MIS 380- final Ngyuen

In MongoDB how is every student EXCEPT Larry selected?

$ne, "Larry"

How are blocks read with single-level index scan?

A scan reads all index blocks to find table blocks that contain selected rows. The table blocks are then read.

Which statement deletes City column from Supplier table?

ALTER TABLE Supplier DROP City;

A developer wishes to link to a database with a utility created in C. Which SQL component will he use?

API

In MySQL which of the following SQL operations always commits immediately?

CREATE

Which wide-column database has no single point of failure and is always reliable?

Cassandra

How are columns of a family stored within each row of wide column to optimize performance of read queries?

Contiguously

Transfer funds from checking to savings account, the ____ property ensures that changes made to each account will not be lost due to computer failure

Durability

What allows a programmer to create an SQL query with PREPARE statement at run-time?

Dynamic SQL

Which NoSQL database uses tables that consist of a key and a group of items?

DynamoDB

Which keyword helps complier identify embedded SQL statements in a program?

EXEC SQL

An org deploys computer processing power and storage through a cloud provider's

IaaS services

Which type is complex?

JSON

Elements of a _____ type can be repeated and are not ordered

MULTISET

What occurs when a distributed database experiences a network error and nodes cannot communicate ?

Network partition

What foreign key action should be added to ensure that if a supplier is removed from the table, the products associated with him are also removed?

ON DELETE CASCADE

A developer wants to create an application using the PHP language. What APIs can he use to interact with database?

PDO

Which of the following is NOT a replica type?

Query

What allows all executed database instructions to be rolled back and to be restored in prior transaction rate?

SAVEPOINT

What is a sequential order of database instructions for multiple transactions?

Schedule

In order to locate rows selected by a query, an index scan reads index blocks ______

Sequentially

Which table type interleaves rows of two or more tables in the same storage area?

Table clusters

A big data application generates about 20,000 data entries per second. This rate is called?

Velocity

what is an example of modern multi-tier architecture?

Web architecture

A No SQL database that represents data as a key with multiple values is called a?

Wide column

What database stores related data as column families?

Wide column

Which document type is most commonly used by document databases?

XML/ Json

The time required to read or write the first byte of data is known as

access time

A transaction ____ indicates the starting and ending statement of database transaction

boundary

Hash index entires are assigned to

buckets

Which is an example of database programming?

creating a web app using JAVA and SQL

What retrieves rows from a query that has multiple rows in the result set?

cursor

In Connector/Python, what method prevents SQL injection, a type of attack that causes a program to execute malicious sql statements?

cursor.execute( )

In MySQL spatial values ______ numeric values

must be converted to numeric values using spatial functions prior to comparing with

The sort column in a sorted table determines the _____ row order

physical

which term describes the meaning of an attribute value

qualifier

Due to infrequent updates, many distributed databases use a _____ catalog

replicated

What are vertices in a graph database similar to in a relational table?

rows

A magnetic disk groups data into?

sectors

A database _____ is a unit of work that is treated as a whole. It is either completed as a unit or failed as a unit.

transaction

A replicated database maintains at least _____ or more replicas on _____ storage devices

two, separate

when considering an attribute maximum which term represents when each attribute instance describes at most one entity instance?

unique

What represents entities in a database as a graph?

vertices

Data was not saved before a system was accidentally powered off. This data was located in

volatile memory

In primary/secondary replica update for a distributed database, secondary nodes are updated ____

with independent local transactions

How are attributes documented in an entity-relationship diagram?

within an entity rectangle

On an ER diagram , minima are usually specified as

zero or one

2 characteristics of am efficient bitmap index-

1. the database can quickly determine the block containing a table row from the index row number 2. Any indexed column contains relatively few distinct values.

In MySQL, a column has a SET type with 16 possible elements. How many bytes does each column value have?

2 (16/8)

How many bytes does POINT (18.5-20) require in internal MySQL format?

24

How many types are possible for elements of a JSON document?

6

What happens when primary replica fails in a document database?

A secondary replica becomes active

With column oriented storage, a block stores values for

A single column

Which is NOT true about the INSERT statement

A single insert statement can only add one row

Which database programming technique is commonly used with object-oriented programming languages?

API

What is fan-out for multi-level entries where index entires are 32 bytes and blocks are 10 kilobytes?

Approximately 300

Transfers funds from a checking acc to savings, if a debit is made successfully from the checking acc, the ____ property ensures that the corresponding credit is made to the savings acc.

Atomicity

Characteristic of hash structure in a key value database

Buckets are stored on different machines, enabling horizontal scaling.

When a key value database allows multiple values per key, how is each value identified?

By using a name for each value

what is the correct statement for creating a database called reservationDB?

CREATE DATABASEreservationDB;

A _______ constraint is used to define a column value that is not NULL when no value is provided

DEFAULT

What is the statement for deleting a database?

DROP DATABASE <databaseName>;

Statement from deleting table Supplier

DROP TABLE Supplier;

Which language defines statements used for creating and dropping tables?

Data Definition Language

Statement- is an example of which SQL sublanguages? SELECT ProductName FROM Product;

Data Query Language

In a PHP application using PDO, what consists of the host, port, and name of the database that will be used to establish a connection to the database?

Data source name

What is the difference between ENUM type and SET type?

Each ENUM value has exactly one element, each SET value can have many elements

Why are database queries commonly implemented using declarative programming language?

Easier programming and faster execution

Which required keyword specifies if the trigger will affect all rows of the table?

FOR EACH ROW

Which language is created specifically for graph databases?

Gremlin

A database admin configures replication for a distributed database. Which technique applies updates to any available node?

Group replication

Which table type might use the modulo function to scramble row locations?

Hash

____ is a recovery technique that creates a nearly synchronized backup of the primary database on another database server

Hot backup

Each vertex in a graph contains a pointer to all connected vertices

Index-free adjacency

What are the performance characteristics of a heap table?

Insert, delete, and update operations are optimized, but not read operations

A wide column database is similar to relational database EXCEPT

It does not support foreign keys and joins

Which graph combines a graph and relational database?

Layered graph

A _______ is a part of the concurrency system that monitors, grants, and releases locks

Lock Manager

Which technique can prevent other database administrators from doing concurrent transactions at the same time?

Locking

Correct WKT syntax for a polygon

POLYGON ( ( 0 0, 20 10, 10 20, 0 0 ) )

An org uses a database and app development tools through a cloud provider's ____ services

PaaS

Using a cloud-based database comes with risk. ____ is a regulatory risk.

Privacy

Which database programming technique is an extension of the SQL language that is typically used for database applications ?

Procedural SQL

What is an ISO standard that extends procedural SQL for use in stored procedures?

SQL PSM

A standardized spatial reference system is identified with a

SRID

Which isolation level prevents dirty, non-repeatable, and phantom reads?

Serializable

Which approach splits data across multiple systems?

Sharding

SQL

Structured Query Language

Entity Book includes- Paperback, hardcover, and digital. Attribute ChapterCount applies to both paper and hard but not digital. Digital has TextToSpeech attribute. Which entity type is digital?

Subtype

Which popular ER model diagramming convention for cardinality depicts "many" in a relationship?

Three lines, called crow's feet, at the end of the relationship

Valid relationship name-

Toys-Contains-Dolls

A recovery system should manage which 3 failure scenarios?

Transaction, system, and storage media failure

To run an embedded SQL, the complier?

Translates the SQL code to the host language first and then to an executable program

To fulfil data processing reqs in a growing transactional database, what scales up by increasing processing power of a limited number of systems?

Vertical scaling

For integrity purposes what does a distributed transaction require

all or no nodes to be updated in order to complete the transaction

MySQL stored JSON values as

an internal binary format

A database team plans the creation of a new database. During which phase does the team capture data requirements ?

analysis

Branches that are similar in length in an index hierarchy are

balanced

A user-defined type is defined in terms of a

base type

Elements can be nested in

both XML and JSON

Which MySQL component retains data blocks from storage in main memory for possible reuse?

buffer manager

What is converted into 0, 1 and M specifications during database design?

business rules

What does API define for applications in object-oriented languages?

classes

When working with multi-tables a column that is available in all interleaved tables is known as a?

cluster key

A _____ index is an index on a non-unique sort column

clustering

In PosgreSQL ARRAY type is an example of

collection type

A document database stores data as?

collections

Which characteristic is of a B-tree index but NOT a B+ tree index?

column values do not repeat at lower levels

In object-programming language, a class is like a _____, and an object is like a database_____

composite type, rows

A _____ is a rule enforced on a tables data

constraint

Which cONNECTOR/pYTHON cursor properties returns the number of items affected by a query?

cursor.rowcount

A buffer manager retains _____ from the _____ to reduce data access time

data blocks, file system

For reporting purposes, an org establishes a _________, which is separate from the operational database

data warehouse

In a ____ all transactions come to a halt and remain at a standstill until one of the transactions is aborted.

deadlock

Geographic data is

defined with reference to the surface of the earth

During database design an ER ____ and _____ are usually developed in parallel

diagram, glossary

An org has a main office and 3 satellite locations. Data specific to each location is stored locally in which configuration?

distributed

In a MongoDB shell what happens when a command without _id specified executes?

document is added to the collection with a generated _id

In the Entity-Has-Attribute relationship, what is a required attribute?

each entity instance has at least one attribute instance

Retailer is using a cloud-based transaction database and is experiencing sales fluctuations through the year. The ability for cloud resources to adapt to such change in utilization is called

elasticity

Which of the following is a set of things in entity-relationship modeling

entity

In the query processor layer, the query optimizer generates an

execution plan

Data warehouses should be refreshed periodically. To start, all data should be?

extracted to a temporary database

A column contains grades from 0 to 10, but a WHERE clause specifies values from 0 to 100. A ____ index can be used to modify the column values and process that queries.

function

A complex type

has a richer internal structure than a simple type

Which two paradigms to programming languages fall under?

imperative and declarative

Operational data changes ______ , while analytic data is updated _____

in real time, at fixed intervals

Operational data changes _______, while analytic data is updated _______

in real time, at fixed intervals

In some ER modeling conventions, _____ entities are called strong and ______ weak.

independent, dependent

When performing a search, which scan type is fastest?

index

Characteristic of logical index?

index does not change when a row moves to a new block

In an online bank app that transfers funds from a checking account to a savings account, the ______ property ensures that another transaction sees the transferred funds in one account or the other, but not in both, nor in neither

isolation

Distinguishing independent and dependent entities is an

iterative process

Which would be acceptable as key value database?

key= car make, value= Ford

UPDATE, SELECT, and ORDER BY are ___ in SQL statement

keywords

All spare parts belong to product. A product must exist before spare parts become available and when a product is removed, spare parts are also removed. What type of entity is product?

master entity

When creating an ER diagram, a dependency relationship is drawn with a arrow pointing to a

master entity

Greatest number of instances of one entity that can relate to a single instance of another entity?

maximum

a database designer interviews a sales team that will be using a new database. During the interview, the designer documents entities as ____, and relationships as ___ .

nouns, verbs

Paperback and hardcover books are mutually exclusive subsets of books. They ____ the supertype entity Book.

partition

What query in APIs is a term used when compiling happens before executing the query?

preparing

In a logical index, pointers to table blocks are replaced with _____ values

primary key

An app may use a _____ API, which in turn uses a ____ API to access unsupported data sources

primary, secondary

What does API define for applications written in procedural programming language?

procedure calls

What assigns documents to shards?

range function

In which isolation level can dirty reads occur?

read uncommitted

A document that sequentially writes all the database operations is knows as?

recovery log

An operational database contains tables in third normal form. This design reduces?

redundancy

MONEY is an example of a

semantic type

In _____ data, each element is named, and element types are not explicitly declared

semistructured

____ entities have many common attributes and relationships

similar

One goal of object-relational database technology is to

simplify database programming

When concurrently processing instructions, a shared memory computer works well with a common data set in a _____ memory space

single

In two dimensions, a minimum bounding rectangle is the

smallest rectangle aligned with the X- and Y- axes that contains a spatial value

The bottom level of a multi-level index is a

sorted single-level index

During database design, an entity with many optional attributes often becomes a ____ entity

supertype

Entities that share common attributes and relationships become part of a new ____ entity

supertype

A ______ is a type of UNIQUE constraint applied to two or more columns

table-level constraint

A relational database stores data as?

tables

When an entity relationship model diagram is implemented within SQL, entities typically become _____, and relationships typically become ____

tables, foreign keys

When a table is updated and the index block has no free space for a new index entry, what happens?

the block splits

Why would mysql.connector.connect( )throw out an exception in a Connector/Python Program?

the function was called with a username that does not have access to the database

Strict consistency is enforced in some document databases by directing read queries to?

the primary replica

A database system has a database called onlineShop. What is the result of a CREATE statement that tries to create onlineShop a second time?

the statement produces an error that database se already exists.

Which deadlock management technique automatically rolls back a transaction when a lock is not released in a fixed period of time?

timeout

What is the purpose of an entity synonym?

to reflect common name usage of entity

Which MySQL layer interacts directly with database users and administrators?

tools