MIS Ch.4

Port

(sometimes referred to as a jack) the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit

Bus

allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other (data bus, address bus)

Processor

also called the central processing unit (cpu), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer

Docking Station

an external device that attaches to a mobile computer or device

Port Replicator

an external device that provides connections to peripherals through ports built into the device

Bay

an opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment

On a Notebook Computer, the ports are on the ____________________.

back, front, and/or sides

A processor chip generates heat, that could cause the chip to _____ ____.

burn up

Flash Memory

can be erased electronically and rewritten

USB Port

can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector

1

charge

The case of the system unit, sometimes called the _______, is made out of metal or plastic and protects the internal electronic components from damage

chassis

Expansion Slots

connect to expansion buses

Memory

consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the result of processing the data

Nonvolatile Memory

does not lose contents when power is removed, ex: ROM, flash memory, and CMOS

Inside of the System Unit

drive bay(s), power supply, sound card, video card, processor memory

Three Basic Types of RAM chips

dynamic RAM (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), and magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM)

On desktop personal computers, the _______ ________ and most storage devices are part of the system unit.

electronic components

Adapter Card

enhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals

The system unit on an Ultra Mobile PC, a smart phone, and PDA usually consumes the ______ ______.

entire device

On most notebook computers, including net books, the keyboard and pointing device often occupy the are on the _____ of the system unit, and the display attaches to the system unit by ______.

top; hinges

Other Types of Ports:

firewire port, bluetooth port, SCSI port, eSATA port, IrDA port, serial port, MIDI port

Drive Bay

typically holds disk drives

You Can Attach Multiple Peripherals using a single USB port with a _____ _____.

usb hub

Parallel Processing

uses multiple processors simultaneously to execute a single program or task

Binary System

uses two unique digits (0 and 1), bits and bytes

The location of the system unit on a Tablet PC _____ depending on the design of the Tablet PC

varies

The trend is toward a smaller _____ _____, or size and shape of the desktop personal computer system unit.

form factor

Additional Cooling

heat sinks, liquid cooling technology

All-In-One Desktop Personal Computer

houses the monitor and system unit in the same case

Massively Parallel Processing

hundred or thousands of processors

The System Unit Contains 2 Types of Memory

volatile memory and nonvolatile memory

The leading manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are _______ and _____.

intel and amd

Connector

joins a cable to a port

Memory Size is measured in ___________, ___________, _________, or __________.

kilobytes (KB or K); megabytes (MB); gigabytes (GB); terabytes (TB)

Volatile Memory

loses its contents when power is turned off, ex: RAM

_______ typically holds data waiting to be processed and instructions waiting to be executed

memory

Removable Flash Memory

memory cars, usb flash drives, PC cards/ express card modules

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

memory chips storing permanent data and instructions (firmware)

RAM chips usually reside on a _______ ________ and are inserted into _______ _______

memory module; memory slots

Types of Processors

multi-core, dual core, quad-core

0

no charge

The Amount of RAM necessary in a computer often depends _____________________________.

on the types of software you plan to use

Digital Signals

one of two states: on or off

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

Most current personal computers support ________.

pipelining

CMOS Technology

provides high speeds and consumes little power

The processors contain ______, that temporarily hold data and information.

registers

Peripheral

sound card and video card

Memory Cache

speeds the process of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data

The _______ ________ controls the timing of all computer operations.

system clock

Access Time

the amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory, measure in nanoseconds

Control Unit

the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer

Plug and Play

the computer automatically can configure adapter cards and other peripherals as you install them

Motherboard

the main circuit board of the system unit

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

the most widely used coding scheme to represent data

Word Size

the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time

Memory Stores 3 Basic Categories of Items

the operating system and other system software, application programs, and data being processed and the resulting info

Clock Speed

the pace of the system clock, and is measured in gigahertz (GHz)

Pipelining

the processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction

For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operation, ___________________________.

which comprise a machine cycle

Most computers are ________.

digital

Set of Operations of the Processor

Fetch, Decode, Calculate (Execute),Store

You should ______________________________ before you select a processor.

determine how you plan to use a new computer

A Smartphone might COmmunicate with a Notebook Computer using an ______ ______.

_IrDA port

Common Types of Expansion Buses:

_PCI bus, PCI express bus, accelerated graphics port, USB and firewire bus, PC card bus

Programmable Read-Only Memory chip (PROM)

a blank ROM chip that can be written to permanently (EEPROM can be erased)

System Unit

a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data

Expansion Slot

a socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card

Each location in Memory has an _________.

address

Computer Chip

contains integrated circuits

Analog Signals

continuous and vary in strength and quality

The Processor contains a ______ unit and an _______ ______ unit.

control; arithmetic logic

Bluetooth Wireless Port Adapter

converts a usb port into a bluetooth port