Modern genetics Test #2

Carries protein building blocks to ribosomes: a. DNA b. Messenger RNA c. Transfer RNA d. ATP

c. Transfer RNA

A portion of a DNA molecule is represented by: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

a. 1

The molecule that produces chromatids when it replicates is represented by: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

a. 1

Which nucleotide contains a nitrogenous base that pairs with thymine in double-stranded DNA? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

a. 1

Which combination represents a single nuclotide? a. 1, 2, 4 b. 2, 3, 4 c. 1, 6, 7 d. 4, 5, 7

a. 1, 2, 4

The symbol labeled 3 represents a moleucle of a a. 5-carbon sugar b. 6-carbon sugar c. 3-carbon sugar d. 4-carbon sugar

a. 5-carbon sugar

Two nitrogenous bases that could combine by forming hydrogen bonds are represented by letters: a. A and D b. B and C c. A and E d. C and D

a. A and D

The parts on the diagram that together represent a nucleotide are: a. A, B and C b. B, C and D c. A, C and D d. A, B and D

a. A, B and C

A double stranded molecule that contains instructions for the manufacture of cell protein: a. DNA b. Messenger RNA c. Transfer RNA d. ATP

a. DNA

Replicates prior to mitosis: a. DNA b. Messenger RNA c. Transfer RNA d. ATP

a. DNA

Contains the nitrogenous base thymine a. Deoxyribonucleic acid b. messenger ribonucleic acid c. Ribosomal ribonucleic acid d. Transfer ribonucleic acid

a. Deoxyribonucleic acid

Based on structure, in what way do DNA molecules differ from RNA molecules? a. RNA contains the base uracil; DNA does not contain uracil b. DNA is composed of two chains of nucleotides; RNA is composed of three chains of nucleotides c. RNA is helical; DNA is branched d. DNA is composed of four different bases; RNA is composed of three different bases

a. RNA contains the base uracil; DNA does not contain uracil

Which event must occur if a nucleus containing this molecule is to undergo normal mitosis? a. Weak hydrogen bonds at 5 break and the molecule replicates. b. Bonds at 4 and 6 break and bases relocate c. Weak hydrogen bonds at 7 break and new sequences of bases are formed d. Bonds at 2, 4 and 5 break and new nucleotides are synthesized

a. Weak hydrogen bonds at 5 break and the molecule replicates.

Letter E most likely represents: a. an amino acid other than alanine b. an enzyme molecule c. a ribose molecule d. a nucleotide building block

a. an amino acid other than alanine

The association between the ribosome and the messenger RNA molecule occurs in the a. cytoplasm b. centrosome c. nucleolous d. nucleus

a. cytoplasm

A change in the normal nitrogenous base sequence of a DNA molecule is known as a: a. gene mutation b. nondisjunction c. hybridization d. segregation

a. gene mutation

Which is a technique of genetic research in which genetic information is transformed from cells of one organism to cells of another organisim? a. genetic engineering b. population genetics c. amnicentesis d. chromatography

a. genetic engineering

This process is useful in producing: a. insulin and human growth hormone b. artificial hearts and kidneys c. organ transplants d. identical frogs

a. insulin and human growth hormone

DNA and RNA molecules are similar in that they both contain: a. nucleotides b. a double helix c. deoxyribose sugars d. thymine

a. nucleotides

A genetic disorder caused by homozygous combination of recessive mutant genes that may result in mental retardation is: a. phenylketonuria b. sickle-cell anemia c. color blindness d. hemophilia

a. phenylketonuria

During the process represented in the diagram, messenger RNA becomes associated with structure number 9. This structure most likely represents a: a. ribosome b. mitochondria c. nucleolus d. centrosome

a. ribosome

Letter D represents a cytoplasmic organelle knowns as a: a. ribosome b. chloroplast c. nucleolus d. mitochondria

a. ribosome

The function of transfer RNA molecules is to: a. transport amino acids to messenger RNA b. transport amino acids to DNA in the nucleus c. synthesize more transfer RNA molecules d. provide a template for the synthesis of messenger RNA

a. transport amino acids to messenger RNA

According to the paragraph, continued use of insulin from other animals may cause harmful side effects in some people. a. true b. false c. not enough information is given

a. true

According to the paragraph, under certain conditions bacteria reproduce at a rapid rate: a. true b. false c. not enough information is given

a. true

A portion of a messenger RNA molecule is represented by: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2

PKU is a disorder that results from the inability to synthesize a single enzyme necessary for metabolism of phnylalanine. It is most easily detected in newborns by: 1)Karyotyping 2) Urinalysis 3)Blood Analysis 4)Amniocentesis a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2

Which structure pairs with the adenine nucleotide during the formation of messenger RNA? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2

An RNA nucleotide could be constructed by combining the molecules represented by the letters: a. A, E and F b. B, C and F c. B, C and E d. A, B and D

b. B, C and F

Which process takes place before mitosis occurs in a cell containing this DNA? a. Hydrogen bonds at 6 break and one double-stranded DNA molecule results. b. Hydrogen bonds at 5 break and two double stranded DNA molecules are synthesized c. Covalent bonds at 2 and 6 break and one double stranded DNA molecule results d. Covalent bonds at 4 break and two double stranded DNA molecules are synthesized

b. Hydrogen bonds at 5 break and two double stranded DNA molecules are synthesized

Which DNA strand below represents the complementary base sequence to the portion of DNA strand ATCGTA? a. GCATCG b. TAGCAT c. ATCGTA d. CATGAC

b. TAGCAT

A DNA molecule with the base sequence AGCTCA was used as a template for the synthesis of a messenger RNA molecule. Which base sequence correctly represents the corresponding portion of this RNA molecule? a. TCAGCA b. UCGAGU c. AGCUCA d. ATGACT

b. UCGAGU

If structure number 7 of the DNA molecule in the diagram were to code structure number 8 of the messenger RNA what would the first six letters in the code of the messenger RNA be? a. TGCAGG b. UGCAGG c. ACGTCC d. UCGUGG

b. UGCAGG

Proline, methionine and aspartic acid represent three types of: a. fatty acids b. amino acids c. ribosomes d. mitochondria

b. amino acids

The sequence of nucleotides in DNA is responsible for the biochemical reactions in cells, since this sequence determines the arrangement of: a. fatty acids in lipids b. amino acids in enzymes c. monosaccharides in starches d. organelles in cells.

b. amino acids in enzymes

The sequence of nucleotides on the RNA molecule was determined by the: a. sequence of nucleotides on transfer RNA molecules b. base sequence of the original DNA molecule that served as the template c. sequence of amino acids that will be linked together to form a polypeptide chain d. base sequence of the original messenger RNA molecule that served as a template

b. base sequence of the original DNA molecule that served as the template

The letter X represents two nitrogenous bases that are: a. identical and joined by hydrogen bonds b. complementary and joined by hydrogen bonds c. identical and joined by ionic bonds d. complementary and joined by ionic bonds

b. complementary and joined by hydrogen bonds

After the complete hydrolysis of this molecule, the structure labeled 3 in the diagram would be identified as: a. glucose b. deoxyribose c. ribose d. phosphate

b. deoxyribose

According to the paragraph, the bacteria used in these experiments are normally found only in the nerve tissue of humans a. true b. false c. not enough information is given

b. false

A change which affects the base sequence in an organisms DNA by the addition, deletion or substitution of a single base is known as: a. DNA replication b. gene mutation c. chromosomal mutation d. independent assortment

b. gene mutation

Which laboratory procedure has made possible the development of bacteria that can synthesize human insulin? a. karyotyping b. genetic engineering c. amniocentesis d. screening of body fluids

b. genetic engineering

Carries information from the nucleus of a cell to its cytoplasm: a. Deoxyribonucleic acid b. messenger ribonucleic acid c. Ribosomal ribonucleic acid d. Transfer ribonucleic acid

b. messenger ribonucleic acid

Cosmic, X-rays, ultraviolet rays, and radiation from radioactive substances may function as: a. pollinating agents b. mutagenic agents c. plant auxins d. animal pigments

b. mutagenic agents

A change that alters the base sequence in an organisms DNA is called a: a. synapsis b. mutation c. disjunction d. replication

b. mutation

Which factor would most likely alter a stable gene pool? a. large population b. nondisjunction c. hybridization d. no mutations

b. nondisjunction

The building blocks of both DNA and RNA molecules are known as: a. amino acids b. nucleotides c. hydrocarbons d. polysaccharides

b. nucleotides

Which terms best describe most mutations? a. dominant and disadvantageous to the organism b. recessive and disadvantageous to the organism c. recessive and advantageous to the organism d. dominant and advantageous to the organism

b. recessive and disadvantageous to the organism

Gene mutations occur in plant and animal cell nuclei when: a. the hydrogen bases separate during replication b. the base sequence in DNA is changed c. ribose is substituted for deoxyribose in RNA d. cytosine in DNA is replaced by phosphorus in RNA

b. the base sequence in DNA is changed

Which nitrogenous bases tend to pair with each other in a double stranded molecule of DNA? a. adenine-uracil b. thymine-adenine c. cytosine-thymine d. guanine-adenine

b. thymine-adenine

Knowledge of the structure of DNA is important in the study of life because DNA: a. stores food b. transmits genetic information c. transmits chemical energy d. stores enzymes

b. transmits genetic information

Which two techniques would most likely be involved in the prenatal detection of Down's syndrome? 1)Karyotyping 2) Urinalysis 3)Blood Analysis 4)Amniocentesis a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3 c. 1 and 4 d. 1 and 3

c. 1 and 4

Which pair of nucleotides can be held together by weak hydrogen bonds? a. 1 and 3 b. 2 and 3 c. 3 and 4 d. 4 and 2

c. 3 and 4

The sequence of nitrogenous bases that are represented by X, Y and Z are: a. TUC b. UCG c. AGC d. ATC

c. AGC

Deoxyrobiose and ribose could be represented by: a. A b. B c. C d. E

c. C

Which cell activity must occur in order for the normal sequence of events in mitosis and meiosis to take place? a. translocation b. nondisjunction c. DNA replication d. RNA replication

c. DNA replication

The base sequence of strand II is most likely a. C-A-C-T-G-G b. GGTCAC c. GTGACC d. GTGUCC

c. GTGACC

The base sequence of strand II is most likely a. CACTGG b. GGTCAC c. GTGACC d. GTGUCC

c. GTGACC

Which statement best describes a cloned popluation? a. It is usually produced by sexual reproduction b. the individual organisms usually have varying DNA sequences c. There are usually no variations in genotypes d. Individuals usually show a variety of phenotypes

c. There are usually no variations in genotypes

The model of DNA represented in the diagram was developed by a. Hardy and Weinberg b. Miller and Fox c. Watson and Crick d. Weismann and Lamarack

c. Watson and Crick

A change in the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule is known as: a. bacterial transformation b. a chromosomal replication c. a gene mutation d. protein synthesis

c. a gene mutation

Letter B most likely represents: a. nuclear DNA b. Transfer RNA c. messenger RNA d. Protein

c. messenger RNA

Within which organelles have genes been found? a. food vacuoles b. contractile vacuoles c. mitochondria d. cell walls

c. mitochondria

The cloning of cells involves the process of: a. meiotic cell division b. fusion of gametes c. mitotic cell division d. formation of spores

c. mitotic cell division

in a living system, the structure of an enzyme is determined by the sequence of: a. phosphate groups in RNA b. ribose molecules in RNA c. nitrogen bases in DNA d. deoxyribose molecules in DNA

c. nitrogen bases in DNA

According to the paragraph, Bacteria other than E.coli are unable to produce insulin: a. true b. false c. not enough information is given

c. not enough information is given

According to the paragraph, transplanting genetic material into bacteria is a simple task: 1. true 2. false 3. not enough information is given

c. not enough information is given

The genetic material in living organisms is composed of organic molecules known as: a. starches b. lipids c. nucleic acids d. fatty acids

c. nucleic acids

The substance being synthesized in the cell is most likely a: a. fat b. vitamin c. polypeptide d. carbohydrate

c. polypeptide

The sequence of bases in one strand of a DNA molecule is arranged in the order adenine-guanine-thymine-cytosine. the sequence of the bases in the complementary strand is: a. adenine-cytosine-thymine-guanine b. guanine-adenine-cytosine-uracil c. thymine-cytosine-adenine-guanine d. cytosine-thymine-guanine-adenine

c. thymine-cytosine-adenine-guanine

The transfer of a section of one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome is known as: a. synapsis b. deletion c. translocation d. disjunction

c. translocation

The presence of which nitrogen base indicates that the molecule associated with the ribosome is RNA? a. guanine b. cytosine c. uracil d. adenine

c. uracil

The greatest number of different kinds of nitrogenous bases that could be represented in this section of DNA is: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

d. 4

When replication occurs a double-stranded molecule of DNA separates between: a. 1 and 4 b. 2 and 3 c. 3 and 7 d. 5 and 6

d. 5 and 6

Which is the correct identification of the parts of the DNA nucleotide in the diagram below? a. A=uracil, B=deoxyribose, C=thymine b. A=phosphate B=ribose C=uracil c. A=thymine, B=ribose, C=uracil d. A=phosphate, B=deoxyribose, C=thymine

d. A=phosphate, B=deoxyribose, C=thymine

Provides energy for biochemical reactions: a. DNA b. Messenger RNA c. Transfer RNA d. ATP

d. ATP

The group of atoms represented by the symbol labeled 1 is also present in molecules of a. glucose b. uracil c. H20 d. ATP

d. ATP

The messenger RNA codon for methionine is: a. TAC b. UAC c. ATG d. AUG

d. AUG

At which point would hydrogen bonding between two nitrogenous bases normally occur? a. A b. B c. C d. D

d. D

In recombinant DNA technology, a piece of DNA from one organism is joined to the DNA of another organism. What may result from further work with this altered DNA? a. Cytoplasmic organelles may be transferred from one cell to another b. The structure of a nucleotide may be changed c. Messenger RNA molecules may not be necessary for protein synthesis d. New genes may be introduced into an organism

d. New genes may be introduced into an organism

Carries amino acids to cell organelles known as ribosomes: a. Deoxyribonucleic acid b. messenger ribonucleic acid c. Ribosomal ribonucleic acid d. Transfer ribonucleic acid

d. Transfer ribonucleic acid

Sickle-cell anemia results from the substitution of one base for another in a DNA molecule. This change is an example of: a. crossing over b. nondisjunction c. a polyploid condition d. a gene mutation

d. a gene mutation

The messenger RNA genetic codes for 3 different amino acids are: UUU=phenylalanine GCU= alanine GGU=glycine Using the information, the strip of messenger RNA shown in the illustration would result in an amino acid sequence consisting of: a. phenylalanine-alanine-glycine b. alanine-glycine-glycine c. alanine-glycine-phenylalanine d. alanine-phenylalanine-glycine

d. alanine-phenylalanine-glycine

Which molecules are composed of units known as nucleotides? a. DNA molecules only b. messenger RNA molecules only c. transfer RNA molecules only d. both DNA and RNA molecules

d. both DNA and RNA molecules

A normal bacterial cell carries on the chemical reaction shown. A certain mutant bacterial cell cannot produce substance B. The mutation was most likely the result of a change in the : a. ribosome on which enzyme X is made b. ability of the DNA to replicate c. amino acid sequence of RNA d. gene that codes for enzyme X

d. gene that codes for enzyme X

The replication of a double-stranded DNA molecule begins when the strands separate at the: a. phosphate bonds b. ribose molecules c. deoxyribose molecules d. hydrogen bonds

d. hydrogen bonds

The letters on the DNA and transfer RNA molecules represent: a. phosphates b. nucleic acids c. 5-carbon sugars d. nitrogenous bases

d. nitrogenous bases

Scientists have been able to synthesize insulin, interferon and human growth hormone through work with: a. gametogenesis b. ribosomal induction c. RNA hydrolysis d. recombinant DNA

d. recombinant DNA

Transfer RNA molecules pick up amino acids which are free in the cytoplasm and carry them to: a. lysosomes b. chromosomes c. nuclei d. ribosomes

d. ribosomes

Specific proteins produced in a cell are directly related to the: a. number of mitochondria in the cell b. type of ribosomes in the cell c. sequence of sugars and phosphates in the cell d. sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of the cell

d. sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of the cell

In which hereditary disease do the abnormal hemoglobin molecules differ from normal hemoglobin molecules by only a single amino acid? a. hemophilia b. albinism c. phnylketonuria d. sickle-cell anemia

d. sickle-cell anemia

The technique shown in the diagram represents: a. amniocentesis b. the formation of a karyotype c. animal cloning d. the formation of recombinant DNA

d. the formation of recombinant DNA

Which compound carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to specific sites of protein synthesis? a. adenosine triphosphate b. deoxyribose nucleic acid c. messenger RNA d. transfer RNA

d. transfer RNA

A codon is composed of: a. 20 amino acids in a polypeptide b. 3 bases on messenger RNA that specify an amino acid c. 3 bases on a transfer RNA molecule d. 30 nucleotides that comprise a gene

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All of the following are components of mRNA EXCEPT a. thymine b. uracil c. guanine d. ribose

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DNA is found in: a. most cells in our body b. our reproductive cells only c. the cytoplasm only d. female gametes only

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GTAGTAGGTAGT The complimentary strand of DNA for the strand shown above would be: a. TGCTGCTTGCTG b. CATCATCCATCA c. UGCUGCUUGCUG d. CAUCAUCCAUCA

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GTAGTAGGTAGT The mRNA that could be transcribed from the strand shown above would be: a. TGCTGCTTGCTG b. CATCATCCATCA c. UGCUGCUUGCUG d. CAUCAUCCAUCA

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GTAGTAGGTAGT The sequence of tRNA anticodons that would be specified by the mRNA that was transcribed from the strand shown above would be: a. GUA GUA GGU AGU b. GTA GTA GGT AGT c. ACG ACG AAC GAC d. GUT GUT GGU TGU

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If a DNA code is ACT, then the mRNA code is: a. TGA b. GTC c. TUA d. UGA

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Plasmids are: a. ring shaped segments of DNA b. chromosomes c. disease-causing bacteria d. restriction enzymes used in genetic engineering

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Proteins are composed of: a. ribose and phosphate b. amino acids c. nucleic acids d. glucose molecules

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Replication is the process by which: a. DNA molecules are duplicated b. RNA molecules are duplicated c. DNA serves as a template for RNA d. proteins are synthesized

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The code of DNA is determined by: a. the sequence of deoxyribose sugars b. the sequence of nitrogenous bases c. the sequence of ribose units d. the size of the molecule

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The function of a restriction enzyme is to: a. synthesize proteins b. manufacture DNA c. cut open DNA d. form a mutagenic agent

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The genetic code of DNA in the nucleus reaches the cytoplasm by way of: a. amino acids b. messenger RNA c. ribosomal RNA d. transfer RNA

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The mitochondria and chloroplast both have: a. DNA b. the ability to manufacture food c. the ability to survive outside of cells d. enzymes necessary for cellular respiration

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The number of cytosine units in a DNA molecule is the same as the number of units of a. adenine b. guanine c. thymine d. uracil

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The process shown above is: a. transcription b. protein synthesis c. replication d. regulatory gene control

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Transcription is the process by which: a. DNA molecules are duplicated b. RNA molecules are transferred to polypeptides c. DNA serves as a template for RNA d. ribosomal RNA escapes from the nucleus

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Two differences between DNA and RNA are: a. they type of sugar and the number of phosphate groups b. base composition and the shape of the phosphate group c. they type of sugar and the shape of the molecule d. the shape of the molecule and the presence of cytosine

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Where in the cell does transcription occur? a. nucleus b. ribosomes c. endoplasmic reticulum d. centrioles

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Where in the cell does translation occur? a. nucleolus b. nucleus c. cell membrane d. cytoplasm

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Which of the following is a nucleotide of DNA? a. ribose + phosphate + tymine b. ribose +valine + guanine c. deoxyribose + phosphate + cytosine d. deoxyribose + phosphate +uracil

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Which of the following refer to the structures that are both composed of RNA? a. 1 and 2 b. 3 and 5 c. 4 and 5 d. 5 and 6

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Which of the following refers to a polypeptide? a. 1 b. 2 c. 5 d. 6

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Which of the following statements about gene mutation is correct? I. They can involved just a single base II. Only those that occur in the gametes may be passed on to the offspring. III. They can only be caused by mutagenic agents. a. I only b. II only c. I and II d. I, II, and III

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Which of the following teams of scientists proposed the double helix model of DNA? a. Jacob and Monod b. Avery and Macleod c. Watson and Crick d. Wilkens and Franklin

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