Ming and Qing Dynasties

True or False: The Manchus had a large chunk of the population during Qing Dynasty

False: Only 2 percent

What were most Chinese 1500-1800?

Farmers

What did stability lead to?

Higher Population

How did the Ming Dynasty start?

Mongol Dynasty was overthrown. The founder of the new dynasty took the title of Ming Hong Wu or Zhu Yuanzhang.

After Ming Hong Wu or Zhu Yuanzhang dies, who became emporer?

Ming Hong Wu's or Zhu Yuanzhang's son, Yong Le.

What lead to the decline of the Qing Dynasty?

1. Corrupt officials and higher taxes led to rural unrest. 2. Population growth led to economic hardship and revolt. 3. Restrictive trade policies limited economic growth.

What were the European interaction with the Ming?

1. A Portuguese fleet arrived off the coast of China. 2. At the time, the Ming government thought little of their arrival. China was at the height of its power, and from the perspective of the emperor, the Europeans were only an unusual form of barbarian. To the Chinese ruler, the rulers of all other countries were simply "younger brothers" of the Chinese emperor, who was seen as the Son of Heaven. 3. The Portuguese soon outraged Chinese officials with their behavior. They were expelled from Guangzhou (Canton) but were allowed to occupy Macao, a port on the southeastern coast of China. 4. Portuguese ships carried goods between China and Japan, but direct trade between Europe and China remained limited. Perhaps more important than trade, however, was the exchange of ideas.

Who is Zheng He?

1. Chinese Diplomat / Court Official 2. Voyages were led by him

What happened when Christian Missionaries came to China?

1. Christian missionaries also made the long voyage to China on European merchant ships. 2. Many of them were highly educated men who brought along instruments, such as clocks, that impressed Chinese officials and made them more receptive to Western ideas.

What were the accomplishments of the Ming Dynasty?

1. Developed a nationwide school system. 2. Increased its manufactured goods. 3. Renovated the Grand Canal. 4. Extended the Great Wall. 5. Built the Forbidden City (the imperial palace Complex). 6. New crops were introduced, which greatly increased food production.

What is the Origin of the Qing Dynasty?

1. Establish by Manchus from Manchuria. 2. Manchus overtook the capital of Beijing and replaced the Ming Dynasty.

What lead the Ming Dynasty to Decline?

1. High taxes, Corruption within the government, and an epidemic led to a peasant revolt lead by Li Zicheng. 2. Manchus conquered Beijing and replaced the Ming Dynasty with the Qing Dynasty.

What was the Qing Dynasty's Accomplishments?

1. Increased territory to three times that of Ming China. 2. Traded with Russia. 3. Developed the Peking opera. 4. Saw the flourishing of vernacular novels of adventure and romance.

Whoms't is Kangxi?

1. Perhaps the greatest of the emperors who ruled China during Ming and Qing Dynasties. 2. A person with political skill and a strong character, Kangxi took charge of the government while still in his teens and reigned for 61 years. 3. Dedicated "rose at dawn and worked until late at night" 4. The emperor was quite tolerant of the Christians.

What was the Qing Dynasty like?

1. Retained the Ming Style of Government and employed Chinese officials, but placed Manchus in half of the top positions. 2. Adopted a policy of pacification toward the Mongols.

.What is the Treaty of Nerchinsk? Why?

1. Signed under rule of Kangxi 2. China and Russia signed it 3. Russian traders had pushed eastward into land under China's protection in search of trade routes and goods. The treaty stopped Russia's push east, ended the frontier wars, and established trade between the two empires. This gave the Russians a special status with the Qing. Other European powers were limited to trade at certain ports.

What are some facts about the Imperial City?

1. The Imperial City was created to convey power and prestige. 2. It is an immense complex of palaces and temples surrounded by six and one-half miles of walls. 3. Because it was off-limits to commoners, it was known as the Forbidden City.

Who was Qianlong?

1. Under him, Qing dynasty experienced the greatest period of prosperity and reached its greatest physical size. 2. As the emperor grew older, he fell under the influence of destructive elements at court.

What was the Ming Dynasty's Government like?

1. Used a centralized bureaucracy employing officials chosen by civil service examinations. 2. Constantly fought off invasions by the Mongols and Japanese raiders on the costal cities.

What did Yong Le do?

1. Yong Le began construction of the Imperial City in Beijing 2. He moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing. 3. Sent a series of naval voyages into the Indian Ocean that sailed as far west as the eastern coast of Africa.

What was the peasant revolt like?

A peasant revolt led by Li Zicheng. The revolt began in central China and then spread to the rest of the country. Li and his forces occupied the capital of Beijing. When the capital fell, the last Ming emperor committed suicide in the palace gardens. Many officials took their own lives as well.

Was Britain and Chinese trade favorable?

Britain had an unfavorable, or negative, trade balance with China. That is, Britain imported more goods from China than it exported to the country.

Chart

Chart

What type of Dynasty was the Ming?(Country)

Chinese

Was the early culture exchange between China and Europe? Why?

It was "muy bueno." Both sides benefited from this early cultural exchange. Chinese scholars marveled at their ability to read better with European eyeglasses. Christian missionaries were impressed with the teachings of Confucius, the printing and availability of books, and Chinese architecture. When these reports began to circulate back home, Europeans became even more curious about this great civilization on the other side of the world.

Who founded the Ming Dynasty?

Ming Hong Wu or Zhu Yuanzhang

Were the Qing Dynasty accepted right away?

No, gradually

Textbook

Textbook

What lead after the fall of the Ming?

The overthrow of the Ming dynasty created an opportunity for the Manchus. They were a farming and hunting people. The forces of the Manchus conquered Beijing, and Li Zicheng's army fell. The victorious Manchus then declared the creation of a new dynasty called the Qing, meaning "pure."

What does "Lose your hair or lose your head." mean?

When some Chinese resisted their new rulers and seized the island of Taiwan, the Manchu government prepared to attack them. To identify the rebels, the government ordered all males to adopt Manchu dress and hairstyles. They had to shave their foreheads and braid their hair into a pigtail called a queue. Those who refused were assumed to be rebels and were executed: "Lose your hair or lose your head."

What is White Lotus Rebellion?

White Lotus Rebellion (1796-1804). The revolt was suppressed, but the expenses of war weakened the Qing dynasty.