absent more.

Compared to men, women tend to:

Be more participative.

Management by objectives is a mechanism of control for which of the following types of organizational control systems?

Behavior control

Which of the following processes involves comparing one company's performance on specific dimensions with the performance of high-performing organizations to decide how successful a change effort has been?

Benchmarking

What need(s) has (have) research found to be assets for first-line and middle managers to possess?

Both power and achievement.

In the administrative model of decision making, when the number of possible alternatives to a decision is so large that the manager cannot possibly evaluate all of them before making a decision, which of the following has occurred?

Bounded rationality

A group of managers meets face-to-face and generates and debates a wide variety of alternatives from which to make a decision. What is this process of decision making called?

Brainstorming

Which of the following types of control systems uses rules and SOPs to regulate the behavior of workers within the organization?

Bureaucratic control system

When managers estimate the qualifications and numbers of employees an organization will need given its goals and strategies, they are engaged in:

Demand forecasting.

Katy, an executive at Brennan's Department store, finds that the median age of the population in the chain's region is increasing by about 2 years every decade. This is an example of which type of force in the environment?

Demographic

A manager goes out of his way to give subordinates opportunities to increase their skills and capabilities. This manager is engaged in:

Developmental consideration.

When a member of the group fails to act consistently with a group norm, which of the following has occurred?

Deviance

_____ is a critical analysis of a preferred alternative to ascertain its strengths and weaknesses before it is implemented. The purpose is to identify all the reasons that might make the preferred alternative unacceptable after all.

Devil's advocacy

An organization attempts to succeed by distinguishing its products from those of the competition. Which of the following strategies is the organization using?

Differentiation strategy

What is the most immediate and potent form of behavior control?

Direct supervision.

Which of the following is a major problem that self-managed work teams can encounter?

Disciplining team members

When PepsiCo purchased Frito-Lay and expanded its operations into the snack-food business, which of the following strategies did is pursue?

Diversification

Janet is appreciated by her colleagues for her ability to understand the moods and emotions of people around her. She is also able to cope with feelings of stress and anxiety that she feels occasionally because she clearly understands her own personality. Which of the following is being described here?

Emotional intelligence

_____ involves giving employees more authority and responsibility over the way they perform their work activities.

Empowerment

Ford Motor Co. gives assembly-line workers the authority to shut down the production line whenever they believe that there is a quality defect in the production process. This would be an example of what type of transfer of authority to these workers?

Empowerment.

In the U.S., which of the following laws requires male and female employees to be paid equally if they perform "equal work?"

Equal Pay Act.

According to which of the following theory, outcomes such as pay should be distributed in proportion to inputs

Equity Theory

Which of the following theory focuses on the perceptions of workers of the fairness of their work outcomes relative to their work inputs?

Equity Theory

Which of the following theories focuses on the perceptions of workers of the fairness of their work outcomes relative to their work inputs?

Equity theory

The theory of motivation that focuses on the people's perceptions of the fairness of their work outcomes relative to their work inputs is known as:

Equity theory.

What type of change is gradual, incremental, and narrowly focused?

Evolutionary.

Which of the following theory postulates that motivation of employees will be high when employees believe that a high level of effort on their part will lead to high performance on their part, but only when they believe that high performance leads to their attainment of outcomes which they desire?

Expectancy Theory

Which of the following theories postulates that motivation of employees will be high when employees believe that a high level of effort will lead to high performance, but only when they believe that high performance leads to the attainment of outcomes that they desire?

Expectancy theory

Path-goal theory is based on:

Expectancy theory.

An employee's perception about the extent to which her effort will result in a given level of her performance is known as:

Expectancy.

Which of the following personal characteristics is not a managerial characteristic that is included in the trait model of leadership?

Experience.

Which type of power is based on the specialized knowledge and skills of the leader?

Expert power

Which type of power is based on the specialized knowledge and skills of the leader?

Expert power.

Which of the following is the least complex global operation?

Exporting

Steve is a broker at a large financial company and gets his motivation from the commission on his sales. Steve is:

Extrinsically motivated.

Which of the following media of communication has the highest information richness?

Face-to-face communication

According to Michael Porter's five forces model, the more that companies compete against one another for customers, the higher is the level of industry profits. (T or F)

False

According to Michael Porter's theory, it is possible for managers to pursue both a low-cost strategy and a differentiation strategy at the same time. (T or F)

False

According to Senge's concept of the learning organization, team learning is less important than individual learning when trying to increase organizational learning. (T or F)

False

According to contingency theory, there can be only one best way to design an organization's structure. (T or F)

False

All teams are groups and all groups are teams. (T or F)

False

The last step in the planning process is to determine an organization's mission and goals. (T or F)

False

The use of bureaucratic control in an organization typically enhances creativity and learning. (T or F)

False

Top-down change is more gradual and evolutionary than a bottom-up change. (T or F)

False

While conducting a SWOT analysis, the strengths and weaknesses are considered the external environment factors affecting an organization. (T or F)

False

In which of the following stages of the communication process do the sender and receiver reverse their roles?

Feedback

In which stage of the communication process is a common understanding reached between the participants?

Feedback

What type of control do managers use at the output stage?

Feedback control

Which type of control do managers typically use in the input stage of the process of transforming raw materials into finished goods?

Feedforward control

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, if an individual becomes frustrated at a certain level of need, the person will then:

Focus more on satisfying a lower level.

Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of group development?

Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

Madison Hotels sells a foreign organization the rights to use its brand name and operating know-how in return for a lump-sum payment and a share of the profits. This is an example of which mode of international expansion?

Franchising

Which of the following organizational strategies specifies the activities of managers at the departmental level of the organization?

Functional-level strategy

Which of the following is NOT a building block of competitive advantage?

Functionality

Which theory focuses on motivating workers to contribute their inputs to their jobs and organizations in a way similar to expectancy theory and equity theory?

Goal-setting theory.

A group of managers works very hard to be sure that they agree on important issues instead of working toward an accurate assessment of the situation. Which of the following best describes this scenario?

Groupthink

The theory that distinguishes between needs related to the work itself from those related to the context of the work is:

Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory.

John works as an associate manager in a consulting firm. He is liked by most of the employees because he is open, empathetic to their problems, and very friendly. Which of the following best describes John's personality?

High on extraversion

The contingency model that focuses on how managers motivate subordinates by identifying their desired outcomes, rewarding them for high performance, and the attainment of work goals with these desired outcomes is:

House's path-goal theory.

Which of the following leads to values and norms that fail to motivate or inspire employees, which eventually leads to stagnation and often failure over time?

Inert culture

The final step in the control process is to:

Initiate corrective action.

Martha takes a lot of effort to motivate her subordinates to perform at their highest level. Martha is exercising which type of behavior?

Initiating structure.

Sandy announces at the morning staff meeting, that any sales member that exceeds a 15% increase in sales will receive a 15% commission. Sandy is promoting:

Instrumentality.

When managers attempt to fill open positions with workers who are already working for the organization in some other capacity, they are engaging in:

Internal recruiting.

As a manager, Michael derives a sense of accomplishment and achievement from assisting his organization achieve its goals. Michael's motivation to perform is:

Intrinsic.

Which of the following accurately defines organization change?

It is the movement of an organization away from its present state and toward some desired future state to increase its efficiency and effectiveness.

in which type of inventory system do the parts arrive at the stage of the production process just when they are needed

JIT system

Edward Deming changed the competitive world after WWII by taking his Total Quality Management ideas to what country?

Japan

The tasks, duties, and responsibilities that make up a job are known as the:

Job description.

A manager increases the number of tasks that a subordinate has to do in order to make the job more interesting for the subordinate. Which of the following best describes this process?

Job enlargement

A manager redesigns the job of a subordinate so that the subordinate has more responsibility over his/her job. Which of the following best describes this process?

Job enrichment

According to Fiedler, the extent to which subordinates trust and are loyal to their superior is known as:

Leader-member relations.

The person who inspires, motivates, and directs the activities of others so that they work toward organizational goals is known as a:

Leader.

The process by which one person exerts influence over others and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities is known as:

Leadership.

With reference to the steps of decision-making process, which of the following is the last step in the managerial decision-making process?

Learn from feedback

Tim has been promoted to the position of Regional Manager and been given the authority and responsibility to carry out the duties of the position, Tim has been given:

Legitimate power.

Which of the following types of financial ratios indicates the degree to which the organization uses debt or equity to finance its ongoing operations?

Leverage ratios

Jespher, Inc., allows Hertonz, a foreign organization, to take charge of both manufacturing and distributing one or more of its products in Thailand in return for a negotiated fee. This is an example of which mode of international expansion?

Licensing

Which of the following types of financial ratios measures the ability of the organization to pay its short-term debts?

Liquidity ratios

Which type of financial ratios measures the ability of the organization to pay its short-term debts?

Liquidity ratios.

Ray is a manager of a fiscal office in a public hospital. He must ensure that all departments and units follow the hospital's rules and regulations pertaining to budgets, spending accounts, and expense reimbursements. Which of the following personality traits can be an asset for Ray?

Low openness to experience

BIC, makers of ballpoint pens and razors, concentrates on making its products cheaper than its rivals. Which of the following strategies is BIC pursuing?

Low-cost strategy

A system for evaluating subordinates' behavior by their ability to achieve specific goals is called:

MBO.

In MBO:

Managers and subordinates set goals together.

Which of the following is the MOST likely reason that unions exist?

Managers may take actions to benefit other stakeholders at the expense of workers

In which type of organizational design are employees correctly referred to as two-boss employees?

Matrix structure

A compensation plan basing pay on performance is often called:

Merit pay.

In Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene theory, needs that are related to the nature of the work itself and the degree of challenge contained in the work are known as:

Motivator Needs

In Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, needs that are related to the nature of the work itself and the degree of challenge contained in the work are known as:

Motivator needs.

The Act that made it legal for workers to organize into unions was the:

National Labor Relations Act.

The act that made it legal for workers to organize into unions was the:

National Labor Relations Act.

Establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations and being liked are characteristics of individuals who can be rated high on which of the following?

Need for affiliation

Which of the following needs is considered especially important for upper-level managers?

Need for power

Austin was often late to work. despite his manage, Ben, warning him against it several times. As a last resort, Ben reduced Austin's salary in proportion to the hours he missed at work by being late. It turned out to the right thing to do as Austin was never late to work after the incident. Which of the following explains the scenario?

Negative Reinforcement

When Alice makes it to work on time for an entire quarter, her manager, Dan, takes her off of probation. This is known as:

Negative reinforcement.

_____ is a general term that refers to anything that hampers any stage of the communication process.

Noise

In a meeting after hearing a member describe a problem to be addressed, all other members of the group first wrote down ideas and solutions. After this, everyone shared those suggestions without criticism. The group, one by one, clarified, critiqued, and then discussed the alternatives in the sequence in which they were first proposed. Finally, each member ranked all the alternatives, and the highest-ranking alternative was chosen. Which of the following decision-making techniques is being implemented?

Nominal group technique

Close ties between the members of the group typically are formed during which stage of group development?

Norming

_____ are unwritten, informal rules or guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations

Norms

_____ are unwritten, informal rules or guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations.

Norms

Which of the following theories describes how employees learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences, and to avoid behaviors that lead to undesired consequences?

Operant Conditioning Theory

OB Modification is based on the principles of:

Operant Conditioning.

Which of the following theories describes how employees learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences, and to avoid behaviors that lead to undesired consequences?

Operant conditioning theory.

_____ culture is the set of values, norms, and expectations of behavior that control the ways in which workers interact with one another within the organization.

Organizational

The set of values, norms, and expectations of behavior which control the ways in which workers interact with one another within the organization is known as:

Organizational culture.

Which of the following is the process through which managers try to increase members' abilities to understand and appropriately respond to changing conditions?

Organizational learning

In management by objectives (MBO), which of the following is established first?

Organizational objectives

Trevor, the regional manager for Taylor Dairies, tracks the average sale of each dairy product sold in order to determine the quantity of each type of product to be carried on the fleet. This is an example of:

Output control.

Instead of hiring an accountant, Johnson and Stevenson LLC decided to contract with a local accounting firm for their tax accounting needs. The process is known as:

Outsourcing.

Which of the following can provide managers with the information they need to make good human resources decisions about how to train, motivate, and reward organizational members?

Performance appraisal

A manager evaluates a subordinate's job performance and her contributions to the organization. This is known as the process of:

Performance appraisal.

After a lengthy job interview, Eva had to demonstrate her secretarial skills by taking a typing test. The typing test is a type of:

Performance test.

The degree to which an employee keeps trying when faced with obstacles to the accomplishment of a goal is referred to as:

Persistence.

All of the following are problems associated with direct supervision EXCEPT:

Personal involvement with subordinates.

Tests that measure the personal characteristics of job applicants that are relevant to successful performance on the job are known as:

Personality tests.

Which of the following motivators is the most basic need in Maslow's hierarchy?

Physiological.

What need(s) has (have) research found to be especially important for upper managers to possess?

Power.

Which of the following is an example of extrinsically motivated behavior?

Praise

Which of the following types of performance ratios measures the efficiency of the organization in terms of how well the resources of the organization have been used to generate profit?

Profit ratios

When John violated the company's sexual harassment policy, Kyle had to suspend John for two weeks without pay. This is known as:

Punishment.

The component of an HRM system that focuses on attempting to attract and to hire employees who have the abilities and experiences to help the organization to achieve its goals is known as:

Recruitment and selection.

The set of activities in which managers engage to develop a pool of qualified candidates for open positions is known as:

Recruitment.

The power of a leader that comes from the respect and loyalty of subordinates is known as:

Referent power.

According to Fiedler, what type of leaders is primarily concerned with developing good relationships with their subordinates and being liked by them?

Relationship-oriented.

Which of the following is the MOST commonly used financial performance measure that allows managers of one organization to compare performance with that of other organizations?

Return on investment

Which of the following is the most commonly used financial performance measure when evaluating an organization's performance?

Return on investment.

When Mark brought in a large client for the bank, Dan gave Mark a significant bonus. What type of power was Dan using?

Reward.

A group of managers at Power Explosives analyzes both the internal strengths and weaknesses of their organization as well as the opportunities and threats of the external environment. Which of the following planning exercises does this indicate?

SWOT analysis

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following is the highest level of needs of workers?

Self-actualization

A person's belief about his or her ability to perform a behavior successfully is referred to as:

Self-efficacy.

Jose controls his own behavior without the need for outside control of that behavior by another manager. This is an example of:

Self-reinforcement.

As a reward for completing his assignment two weeks ahead of schedule, Scott rewarded himself with a long vacation. The reward is a(n):

Self-reinforcer.

A manager wants to make a lasting contribution to her organization is expressing which of the following terminal values?

Sense of accomplishment

What type of leaders share power with followers and strive to ensure that followers' most important needs are met, they are able to develop as individuals, and their well-being is enhanced, and that attention is paid to those who are least well-off in a society?

Servant.

Which theory proposes that motivation results not only from direct experience of rewards and punishments but also from a person's thoughts and beliefs?

Social learning theory.

Which of the following is a mechanism of control for organizational culture?

Socialization

Which of the following refers to the number of subordinates who report directly to a manager?

Span of control

The workers of an organization perform the same activities in the same way over and over again, based on rules that managers have developed. We say that the behavior of these workers has been:

Standardized.

Which of the following is used in situations in which programmed decision making is appropriate?

Standing plan

During the interview process, Tim deliberately asked all the applicants the same set of questions. What type of interview did Tim use?

Structured.

An appraisal based on managers' perceptions of traits, behaviors, or results always has a chance of being inaccurate, and is called:

Subjective.

Because of the economic downturn, employees at Sunshine Investments LLC have been under tremendous stress. According to path-goal theory, in this situation the manager of Sunshine Investment LLC should be:

Supportive.

Two divisions of a company decide to use the same manufacturing facilities to capitalize on the organization's excess capacity and to reduce the fixed costs assigned by corporate headquarters. This is an example of which of the following?

Synergy

Which of the following is the degree to which programmed solutions are available to people or functions to solve the problems they encounter?

Task analyzability

Which of the following is often known as the ad hoc committee?

Task force

Which type of leader is primarily concerned with ensuring that subordinates perform their work at a high quality level?

Task-oriented

According to Fiedler, what type of leaders is primarily concerned with ensuring that subordinates perform at a high level and focus on task accomplishment?

Task-oriented.

Which of the following is an example of rites of integration?

Thanksgiving party

Which of the following is a way to bring distant managers together to brainstorm and is a written approach to creative problem solving?

The Delphi technique

In the United States, which of the following laws requires male and female employees to be paid the same if they perform equal work?

The Equal Pay Act

A written summary of the knowledge, skills, and abilities that are needed to perform a specific job is known as:

The job specifications.

The extent to which an individual has a strong desire to perform challenging tasks well and to meet personal standards for excellence is referred to as:

The need for achievement.

Which of the following is responsible for developing the strategies that result in an organization's competitive advantage?

Top management team

Managers at Mayflower Manufacturing focus on teaching their subordinates the most efficient and effective way to utilize the equipment. What component of the HRM system is Mayflower Manufacturing utilizing?

Training and development.

Which of the following is based on the premise that effective leaders possess personal qualities that set them apart from ineffective leaders?

Trait model

Which model of leadership is based on the premise that effective leaders possess personal qualities that set them apart from ineffective leaders?

Trait model.

Leaders that motivate subordinates primarily by rewarding and reprimanding are called:

Transactional.

Leadership that makes subordinates aware of their jobs' importance to the organization is called:

Transformational.

Information is shared between two or more people in which phase of the communication process?

Transmission

A division is a collection of departments that work together within the organization to produce the product. (T or F)

True

A functional structure is an organizational structure composed of all of the departments that an organization needs to produce its products. (T or F)

True

A line manager is someone in the chain of command who has formal authority over people and resources. (T or F)

True

A manager's personal leadership style is the specific way in which a manager chooses to influence other people; it is how the manager approaches planning, organizing, and controlling. (T or F)

True

Action plans can include the strategies to attain the goals and schedules for the completion of different activities crucial to goal attainment. (T or F)

True

Clearly communicating to group members why each person's contributions are valuable to the group is an effective way to reduce or eliminate social loafing. (T or F)

True

Decentralization makes an organization flexible as the organization grows and becomes taller. (T or F)

True

Entrepreneurs are likely to be high on the personality trait of openness to experience. (T or F)

True

Good communication helps in increasing efficiency, improving quality, and increasing the responsiveness to customers. (T or F)

True

Groups often take longer than individuals to make decisions. (T or F)

True

In a strategic alliance, managers share their organization's resources and know-how with those of a foreign company, and the two organizations share the rewards or risks of starting a new venture in a foreign country. (T or F)

True

Intrapreneurs engage in entrepreneurship within an existing company. (T or F)

True

Organizational goals should be both challenging and realistic. (T or F)

True

Planning involves identifying and selecting appropriate goals and courses of action for an organization. (T or F)

True

Self-managed work teams help to improve quality, increase motivation and satisfaction, and lower costs. (T or F)

True

Servant leaders have a strong desire to serve and work for the benefit of others. (T or F)

True

The "chain of command" of an organization is the hierarchy of authority for that organization. (T or F)

True

The classical decision-making model assumes that managers have all of the information they need in order to make the optimum decision. (T or F)

True

The concept of motivation is concerned with the direction of the worker's behavior, the amount of effort of the worker, and the level of persistence of the worker. (T or F)

True

The goal of EEO is to ensure that all citizens have an equal opportunity to obtain employment regardless of their gender, race, country of origin, religion, age, or disabilities. (T or F)

True

The inventory turnover ratio is an example of the activity ratio of an organization. (T or F)

True

The job characteristics model explains how managers can make jobs more interesting and motivating. (T or F)

True

The nature of an organization's human resources is an important determinant of the organization's structure. (T or F)

True

The three main mechanisms that managers use to assess output or performance are financial measures, organizational goals, and operating budgets. (T or F)

True

Using the controlling function, managers monitor and evaluate the organization's strategy to evaluate whether it is working as intended. (T or F)

True

While assessing the practicality of alternatives, managers must decide whether they have the capabilities and resources required to implement the alternative, and they must be sure that the alternative will not threaten the attainment of other organizational goals. (T or F)

True

_____ means that at any one time only one central, guiding plan is put into operation to achieve an organizational goal.

Unity

A manager makes sure the outcomes offered to subordinates for good performance are rewards they value. The manager is working on:

Valence.

An organization purchases one of its suppliers in order to obtain access to the raw materials which it needs for its production. It also decides to sell its products through its own retail outlets. Which of the following corporate-level strategies is the organization using?

Vertical integration

Another name for observational learning is:

Vicarious learning.

Which of the following modes of international expansion gives an organization high potential return because the organization does not have to share its profits with a foreign organization, and it reduces the level of risk because the organization's managers have full control over all aspects of their foreign company's operations?

Wholly owned foreign subsidiary

the type of control system that uses rules and SOP's to regulate the behavior of workers within the organization is known as

a bureaucratic control system

Members of a cross-functional team have an informal agreement that whenever a team member goes out of town on business, that team member will leave a phone number where he can be reached by the other members of the team. This arrangement is known as

a group norm

The set of behaviors and tasks that a member of the group is expected to perform because he/she is a member of the group is known as:

a group role.

A manager changes jobs within an organization and moves to another job at the same level without any major changes in authority or responsibility. This is known as:

a lateral move.

Kenneth is interviewing a group of equally qualified employees for his new retail outlet. According to the ASA framework, he is most likely to hire an individual who has:

a personality similar to his own.

in the production process, when the product goes to whichever workstation is needed to perform the next operation to complete the product and the workstations are relatively self-contained, this is known as

a process layout

Employee promotions at ABC Company appear in the local newspaper. This is an example of:

a rite of enhancement.

which of the following groups is also a team

a search committee selecting a dean for a college that interacts frequently by various means over a period of several months.

When managers use a set of predetermined questions for all the applicants for a specific job, this is known as:

a structured interview.

a manager's personal conviction about lifelong goals is an example of

a terminal value

A manager's personal conviction about lifelong goals is an example of

a terminal value.

Another name for a task force is a(n):

ad hoc committee.

When the meaning of the information available to a manager is unclear and can be interpreted in several ways, the information is:

ambiguous.

another name for a task force

an ad hoc committee

manager's personal conviction about ways of behaving is an example of

an instrumental value

which of the following is an example of the legitimate power of a manager?

appraisals of subordinates

what can a manager do to discourage social loafing in a group

assign specific tasks to group members and hold them accountable for their performance

The "ASA" framework concerns:

attraction - selection - attrition.

The degree to which a job allows the worker to schedule the tasks of the job and to decide how to carry out these tasks is known as:

autonomy.

When Gallo purchased a company that makes wine bottles, it was involved in:

backward vertical integration.

Factors that make it costly for an organization to enter an industry as a new competitor are known as:

barriers to entry

Compared to men, women tend to:

be more participative.

which of the following process includes comparing the performance on specific dimensions withe the performance of high-performing organizations, to decide how successful a change effort has been

benchmarking

A change that is gradual, in which managers at all levels work together to develop a detailed plan for change, is called a __________ change.

bottom-up.

Managers who score low on extraversion are

called introverts

Another name for the organization's hierarchy of authority is the:

chain of command.

A manager who takes "ownership" of a project and provides the leadership and vision that take a commodity from the idea stage to the final customer is a product:

champion.

an enthusiastic, self-confident leader who is able to clearly communicate his/her vision oh how good things could be is known as a

charismatic leader

An enthusiastic, self-confident leader who is able to clearly communicate his/her vision of how good things could be is known as a:

charismatic leader.

which of the following is an example of a tangible reward that managers can give or withhold

choice of job assignment

the type of control that is imposed on workers within the organization by the shared values, norms, standards of behaviors, and expectations for workers within that organization is known as

clan control

If a society values the group more than the individual, and believes that people should be judged by the quality of their contribution to the group instead of their individual achievement, then the society is said to value:

collectivism

which of the following culture in Japan places prime emphasis on the group rather than the individual

collectivism

a group of workers in the production department who report to the same manager is an example of which of the following type of group

command

the sharing of information between two or more people within the organization in order to reach a common understanding is known as

communication

The sharing of information between two or more people within the organization in order to reach a common understanding is known as:

communication.

at which step of the control process do managers evaluate whether the actual performance of the organization differs significantly from the standards of performance being used to assess the performance of the organization

compare actual performance to the standards

The ability to analyze and diagnose problem situations that require one to "see the big picture" is a:

conceptual skill

which of the following is most likely to be used in a garment factory to solve problems like defective inputs, broken machine parts, or a worker's lack of skills to produce a specific type of garment

concurrent control

According to _____ theory, managers should choose a structure that fits the circumstances affecting their organization the most.

contingency

leadership theories that propose that the effectiveness of a leader depends on the situation in which the leader finds herself are known as

contingency models

which of the following is the process by which managers monitor and regulate how efficiently and effectively an organization and its members are performing the activities necessary to achieve organizational goals

controlling

All of the following are examples of terminal values EXCEPT

courage.

In managerial decision making, the ability of a manager to discover novel ideas that lead to alternative courses of action for the organization to use for solving a particular problem is known as:

creativity.

When different managers from different functional areas are brought together to work on an organizational task, they are known as a(n) _____ team.

cross-functional

Fern Motor Co. brings together senior managers from its marketing, R&D, manufacturing, accounting, and finance departments to work on a project as a team, to design a new type of sport utility vehicle. In this scenario, Fern Motor Co. creates a:

cross-functional team.

The strategic planning committee at Comfort Fabric Clothing Company, New York, consists of managers from engineering, R&D, production, marketing, and finance. This is an example of a(n):

cross-functional team.

raw, unsummarized facts are known as

data

Organizations can keep their hierarchy flat by:

decentralizing authority.

Planning involves:

deciding the strategies to adopt to attain organizational goals

The process by which managers decide how to divide into specific jobs the tasks that have to be performed to provide customers with goods and services is known as job:

design.

The most immediate and potent form of behavior control is:

direct supervision.

which of the following is an example of the coercive power of a manager

dismissal of a subordinate

Another name for the business level of the organization is:

divisional level.

which of the following is not true of self-managed work teams

each member specializes in any one area of work

The measure of the "appropriateness" of the goals selected by management for the organization and the degree to which the organization accomplishes these goals is known as:

effectiveness

Burger King developed a fat-fryer machine that reduced the amount of oil used to fry burgers by 30 percent over its current competitors. This is an example of an attempt to improve the organization's:

efficiency

how hard an employee works on the job is referred to as

effort

How hard an employee works on the job is referred to as:

effort.

Giorgio is very upset with his co-worker Petra, who has made errors in her work that cause Giorgio to have to work late. Giorgio is experiencing a(n):

emotion.

Leaders who are high on _____ are more likely to understand all the emotions surrounding creative endeavors.

emotional intelligence

the ability of a manager to understand and to manage her own emotions and the emotions of others in known as the manager's

emotional intelligence

The ability of a manager to understand and to manage her own emotions and the emotions of others is known the manager's:

emotional intelligence.

Ford Motor Co. gives the assembly-line workers that authority to shut down the production line whenever they believe that there is a quality defect in the production process. Which of the following best describes the situation?

empowerment

The process of giving all employees the authority to make decisions and be responsible for their outcomes is known as:

empowerment.

XYZ Company holds an annual 4th of July picnic. In addition to giving employees a chance to have fun, top management also presents award to top performers. This is a rite of

enhancement.

The explosion of the space shuttle Challenger is an example of poor managerial decision making by the managers at NASA and Morton Thiokol, who considered and then downplayed the criterion of:

ethicalness.

The final step in the control process is to:

evaluate the results and initiate corrective action.

which type of power is based on the specialized knowledge and skills of the leader?

expert power

the tendency of a person to feel good about himself and the rest of the world is known as

extraversion

) The tendency of a person to feel good about himself and the rest of the world is known as:

extraversion.

Behavior that is performed by an employee to acquire a material reward, to acquire a social reward, or to avoid punishment is referred to as:

extrinsically motivated behavior.

which of the following medium of communication has the highest information richness

face-to-face communication

which operations management technique has as its goal to design the machine-worker interface to increase production efficiency

facilities layout

a JIT inventory system is likely to result in

faster inventory turnover

The extent to which a job gives the worker direct and clear information about how well the worker is performing the job is known as:

feedback

in which stage of the communication process is a common understanding reached between the participants

feedback

what type of control do managers typically use at the output stage

feedback control

which type of control do managers typically use in the input stage of the process of transforming raw materials into finished goods

feedforward control

which operations management technique attempts to reduce the machine setup costs in the production system

flexible manufacturing

the members of a particular group are getting to know one another and attempting to reach an understanding of how each of them should act within the group. This stage of a group development is known as:

forming

which of the following is the correct order of the stages of group development

forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning/deforming

The members of a particular group are getting to know one another and attempting to reach an understanding of how each of them should act within the group. This stage of group development is known as:

forming.

Firestone Tire and Rubber Company set up a chain of Firestone retail stores to sell its tires to American consumers. This is an example of:

forward vertical integration.

According to the ASA model, it is clear that _____ can have profound and long-lasting effects on organizational culture

founders of an organization

According to the ASA model, it is clear that _____ can have profound and long-lasting effects on organizational culture.

founders of an organization

The cost advantages that are associated with large operations are known as:

gatekeeping functions

The degree to which the members of a group are attracted to membership in the group is known as:

group cohesiveness.

Shared guidelines or rules of behavior that most group members follow are called:

group norms.

the set of behaviors and tasks that a member of the group is expected to perform because he or she is a member of the group is known as

group roles

a group of managers work very hard to be sure that they agree on important issues instead of working toward an accurate assessment of the situation. which of the following best describes this scenario

groupthink

The pattern of faulty and biased decision making that occurs in groups whose members strive for argument at the expense of good decision making is called:

groupthink.

"The fate of every individual is decided before he/she is born, and there is nothing one can do to change it." An individual who believes in this phrase would:

have an external locus of control.

A. score high on openness to experience.

have an external locus of control.

the fate of every individual is decided before he/she is born, and there is nothing one can do to change it. an individual who believes in this phrase would

have an external locust of control

Managers who perform "above and beyond the call of duty" behaviors do so because they have:

high job satisfaction

People who are _____ are especially likely to experience positive moods

high on extraversion

Ross is a senior accountant in an audit firm. He is always angry and keeps complaining about the quality of work he receives, the pressures imposed by his superiors, the culture of the organization, and his inability to handle stress. Ross scores:

high on negative affectivity

Grace believes that she is competent, deserving, and capable of handling most difficult situations. Grace has:

high self-esteem

An entrepreneur is likely to have:

high self-esteem.

In general, the _____ the barriers to entry into an industry, the _____ the number of competitors in that industry and the _____ the threat of competition within that industry.

higher; smaller; lower

The set of activities in which managers engage to predict the future human resource needs of their organization is known as:

human resource planning.

In Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, needs that are related to the physical and psychological context in which the work is performed are known as:

hygiene needs.

One of the reasons to increase product quality is that higher product quality can _____ efficiency, _____ operating costs, and _____ profits.

increase; lower; increase

Recent theorizing and research suggest that managers' emotional intelligence may be especially important in:

increasing employee creativity

) Recent theorizing and research suggest that managers' emotional intelligence may be especially important in:

increasing employee creativity.

data that are organized in a meaningful way are known as

information

the amount of information that a communication medium can carry is known as

information richness

the final step in the control process is

initiate corrective action

All of the following are examples of instrumental values EXCEPT

inner harmony.

Rites of ______ might be shared announcements of organizational successes, office parties, and company cookouts

integration

When managers attempt to fill open positions with workers who are already working for the organization in some other capacity, they are engaging in:

internal recruiting.

Behavior that is performed by an employee "for its own sake" is referred to as:

intrinsically motivated behavior

Behavior that is performed by an employee "for its own sake" is referred to as:

intrinsically motivated behavior.

The correct answer for all business questions is

it depends

The process of identifying the job descriptions and the job specifications for all of the jobs within an organization is known as:

job analysis.

The process of identifying and describing in writing the tasks, duties, and responsibilities for a specific job results in a:

job description.

The collection of feelings and beliefs that a manager has about his current position is referred to as: A. organizational citizenship.

job satisfaction

A summary of the knowledge, skills, and abilities that are needed to perform a specific job is known as a:

job specification.

How workers in a particular organization dress is part of the organization's:

language.

The person who inspires, motivates, and directs the activities of others so that they work toward organizational goals is known as a:

leader.

the process by which one person exerts influence over others and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities is known as

leadership

The process by which one person exerts influence over others and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities is known as:

leadership.

The authority that a manager has because of his position in the organizational hierarchy is known as

legitimate power

The authority that a manager has because of his/her position in the organizational hierarchy is known as:

legitimate power.

which type of financial ratio measures the ability of the organization to pay its short-term debts

liquidity ratios

A manager who chooses inappropriate goals for the organization, but makes good use of the organization's resources in pursuing these goals is said to have:

low effectiveness/high efficiency

Wally is often criticized by his manager as an individual who lacks direction and self-discipline. If this opinion is true, Wally would score:

low on conscientiousness

When managers pass through work areas and talk informally with workers, they are engaging in:

management by wandering around.

in the production process, when the workers are stationary and a moving conveyor belt takes the product on the the next workstation so that it is assembled in a fixed sequence, this is known as

mass production

According to the trait model, which of the following trait o leadership helps managers avoid acting selfishly, control their feelings, and admit when they have made a mistake

maturity

in the communication process, the pathway through which the message is sent is known as the

medium

In the transmission phase of the communication process, the information that is to be communicated is known as the:

message.

A broad declaration of the organization's overriding purpose, intended to identify the organization's products and customer base, as well as to differentiate the organization from its competitors is known as a:

mission statement.

Entrepreneurship is the:

mobilization of resources to take advantage of an opportunity to provide customers with new or improved goods and services.

) A feeling or state of mind is called a(n):

mood

In Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, needs that are related to the nature of the work itself and the degree of challenge contained in the work are known as:

motivator needs.

Before creating training and development programs, managers should perform a ______ to determine which employees need training or development and what type of skills or knowledge they need to acquire.

needs assessment.

Prior to designing a training and development program for managers, a human resource specialist attempts to determine which managers require training and what types of skills and knowledge these managers require to develop. This process is known as:

needs assessment.

Innovation takes place in an organization when:

new and useful ideas are implemented.

Nonroutine decisions made in response to novel situations in business are known as:

nonprogrammed decisions

Upon joining a new firm, Carrie understands from her colleagues that the organization places a high value personal integrity and does not tolerate any sort of unethical behavior. Such unwritten, informal codes of conduct are referred to as:

norms

Upon joining a new firm, Carrie understands from her colleagues that the organization places a high value personal integrity and does not tolerate any sort of unethical behavior. Such unwritten, informal codes of conduct are referred to as:

norms.

An employee learns how to do her job by working closely with her team leader, observing and learning how the process functions. This is known as:

on-the-job training.

Managers who initiate major changes in their organizations are often high on

openness to experience.

the standard of performance that measures efficiency at the corporate level of the organization is

operating costs

The standard of performance that measures efficiency at the corporate level of the organization is known as:

operating costs.

the management of any aspect of production that transforms inputs into finished outputs is known as

operations management

The management of any aspect of production that transforms inputs into finished outputs is known as:

operations management.

The collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have about their organizations is known as:

organizational commitment

The process by which newcomers to an organization learn the values and norms is:

organizational socialization.

A formal system of reporting relationships that coordinates workers so that they work together to attempt to achieve organizational goals is called a(n):

organizational structure

The process that managers use to design a structure of working relationships that allows employees to work together to achieve organizational goals is called:

organizing

The process by which managers establish the structure of working relationships among workers of the organization is known as:

organizing.

the manager of a 7-eleven convience store keeps track of the average sale amount for each customer as a way of deciding on the product mix to be carried in the store. this is an example of

output control

the manager of a fast-food restaurant such as McDonald's keeps track of the number of customers served at different periods of the day in an attempt to plan a schedule for workers that matches the demand for the restaurant's products. this is an example of

output control

Alkyl Ltd., one of the leading shoe manufacturers, enters into a contract with Blinx-a foreign manufacturer-to only manufacture its shoes. In this scenario, Alkyl Ltd. is following the _____ strategy.

outsourcing

When managers hire contract employees who are not regular employees of their organization to produce goods and services, it is known as:

outsourcing.

Rites of _____ determine how individuals enter, advance within, or leave the organization.

passage

Raw recruits into the military go through a rigorous process that aims at submerging their individuality for the common good of their unit. Such processes are examples of rites of

passage.

The arrangement of jobs into categories reflecting their relative importance to the organization and its goals, level of skills required, and other characteristics is called:

pay structure.

the degree to which an employee keeps trying when faced with obstacles to the accomplishment of a goal is referred to as

persistence

The degree to which an employee keeps trying, when faced with obstacles, to accomplish a goal is referred to as:

persistence.

To create a learning organization, managers should empower employees and allow them to experiment, create, and explore what they want through developing a sense of:

personal mastery.

An organization's culture is most like its

personality.

A general guide to action for the managers of an organization is known as a:

policy.

Subordinates of managers who experience _____ moods at work tend to _____.

positive; be more creative under certain conditions

the ability of a leader to get others to act in certain ways is known at that leader's

power

Effective leadership depends on the use of:

power and influence

Glasco Softwares Co. found that in Japan, collectivism (conforming to group expectations) was highly valued, in contrast to the individualistic American society which created numerous problems for its managers while operating in Japan. Which of the following can these problems be attributed to?

power distance

A key component of effective leadership is found in the ______ the leader has to affect other people's behavior and get them to act in certain ways.

power.

The radical redesign of the way work is done in order to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance is known as

process reengineering

The main reason for the loss of productivity in brainstorming is:

production blocking.

a system that an organization uses to obtain inputs, convert them into outputs, and then dispose of these outputs is known as a

production system

A system that an organization uses to obtain inputs, convert them into outputs, and then dispose of these outputs is known as a(n):

production system.

Decisions that have been made many times in the past and for which managers have rules and guidelines about how to make similar decisions in the future are known as:

programmed decisions

The concept of _____ refers to goods and services that are dependable, reliable, able to do what they were designed for, and satisfying.

quality

All of the following are major managerial functions EXCEPT:

rationalizing.

information that reflects current conditions is called

real-time information

In assessing the need for organizational change, managers must:

recognize that there is a problem and identify its source.

The component of an HRM system that focuses on attempting to attract and hire employees who have the abilities and experiences to help the organization to achieve its goals is known as:

recruitment and selection.

The set of activities in which managers generate a pool of qualified candidates for open positions is known as:

recruitment.

the power of a leader that comes from the respect and loyalty of subordinates is known as

referent power

The power of a leader that comes from the respect and loyalty of subordinates is known as:

referent power.

The degree to which a test generates a similar score each time it is administered to a job applicant is known as the _____ of the test.

reliability

The degree to which a test generates a similar score each time it is administered to a job applicant is known as the __________ of the test.

reliability.

Negative reinforcement involves __________ negative consequences when functional behaviors are performed and punishment involves __________ negative consequences when dysfunctional behaviors are performed.

removing; administering.

which of the following is the most commonly used financial performance measure when evaluating an organizations performance

return on investment

The ability of a manager to give outcomes to or withhold outcomes from subordinates is known as:

reward power.

When managers know the possible outcomes of a decision and can assign probabilities to each of these outcomes in terms of their likelihood of occurrence in the future, this is known as:

risk.

A plan that is updated and changed every year to take into consideration how the organization's external and internal environments have changed is known as a:

rolling plan.

A formal, written guide to action for employees in an organization is known as a:

rule.

A manager considers a limited sample of the potential alternative solutions for a problem and selects one that is acceptable instead of attempting to select the optimum solution. This type of decision is called:

satisficing.

The process by which managers determine the relative qualifications of job applicants for an open position is known as:

selection.

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory, which is the highest level of needs of workers?

self-actualization

A _____ refers to a group of employees who assume collective responsibility for organizing, controlling, and supervising their own work activities

self-managed team

teams that are empowered to take responsibility for acting autonomously on identifiable pieces of work are referred to as

self-managed work teams

Teams that are empowered to take responsibility for acting autonomously in order to complete identifiable pieces of work are referred to as:

self-managed work teams.

In the transmission phase of communication, the person who wishes to share information with someone else is known as the:

sender.

When managers present a job applicant with a scenario that is likely to occur on the job and ask the applicant how he/she would respond, this type of interview is known as a(n):

situational interview.

The extent to which a job requires the worker to use a wide range of knowledge and abilities is known as:

skill variety.

In the context of promoting organizational learning and intrapreneurship, the idea behind the role of _____ is that, if intrapreneurs are isolated, they will become so intensely involved in a project that development time will be relatively brief and the quality of the final product will be enhanced.

skunkworks

Attraction-selection-attrition processes are most evident in:

small firms

the tendency of group members to exert less effort when they work in groups than they would exert if they were acting alone is known as

social loafing

A member of a task force does not do much work related to the goals of the task force. This member is confident that the other members of the task force "will take up the slack." This group member is exhibiting:

social loafing.

All of the following are examples of instrumental values EXCEPT:

social recognition.

As a result of their _____ experiences, organizational members internalize an organization's values and norms and behave in accordance with them not only because they think they have to but because they think that these values and norms describe the right and proper way to behave.

socialization

Raw recruits into the military go through a rigorous process that aims at submerging their individuality for the common good of their unit. Such processes are examples of:

socialization

which of the following is a mechanism of control for organizational culture

socialization

Raw recruits into the military go through a rigorous process that aims at submerging their individuality for the common good of their unit. Such processes are examples of:

socialization.

According to the goal-setting theory, the most motivating goals are:

specific and difficult

According to the goal-setting theory, the most motivating goals are:

specific and difficult.

The manager of the human resources department of a company is a(n) _____ manager.

staff

A written set of instructions which describes the series of actions that a manager should take in a specific situation is known as a:

standing operating procedure.

the members of a task force have disagreements because some members do not want to do what some of their members want them to do. This stage of group development is known as

storming

The members of a task force have disagreements because some members do not want to do what some of the other members want them to do. This stage of group development is known as:

storming.

A(n) _____ is a formal agreement that commits two or more companies to exchange or share their resources in order to produce and market a product.

strategic alliance

The cluster of decisions that managers make to assist an organization to achieve its goals is known as:

strategy.

in terms of group performance, the idea that "the whole is equal to more than the sum of its parts" is the fundamental point in the concept of

synergy

In terms of group performance, the idea that "the whole is more than the sum of its parts" is the fundamental point in the concept of:

synergy.

The idea that one level of learning affects other levels is part of the _____ principle of creating a learning organization.

systems thinking

A competitor of ABC Company has negotiated a long-term contract with ABC's major supplier of raw materials. Now ABC must find another supplier of the raw materials. This is an example of an impact on the organization's: A. political environment.

task environment

An organization's major customer puts pressure on the organization to reduce prices of its products. This is an example of the organization's:

task environment

The extent to which a job requires a worker to perform all of the tasks that are required to complete the job is known as:

task identity.

The degree to which a manager feels that his/her job is "meaningful" because of the way in which the job affects other people is known as:

task significance.

The ability of a worker in the accounting department to prepare the organization's balance sheet is an example of a(n):

technical skill

Managers maintain and transmit culture through all of the following EXCEPT:

technology

Managers maintain and transmit culture through all of the following EXCEPT

technology.

workers who are employed by an organization but who work at home are known as

telecommuters

entrepreneurship is

the mobilization of resources to take advantage of an opportunity to provide customers with new or improved goods and services

The collection of values that a society considers important and the norms of behavior that are approved by the society are known as:

the national culture

According to David McClelland, the extent to which a manager has a strong desire to perform challenging tasks and to meet personal standards of excellence is known as:

the need for achievement

) Kevin is a media manager at an advertising firm. He is always concerned about maintaining good relations with both his superiors and subordinates. This has had a negative impact on his team's performance on many occasions. Kevin would score high on:

the need for affiliation

According to David McClelland, the extent to which a manager has a strong desire to control and influence others is known as:

the need for power.

according to David McClelland, the extent to which a manager has a strong desire to perform challenging tasks and to meet personal standards of excellence is known as

the need of achievement

In an adaptive culture, employees often receive rewards based on:

their performance.

The outputs of an organization, divided by all of its inputs, is called its:

total factor productivity.

The component of an HRM system that focuses on helping employees to build the skills and abilities that will enable them to perform their jobs successfully is:

training and development.

which theory of leadership is based on the premise that effective leaders possess personal qualities that set them apart from ineffective leaders?

trait model

Leaders who motivate subordinates primarily by rewarding and reprimanding them are called _____ leaders.

transactional

leaders that motivate subordinates primarily by rewarding and reprimanding are called

transactional leadership

leadership that makes subordinates aware of their jobs' importance to the organization is called:

transformational leadership

Leadership that makes subordinates aware of their jobs' importance to the organization is called:

transformational leadership.

When managers cannot assign probabilities of future occurrence to possible alternatives to a decision, this is known as:

uncertainty

The degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure is called the _____ of the test.

validity

The degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure is called the __________ of the test.

validity.

Managers should design flexible structures, characterized by decentralized authority and empowered employees, for their organization when its:

workforce is highly skilled.