Mike Meyer's Guide to Network+ Chapter 2

Switch

A Layer 2 (Data Link) multiport device that filters and forwards frames based on MAC addresses.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Datagram

A connection-less networking container used in UDP communication.

Datagram

A connection-less transfer unit created with User Datagram Protocol designed for quick transfers over a packet-switched network.

Frame

A defined series of binary data that is the basic container for a discrete amount of data moving across a network.

Router

A device that connects separate networks and forwards a packet from one network to another based only on the network address for the protocol being used.

Broadcast

A frame or packet addressed to all machines, almost always limited to a broadcast domain.

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)

A mathematical method used to check for errors in long streams of transmitted data with high accuracy.

True

A network protocol is special software that allows a network to use logical addressing in order to move data from one subnet to another. True or False?

Device ID

The last 6 digits of a MAC address, identifying the manufacturer's unique serial number for that NIC.

IP Address

The numeric address of a computer connected to a TCP/IP network, such as the Internet. IPv4 addresses are 32 bits long, written as four octets of 8-bit binary. IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long, written as eight sets of four hexadecimal characters.

Payload

The primary data that is sent from a source network device to a destination network device.

Encapsulation

The process of putting the packets from one protocol inside the packets of another protocol.

De-encapsulation

The process of stripping all the extra header information from a packet as the data moves up a protocol stack.

Media Access Control (MAC-48)

The unique 48-bit address assigned to a network interface card. This is also known as the MAC address or the EUI-48.

False

Two systems on the same network may share the same MAC address. True or False?

Media Access Control (MAC) Address

Unique 48-bit address assigned to each network card. IEEE assigns blocks of possible addresses to various NIC manufacturers to help ensure that each address is unique.

IP address

What is the Network layer unique identifier assigned to each device on a TCP/IP network? A) IP address B) MAC address C) router name D) port number

True

When a frame arrives at the hub, the hub makes an exact copy of the frame and sends it to every other system on the network. True or False?

True

When the NIC sends a frame that contains the broadcast address, every NIC on the network processes that frame. True or False?

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

A popular cabling for telephone and networks composed of pairs of wires twisted around each other at specific intervals. The twists serve to reduce interference (also called cross-talk). The more twists, the less interference. The cable has no metallic shielding to protect the wires from external interference.

Logical Address

A programmable network address, unlike a physical address that is burned into ROM.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A protocol used by some older applications, most prominently TFTP (Trivial FTP), to transfer files.

Frame Sequence Number (FCS)

A sequence of bits placed in a frame that is used to check the primary data for errors.

Model

A simplified representation of a real object or process. In the case of networking, models represent logical tasks and subtasks that are required to perform network communication.

Physical Address

An address burned into a ROM chip on a NIC. A MAC address is an example.

Protocol

An agreement that governs the procedures used to exchange information between cooperating entities; usually includes how much information is to be sent, how often it is sent, how to recover from transmission errors, and who is to receive the information.

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Seven Layer Model

An architecture model based on the OSI protocol suite, which defines and standardizes the flow of data between computers.

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Model

An architecture model based on the TCP/ IP protocol suite, which defines and standardizes the flow of data between computers.

Network Interface Card (NIC)

An expansion card that enables a PC to link physically to a network.

Logical Addressing

As opposed to physical addressing, the process of assigning organized blocks of logically associated network addresses to create smaller manageable networks called subnets.

Packet

Basic component of communication over a network. A group of bits of fixed maximum size and well-defined format that is switched and transmitted as a complete whole through a network. It contains source and destination address, data, and control information.

Subnet

Each independent network in a TCP/IP internetwork.

Session Software

Handles the process of differentiating among various types of connections on a PC.

12 hexadecimal characters

How long is a MAC address? A) 12 hexadecimal characters B) 48 bytes C) 12 bytes D) 32 bytes

Physical

In some networks data moves over radio waves, which fall into which layer of the OSI model? A) Application B) Session C) Presentation D) Physical

Segment

The bus cable to which the computers on an Ethernet network connect.

Physical Layer

Layer 1 of the OSI seven-layer model.

Link Layer

Layer 1 of the TCP/IP Model.

Network Interface Layer

Layer 1 of the TCP/IP Model.

Internet Layer

Layer 2 of the TCP/IP Model.

False

Layer 2 of the TCP/IP model maps to the top three layers of the OSI model. (Assume layer 1 is the physical layer and move up from there.) True or False?

Network Layer

Layer 3 of the OSI seven-layer model.

Transport Layer

Layer 4 of the OSI seven-layer model and Layer 3 of the TCP/IP Model.

Session Layer

Layer 5 of the OSI seven-layer model.

Presentation Layer

Layer 6 of the OSI seven-layer model.

gamma rays

NICs send and receive binary data as pulses of all of the following EXCEPT ___________. A) electricity B) radio waves C) gamma rays D) light

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Part of the TCP/ IP protocol suite, operates at Layer 4 (Transport) of the OSI seven-layer model.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Segment

The connection-oriented payload of an IP packet.

They allow you to connect networks with different types of cabling or frames.

Routers have which of the following capabilities? A) They allow you to assign a MAC address to each computer. B) They allow you to assign an IP address to each computer. C) They allow you to connect networks with different types of cabling or frames. D) They allow you to set up wireless networks.

True

Routers use logical addresses as their unique identifiers. True or False?

Data Link Layer

Second layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Seven Layer Model.

Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI)

The first 24 bits of a MAC address, assigned to the NIC manufacturer by the IEEE.

Application Layer

Seventh Layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Seven Layer Model and Layer 4 of the TCP/IP Model.

Application Programming Interface (API)

Shared functions, subroutines, and libraries that allow programs on a machine to communicate with the OS and other programs.

Network Protocol

Special software that exists in every network-capable operating system that acts to create unique identifiers for each system. It also creates a set of communication rules for issues like how to handle data chopped up into multiple packets and how to deal with routers. TCP/IP is the dominant network protocol today.

Extended Unique Identifier, 48-bit (EUI-48)

The IEEE term for the 48-bit MAC address assigned to a network interface.

Internet Protocol

The Internet standard protocol that handles the logical naming for the TCP/IP protocol using IP addresses.

True

The Link layer of the TCP/IP model handles physical hardware connections, such as cabling and NICs. True or False?

True

The Transport layer of the TCP/IP model uses both connection-oriented and connection-less protocols. True or False?

Broadcast Address

The address a NIC attaches to a frame when it wants every other NIC on the network to read it.

Logical Link Control (LLC)

The aspect of the NIC that talks to the operating system, places outbound data coming "down" from the upper layers of software into frames, and creates the FCS on each frame also deals with incoming frames by processing those addressed to the NIC and erasing ones addressed to other machines on the network.

Network

Which layer of the OSI model uses routers and IP addresses to ensure that packets arrive at the correct system? A) Presentation B) Application C) Network D) Data Link

Layer 1

Which layer of the TCP/IP model performs IP addressing functions? (Consider Layer 1 as the physical layer and move up from there.) A) Layer 1 B) Layer 2 C) Layer 3 D) Layer 4

Physical Layer

Which of the following OSI layers converts the ones and zeroes to electrical signals and places these signals on the cable? A) Physical layer B) Transport layer C) Network layer D) Data link layer

It is a sublayer of the Data Link layer

Which of the following best describes Logical Link Control (LLC)? A) It is a Layer 1 protocol. B) It is a sublayer of the Data Link layer. C) It remembers the NIC's MAC address. D) It controls open network sessions.

It is a unique dotted decimal number assigned to every network node.

Which of the following statements best describes an IP address? A) It is a unique identifier burned into the NIC when it is manufactured. B) It is a unique dotted decimal number assigned to every network node. C) It is a number shared by all computers on the same network. D) It is a number assigned only to routers, identifying their priority ratings.

It is a set of commands, provided by the manufacturer of an operating system, which allows programmers to create applications

Which of these statements best describes an Application Program Interface? A) It is the GUI interface that Windows uses to interact with the user. B) It is the top layer of the OSI model of networking. C) It is a set of commands, provided by the manufacturer of an operating system, which allows programmers to create applications. D) It is a protocol that allows Web browsers to request data from a Web server.

True

Windows 7 is a network operating system (NOS). True or False?