MIS - 5 programming languages.
second gen (50's)
assembly language - low - uses mnemonics, acronyms to tell the computer what to do. - needs an ASSEMBLER to translate it back into machine language. -SECOND GEN COMPUTER USED ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE. (TRANSISTOR). Ex: SPARC. Pro's: more user friendly than machine. easy to develop, understand, and modify. Con's: Since it is machine dependent, the programmer also needs to understand the hardware.
first generation (40's)
machine language -low - uses binary - only language understood by computers - Programmers have to design their code by hand then transfer it to a computer by using a punch card, punch tape or flicking switches. - VACUUM TUBE TECH. FIRST GEN COMPUTERS. Pro's: executed quickly and efficiently by the CPU of computer system. It requires no translator to translate the code. It is directly understood by the computer. Con's: when an error occurs, the code is not as easy to fix. Code cannot be ported to other systems and has to be rewritten. It is hard to amend or find errors in a program written in the machine language.
fifth generation
natural language - closest to natural language. -translator programs to translate natural languages into a structured, machine readable form. - the programmer dictates how the solution should look, by specifying conditions and constraints in a logical manner, the computer is then free to search for a suitable solution. Most of the applicable problems solved by this approach can currently be found in the domain of artificial intelligence. ex: PROLOG. MERCURY, GOOGLE VOICE SEARCH. Pro's: This way, the user only needs to worry about what problems need to be solved and what conditions need to be met, without worrying about how to implement a routine or algorithm to solve them. Con's: still experimental. extremely complex and require a large amount of computer resources.
fourth gen (70's)
non-procedural language (application software) - very high -Do not need to tell the computer how to do something, only tell it what to do. These languages only care for the what of the program as opposed to how to get the results. --Application software: program which is more aligned towards the user/ provides you the output of any questions with the computer - word processing, or narrow, such as an organization's payroll program Ex: Payroll system, order processing system, Oracle, MS word. ex: SPSS, MATLAB. database queries, report generators, data manipulation, analysis and reporting, Pro's: those with less computer skills can use it. programmer friendly, support databases, support web-development. Con's: need more space in the memory of the computer system. executed at a slower speed by the cpu.
third gen (50's)
procedural language - high -uses common words rather than mnemonics. such as "add, sum". -in these languages, the programmer tells the program what and how to do it -uses a translator to convert the high level language (source code) into machine language -COMPILER to convert the ENTIRE CODE into machine readable language (BINARY) at ONCE. (C, C++, JAVA). -or uses an "INTERPRETER" to convert it back to a readable language; however, it only does a specific part not all of it. (BASIC, Perl). - FOURTH GEN. COMPUTERS USE THIS LANGUAGE. Pro's: user friendly. developed quickly. programmer friendly Con's: need to know lots of programming. A high-level language has to be translated into the machine language by a translator, which takes up time.