Mod 24 Multiple Choice

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to dissociation. viral infections. night terrors. sleep apnea. insomnia.

viral infections

After two nights without sleep, which of the following can be expected? An increase in night terrors Narcolepsy REM rebound Manifest content dreams Sleep apnea

REM rebound

Brain regions that are active as rats learn to navigate a maze show similar activity patterns again as the rats later experience hypnagogic sensations. NREM sleep. REM sleep. neuroadaptation. dissociation.

REM sleep

Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through parallel processing. neuroadaptation. dissociation. hypnagogic sensations. REM sleep.

REM sleep

Daniel Kahneman and his colleagues found that the daily moods of working women were most heavily influenced by a good night's sleep. weather conditions. their ability to purchase luxury goods. dissociative episodes. job security.

a good night's sleep

Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams strengthen our memories of the preceding day's events. are triggered by random bursts of neural activity. reflect one's level of cognitive development. prepare us for the stress and challenges of the following day. represent both latent content and manifest content.

are trigged by random bursts of neural activity

Sleep deprivation can lead to weight gain, reduced muscle strength, suppression of the cells that fight common colds, and most likely which of the following? Increased feeling of well-being Sleep apnea Depression Decreased mistakes on homework Increased productivity

depression

Sleep deprivation has been shown to reduce hypertension. diminish immunity to disease. increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks. decrease narcolepsy. decrease tolerance and increase withdrawal.

diminish immunity to disease

One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain. dreaming sleep apnea hypnagogic sensations night terrors near-death experiences

dreaming

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia? Avoid caffeine during the evening. Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime. Avoid taking short naps during the day. Drink a glass of milk 15 minutes before bedtime. Awaken at the same time every day even if you have had a restless night.

drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime

Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time. increase; increase stay the same; stay the same increase; decrease decrease; decrease decrease; increase

increase;decrease

Research indicates that the percentage of total sleep spent in REM sleep is higher in ________ than in ________. infants; adults older adults; adolescents females; males higher economic classes; lower economic classes artists; scientists

infants;adults

Which of the following dream theories states that dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories? Neural activation Neural disconnection Wish-fulfillment Physiological function Information-processing

information-processing

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from sleep apnea. night terrors. aphasia. insomnia. narcolepsy.

sleep apnea

Obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders? sleep apnea sleepwalking night terrors insomnia sleep talking

sleep apnea

Shortly after falling asleep, and hundreds of times during the night, Paola wakes up after a loud "snore" of breath, because she has stopped breathing. With which sleep disorder would she most likely be diagnosed? Sleep apnea Nightmares Insomnia Narcolepsy Night terrors

sleep apnea

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving periodic uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness. the excessive use of sleeping pills or other sleep-inducing drugs. hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating weightlessly. the cessation of breathing during sleep. screams and panic during deep sleep.

the cessation of breathing during sleep

Which of the following is true of night terrors? They are typically accompanied by a state of temporary muscular immobility or paralysis. They are usually recalled vividly for days following their occurrence. They jolt the sleeper to a sudden state of full waking alertness. They typically occur during NREM-3 sleep. They involve the temporary inability to breathe.

they typically occur during NREM-3 sleep

Prior to age 9, children's dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor. This best illustrates that the content of dreams reflects children's manifest content. night terrors. cognitive development psychological dependence. latent content.

cognitive development

Some researchers suggest that the brain activity associated with REM sleep provides the sleeping brain with periodic stimulation. This finding supports which of the following dream theories? wish-fulfillment developmental information-processing physiological activation-synthesis

physiological

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why most dreams are realistic portrayals of pleasant life events. people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep. some people experience insomnia throughout their lives. individuals with sleep apnea are unable to recall any of their dreams. dreams typically express unacceptable feelings in a symbolically disguised form.

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.

Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia? Be sure to sleep later than usual once you do get to sleep. Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime. Eat a big dinner late in the evening so you'll feel drowsy at bedtime. Relax with a drink of your favorite alcoholic beverage just before bedtime. Engage in some form of vigorous physical exercise shortly before bedtime.

Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime.

The occurrence of REM rebound supports the notion that as people grow older they need to spend progressively more time dreaming. dreams help to solidify our memories of daytime experiences. dreams represent unconscious wishes and anxieties. dreams are triggered by random bursts of neural activity. humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep.

humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep.

Sigmund Freud believed that a dream's _____ content reflected the deep, underlying meaning of the dream. dissociative manifest latent circadian cognitive

latent

The lack of the neurotransmitter orexin has been linked to which of the following? insomnia narcolepsy sleep apnea sleepwalking paradoxical sleep

narcolepsy

Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that most dreams are pleasant, exotic, and unrelated to ordinary daily life. men are less likely than women to report dreams with sexual overtones. hypnosis increases the amount of time we spend in NREM sleep, which interferes with dreams. people are more likely to dream of failure than of success. the genital arousal that occurs during sleep is typically related to sexual dreams.

people are most likely to dream of failure than of success

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds complete REM rebound more often. spend less time in NREM-1 sleep. spend more time in paradoxical sleep. complete the sleep cycle more slowly. spend less time in deep sleep.

spend less time in deep sleep

People with sleep apnea do not recall being awake and gasping for air, then falling back to sleep. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon? Anything that happens during the 5 minutes just before we fall asleep is typically lost from memory. The free radicals produced during sleep weaken unused neural connections and affect memory formation. Activity in the limbic system is inhibited during REM sleep. Dreams that occur during NREM sleep are rarely recalled. The hormone orexin, which is lacking in such patients, hinders the consolidation of memory.

Anything that happens during the 5 minutes just before we fall asleep is typically lost from memory.

Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________. NREM-3 sleep; NREM-2 sleep REM sleep; NREM-3 sleep NREM-2 sleep; NREM-1 sleep delta waves; alpha waves narcolepsy; sleep apnea

REM sleep; NREM-2 sleep

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation? paradoxical sleep theory social influence theory Freud's dream theory dissociation theory activation-synthesis theory

activation-synthesis theory

As a participant in a sleep-research study for the past three nights, Tim has been repeatedly disturbed during REM sleep. Tonight, when allowed to sleep undisturbed, Tim will likely experience insomnia. dissociation. an increase in REM sleep. an increase in NREM sleep. sleep apnea.

an increase in REM sleep

Sleeptalking may occur during NREM-1 sleep any stage of sleep NREM-3 sleep NREM-2 sleep REM

any stage of sleep

Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from hypnagogic sleep. insomnia. paradoxical sleep. sleep apnea. night terrors.

insomnia

According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to its accompanying brain-wave pattern. its underlying but censored meaning. the story line of our dreams. the previous day's events that prompted the dream. the sensory stimuli in the sleeping environment that are incorporated into the dream.

its underlying but censored meaning

Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josef's unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. According to Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible ________ content of Josef's dream. circadian latent manifest delta dissociated

latent

According to Freud, the personally threatening and censored meaning of a dream is its social influence. hallucinatory content. dissociated content. latent content. manifest content

latent content

Greg remembered a recent dream in which his girlfriend suddenly grabbed the wheel of his speeding car. Greg's therapist suggested that the dream might be a representation of the girlfriend's efforts to avoid sexual intimacy. According to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal the ________ of Greg's dream. circadian rhythm manifest content NREM cycle neuroadaptation latent content

latent content

The emotional tone of our dreams is especially likely to be influenced by activation of the ________ during REM sleep. sensory cortex pineal gland MDMA area limbic system frontal lobes

limbic system

As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Inge's account represents the ________ content of her dream. hypnagogic manifest latent hallucinatory paradoxical

mainfest

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content. manifest paradoxical dissociated latent delusional

manifest

Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream. manifest latent paradoxical delusional dissociated

manifest

The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that sexual tension is naturally discharged during REM sleep. most dreams are psychologically meaningless. manifest content often replaces latent content in NREM dreams. most mammals experience REM rebound. the disruption of REM sleep leads to narcolepsy.

most mammals experience REM rebound.

Which of the following sleep disorders would have the most negative impact for a commercial bus driver? narcolepsy sleepwalking night terrors sleep apnea insomnia

narcolepsy

About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from sleep spindles. insomnia. night terrors. sleep apnea. narcolepsy.

night terrors

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote sleep apnea. obesity. withdrawal. night terrors. insomnia.

obesity

REM rebound involves the tendency for REM sleep periods to become increasingly longer and more frequent as a normal night of sleep progresses. unusual symptoms of tiredness and irritability that follow periods of REM sleep deprivation. increase in REM sleep that characteristically follows intense learning episodes or stressful daytime experiences. tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation. replacement of REM sleep with NREM sleep.

tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.

After suffering a trauma, people commonly report an increase in threatening dreams. latent content. the hollow face illusion. sleep apnea. narcolepsy.

threatening dreams