MMQ answers

Per serving, which of the following foods is the most energy-dense? (Chapter 01)

4-ounce chocolate doughnut; Foods that are nutrient-dense are high in nutrients and low in kcals (calories) when the nutrients and calories are compared. Nutrient Density = Amount of Nutrient / (divided by) Amount of Calories

If you consumed a total of 2200 kcals (Calories) per day and 25% came from fat, how many GRAMS of fat are you consuming? (Chapter 01)

61 grams: 2200 kcals x 0.25 (25% from Fat) = 550 kcals / 9 kcals per gram (in fat) = 61 grams

A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from ________. (Chapter 07)

Measles; Measles is an infections. Infections can enter the body as a result of skin breakdown or wounds. Infections can also become problematic if a person's immune system is weak. Protein is needed for healthy skin and tissue. Protein is also needed to make antibodies (part of the immune system) and fight infection and disease.

Which of the following statements is true? (Chapter 04)

Most enzymes have names that end with -ase. ASE = Enzyme OSE = Sugar

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving? (Chapter 01)

****Fat-free milk***: Foods that are nutrient-dense are high in nutrients and low in kcals (calories) when the nutrients and calories are compared. Nutrient Density = Amount of Nutrient / (divided by) Amount of Calories

You have decided to choose foods that are nutrient dense. One day, you go to the store for some orange juice. Which of the following is most nutrient dense? (Chapter 01) Brand A (84 mg of Vitamin C, 100 kcals) Brand B (97 mg of Vitamin C, 125 kcals) Brand C (80 mg of Vitamin C, 104 kcals) Brand D (90 mg of Vitamin C, 115 kcals)

Brand A; Solution (Nutrient Density = Amount of Nutrient / Total Kcals): Brand A = 84 mg Vitamin C / 100 kcals = 0.84 mg of Vitamin C per Kcal Brand B = 0.77 Brand C = 0.76 Brand D = 0.78

Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes, and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. For 18 months, the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants. According to the study's findings, the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes. This is an example of a(n) ________ study. (Chapter 02)

Case-Control: Case-Control studies compare a population with a 'case' (i.e. a medical condition) against a population who doesn't have the 'case' (a control group).

In a person with type 2 diabetes, the blood sugar level remains high after a meal because ________. (Chapter 05)

Cells do not respond to insulin; Insulin puts glucose into cells or into the liver (as glycogen) and helps lower blood sugar levels. Insulin resistance (where cells don't respond to insulin) is a characteristic of Type 2 diabetes.

In order for proteins to be used for energy, amino acids must be _____________ . (Chapter 07)

Deaminated; Deaminated = Amine group (nitrogen) is clipped off so that the remaining parts (Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen) can be converted to glucose and used as energy. This process is called gluconeogenesis.

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________. (Chapter 07)

Dehydration; Water is required to digest and deaminate extra protein (which would be used as energy or stored as fat).

A pound of body fat provides about ________ kcal. (Chapter 13)

FYI: Creating a 3500-calorie deficit by decreasing kcal (calorie) intake and/or increasing exercise won't necessarily result in a 1-pound weight loss. The body rarely does "math" the way we think it should.

Secretin (a hormone) is stimulated by the presence of acidic chyme in the small intestine and triggers the liver to secrete cholecystokinin (CCK) until chyme is neutralized. (Chapter 04)

False

A nutrient-dense diet provides lots of energy (kcals) in a small volume of food. (Chapter 01)

False: A nutrient-dense diet provides lots of nutrients in relation to kcals (calories).

Appetite is the uncomfortable physiological sensation that drives a person to consume food. (Chapter 13)

False; Hunger = A physiological (biological) need for food Appetite = A psychological desire for food

The term "appetite" describes a biological need for food. (Chapter 13)

False; Hunger = A physiological (biological) need for food Appetite = A psychological desire for food

Males generally have a HIGHER percentage of lean body mass than females and because of this, their BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) is LOWER

False; Males generally have a HIGHER percentage of lean body mass than females and because of this, their BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) is also HIGHER.

Which of the following hormones stimulates hunger sensations? (Chapter 13)

Ghrelin; Ghrelin is a 'hunger hormone' produced in the gut. Lack of sleep and food restriction are both associated with increased production of ghrelin.

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits. (Chapter 05)

Glucagon; Insulin is triggered by high blood sugar (i.e. after eating) and puts glucose into cells or into the liver (as glycogen) Glucogon is triggered by low blood sugar (i.e. in a fasting state) and puts glucose into the bloodstream (by dismantling glycogen in the liver)

Although the Body Mass Index (BMI) is at times useful for determining appropriateness of weight, it is not a perfect measurement as it fails to account for many other factors that affect health and weight. The BMI fails to take into account all of the following EXCEPT:

Height

Which of the following statements is true? (Chapter 04)

Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children

Omega-3 fatty acids ________. (Chapter 06)

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids (meaning that they have at least 2 double bonds). The first double bond occurs at Carbon #3.

An online magazine article about weight-loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual. The faulty information is an example of... (Chapter 02)

Pseudoscience = Fake Science

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ________ study. (Chapter 02)

Retrospective; Retrospective studies look back in time to identify factors that are associated with a certain outcome.

What happens to carbohydrates and proteins when their intakes exceed the body's energy needs? (Chapter 13)

They are converted to triglycerides and stored in adipose cells; The metabolic fate of any macronutrient (carbohydrates, lipids, and protein) that is consumed in excess is energy storage in the form of adipose tissue (body fat).

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ________. (Chapter 13)

Weight themselves only once a month; Among other things, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ________. Weigh themselves relatively often (once a week) Exercise for at least 60 minutes daily Eat breakfast daily Increase fruit and vegetable intake