Mitosis
Explain the process of tissues cultures for cancer cells
- Cancer cells grow at an uncontrollable rate - Cancer cells grow multiple layers thick
Explain the process of tissues cultures using healthy cells
- Cell tissue is taken from a living organism - Cells divide and reproduce in the culture - Cells reproduce one thick layer and then stop reproducing
what is typical of cell reproduction when normal cells are reproduced in a petri dish from a tissue culture ?
- Cells reproduce only when there is room in the petri dish - Cells reproduce one layer thick and then stop reproducing
What is typical of cell reproduction when cancer cells are reproduced in a petri dish from a tissue culture ?
- Cells reproduce without limit - Cells reproduce with multiple layer - Cells reproduction never stops
What would happen to an organism if mitosis did not occur ?
- The organism would not grow - The organism would not produce new cells
What examples demonstrate growth of an organism as a result of mitosis ?
- a baby growing into a toddler - a seed becoming a plant
What examples show repair or replacement of damaged cells ?
- a scrape being healed - scars forming where a cut once belonged
During Telophase, what do chromatids reach ? The original prophase changes are what ?
- they reach the opposite ends of the cell - reversed
During the final stage of the cell cycle cytokinesis allows the cell to finish dividing creating ______ with ______ copies of DNA.
- two cells - identical
Cells undergo ____ to ____ mitotic divisions and then cease to reproduce (contact inhibition)
20 to 50
a cell structure made of DNA that gives the master instructions for the cell
Chromosomes
the process that divides the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of a cell, resulting into two identical cells containing their own DNA, nucleus, nuclear membrane, and plasma membrane - is not part of mitosis - divides the cytoplasm - results into two cells - is a different processes for plant and animal cells
Cytokinesis
After duplication, at what point does a cell become two cells with identical DNA ?
end of cytokinesis
Where does mitosis occur in ?
eukaryotic cells
An example of mitosis is a leaf....
growing
Eukaryotic Cells replicate for what ?
growth and development
What best describes the importance of mitosis to living organisms ?
growth and development
What occurs during G1 and G2 in the cell cycle ?
growth of the cell
Cells are removed from an original body and grown in a sterile environment called a _______.
medium
- Identify the phases of mitosis - sister chromatids line up along the middle of the cell
metaphase
After chromosomes are formed, during which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers by their chromosomes ?
metaphase
What is the end result of mitosis ?
one cell with two identical copies of DNA
- Identify the phases of mitosis - chromatin condenses into chromosomes and spindles begin to form
prophase
During what phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane, nucleolus, and nucleus dissolve ?
prophase
In which phase of mitosis are chromosomes first seen as a result of chromatin coiling ?
prophase
Scientists can use tissue cultures of cancer cells to ??
study medicines
- Identify the phases of mitosis - chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible
telophase
A biopsy of the cancer is taken from who ?
the patient
During Prophase, what happens to the nucleus, nuclear membrane, and plasma membrane ?
they begin to disappear and then chromosomes appear
What is the end result of cytokinesis from a cell under doing mitosis ?
two cells that have two identical copies of DNA
the third phase of mitosis in which centromeres are split apart and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
Anaphase
How do cancer cells grow ?
Rapidly and in multiple layers
what importance replaces damaged or dead cells
Repair
what importance allows organisms to grow
Growth
what importance creates new cells
Reproduction
G1: Gap phase (growth) S: Synthesis (DNA duplication) G2: Gap phase (growth)
Interphase
What occurs before mitosis ?
Interphase
What is the benefit to using tissue cultures with cancer patients ?
Medications can be tested on the cancer culture before being injected into the patient
the second phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes that were doubled become attached to the spindle fiber by their centromeres
Metaphase
the process of cell division by which exact copies of chromosomes are divided to create two daughter cells, each with a complete set of identical chromosomes
Mitosis
the first phase of mitosis in which the chromatin in the cell coils into chromosomes that can be seen
Prophase
identical halves of the chromosomes from the parent cell that are connected at the centromere after cell duplication but before cell division
Sister Chromatids
During Metaphase, what attaches to its own spindles
Sister chromatids
What would happen to skin cells if mitosis did not take place ?
Skin cells would die and not be replaced
What is used to study cell growth in healthy and cancer cells to answer questions about cell growth ?
Technology
the final stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids are separated and contain identical copies of DNA
Telophase
What is replaced during interphase ?
chromosomes
What happens when cells are not touching or when a cell dies ?
a new cell is produced
What is the purpose of interphase in the cell cycle ?
active growth and metabolism of the cell
- Identify the phases of mitosis - sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell
anaphase
What does a mistake in mitosis lead to ?
cancer cell growth
Mitosis can be seen as ??
cells grow one layer thick on the surface of the medium
