MIS 160 Ch1

Describe each major component of a comprehensive CASE system. Is any component more important than any other?

- Diagramming Tools are the fundamental and indispensable component of a CASE Tool. Diagramming tools enable graphical representation. - Computer displays and report generators help prototype how systems "look and feel". - Analysis tools automatically check for consistency in diagrams, forms, and reports. - A central repository provides integrated storage of diagrams, reports, and project management specifications. - Documentation generators standardize technical and user documentation. - Code generators enable automatic generation of programs and database code directly from design documents, diagrams, forms, and reports.

List and explain the different phase in the SDLC

- Planning - an organization's total information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged - Analysis - system requirements are studied and structured - Design - a description of the recommended solution is converted into logical and then physical system specifications - Logical design - all functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any computer platform - Physical design - the logical specifications of the system from logical design are transformed into the technology-specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished - Implementation - the information system is coded, tested, installed and supported in the organization - Maintenance - an information system is systematically repaired and improved

Describe how CASE is used to support each phase of the SDLC

- Project identification and selection: Diagramming and matrix tools to create and structure information - Project initiation and planning: Repository and documentation generators to develop project plans - Analysis: Diagramming to create process, logic, and data models - Logical and Physical design: Form and report generators to prototype designs; analysis and documentation generators to define specifications - Implementation: Code generators and analysis, form and report generators to develop system; documentation generators to develop system and user documentation - Maintenance: All tools are used

How has systems analysis and design changed over the past four decade?

1950s: focus on efficient automation of existing processes 1960s: advent of procedural third generation languages (3GL) faster and more reliable computers 1970s: system development becomes more like an engineering discipline 1980s: major breakthrough with 4GL, CASE tools, object-oriented methods 1990s: focus on system integration, GUI applications, client/server platforms, Internet The new century: Web application development, wireless PDAs and smart phones, component-based applications, application service providers (ASP)

Object class

A logical grouping of objects that have the same (or similar) attributes and behaviors (methods)

System Development Methodology

A standard process followed in an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information system

Object

A structure that encapsulates (or packages) attributes and method that operate on those attributes. An Object is an abstraction of a real-world thing in which data and processes are placed together to model the structure and behavior of the real world object.

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

A traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems.

Rational Unified Process (RUP)

An object-oriented system development methodology. RUP establishes for phases of development: inception, elaboration, construction, and transition. Each phase is organized into a number of separate iterations.

Application Software

Computer software designed to support organizational functions or processD

When would you use Agile methodologies versus an engineering-based approach to development?

If your project involves: ¨ Unpredictable or dynamic requirements ¨ Responsible and motivated developers ¨ Customers who understand the process and will get involved

Explain what is meant by Agile Methodologies

Motivated by recognition of software development as fluid, unpredictable, and dynamic Three key principles - Adaptive rather than predictive - Emphasize people rather than roles - Self-adaptive processes

Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools

Software tools that provide automated support for some portion of the system development process

What are CASE tools?

Software tools that provide automated support for some portion of the systems development process - Diagramming tools enable graphical representation. - Computer displays and report generators help prototype how systems "look and feel". - Analysis tools automatically check for consistency in diagrams, forms, and reports. - A central repository provides integrated storage of diagrams, reports, and project management specifications. - Documentation generators standardize technical and user documentation. - Code generators enable automatic generation of programs and database code directly from design documents, diagrams, forms, and reports.

Rapid Application Development (RAD)

System development methodology created to radically decrease the time needed to design and implement information systems, RAD relies on extensive user involvement, prototyping, integrated CASE tools, and code generators

What is RAD?

System development methodology created to radically decrease the time needed to design and implement information systems, RAD relies on extensive user involvement, prototyping, integrated CASE tools, and code generators. More focus on user interface and system function, less on detailed business analysis and system performance

Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD)

Systems development methodologies and techniques based on objects rather than data or processes

What is object-oriented analysis and design?

Systems development methodologies and techniques based on objects rather than data or processes

Design

The 3rd phase of the SDLC in which the description of the recommended solution is converted into logical and then physical specifications

Implementation

The 4th phase of the SDLC in which the information system is coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization

Information Systems Analysis and Design

The complex organizational process whereby computer-based information systems are developed and maintained.

Maintain

The final phase of the SDLC in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved

Planning

The first phase of the SDLC in which an organization's total information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged.

System Analyst

The organizational role most responsible for the analysis and design of information systems.

Logical Design

The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which all functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any computer platform.

Physical design

The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which the logical specifications of the system from logical design are transformed into technology-specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished

Inheritance

The property that occurs when entity types or object classes are arranged in a hieracrchy and each enity type or object class assumes the attributes and methods of its ancestors, that is, those higher up in the hierarchy. Inheritance allow new but related classes to be derived from existing classes.

Analysis

The second phase of the SDLC in which system requirements are studied and structured

What is eXtreme Programming?

eXtreme Programming is an approach to software development put together by Beck & Andres (2004). It is distinguished by Short, incremental development cycles, Automated tests, Two-person programming teams, Coding, testing, listening, designing, Coding and testing operate together

What is information system analysis and design?

is a complex, challenging, and stimulating organizational process that a team of business and systems professional uses to develop and maintain computer-based information sytems