Module 1: Atoms & Elements
22)The mass number represents the number of particles in the __________and is equal to the number of protons + the number of neutrons.
# particles in the nucleus *mass # = # protons + neutrons*
10)Look up the chemical symbol for each element in the list below. Learn the CORRECT spelling of each element and the associated chemical symbol.
*See element flashcards*
3)A pure substance is matter that is made up of only one ________ of substance. a.An ____________ is the simplest type of matter because it is made up of only one ________ of _________. b.An atom is the ___________ unit of matter that keeps its unique characteristics. c.A ___________ is a pure substance made of _______ or more elements ______________ joined together.
1 type of substance a. element is the simplest type of matter... made up of only 1 type of atom b. smallest unit c. a compound is a pure substance made of 2 or more elements chemically joined together (ex: NaCl)
27)What is the atomic mass of hydrogen?___________ a.There are three isotopes of hydrogen, 1H, 2H, 3H. Which isotope of hydrogen do you suspect would be the most abundant?_________
1.00794 most abundant isotope? ^1H or H-1
28)What is the atomic mass of carbon? ______________ a.There are two stable isotopes of carbon, 12C and 13C. Which isotope of carbon do you suspect would be the most abundant?
12.0107 most abundant isotope? ^12C
26)Atomic Mass: To obtain a convenient mass to work with, chemists use the mass of an "average atom" of each element. Look at the periodic table, the number located under the element is the atomic mass which is a "weighted" average of the mass of all of the naturally occurring isotopes of that element. a.A sample of naturally occurring Magnesium is: 78.7% ^24Mg: 10.1% ^25Mg: 11.2% ^26Mg: *solve for the atomic mass.*
78.7% ^24Mg: *24 • .787 = 18.888* 10.1% ^25Mg: *25 • .101 = 2.525* 11.2% ^26Mg: *26 • .112 = 2.912* *Atomic Mass:* 18.888 + 2.525 + 2.912 = *24.325 amn*
chemical properties
C.F.C.C.T.R. Cranberries Feel Creative Cuddling T. Rexes - chemically inert - flammable - combustible - corrosive - tarnishes - rust (oxidizes)
17)The atom is composed of three basic particles—protons, neutrons, and electrons. The following table summarizes the properties of these subatomic particles. NAME, CHARGE, MASS, LOCATION Proton (+1) (~1 mass) Neutron (0) (~1 mass) Electron (-1) (~0 mass) Where are these located??
Proton - in nucleus Neutron - in nucleus Electron - outside nucleus (very small, little weight)
physical properties
T.O.C.M.B.S.S.T.D. Tallahassee Orthopedic Clinic My Brother Stays Studying The Dinosaur - temperature - odor - color - melting point - boiling point - sublimation point - solubility - taste - density
14)Label which are physical properties (P) and which are chemical properties (C). a.Battery acid corrodes metal battery terminals. b.Copper is an excellent conductor of electricity. c.Chlorine is a pale green gas. d.Gasoline is very flammable and thus open flames must be avoided. e.Silver jewelry tarnishes in air slowly over time to form a gray coating. f.Iodine sublimes to a purple gas upon heating. g.Gasoline evaporates quickly when it hits hot pavement. h.Composting of vegetable waste produces excellent fertilizer for gardens.
a. C b. P c. P d. C e. C f. P g. P h. C
7)Select the correct symbol for each. a.Calcium: C Ca CA b.Sulfur: S Sl Su c.Iron: Ir FE Fe
a. Ca b. S c. Fe
9)Label whether the following denote an *element (E) or a compound (C)* and whether the formula denotes an atom (A) or a molecule (M) Formulas: a. Ne b. I2 c. HNO3 d. S6 e. CH3CO2H f. CO g. Co
a. E b. C c. C d. C e. C f. C g. E
13)Physical vs. Chemical Properties a.Physical Properties are those characteristics of a material that depend only upon the material itself. These properties can be ascertained ___________ changing the __________ of the substance. b.Chemical Properties are those characteristics of a material that relate to how the substance ____________. These properties __________the identityof the substance.
a. ascertained *without changing the identity* of substance b. how substances interacts; these properties *change the identity* of substance
24)An atom has 14 protons and20 neutrons. a.Its atomic number is:____ b.Its mass number is:____ c.The element is:____
a. atomic # = 14 b. mass # = 34 c. element is Si
18)Identify each statement as describing a 1) proton, 2) neutron, 3) electron a.Found outside the nucleus_____ b.Has a positive charge_____ c.Is neutral_____ d.Found in the nucleus_____
a. electrons b. proton c. neutron d. protons and neutrons
5)Identify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture: a.Hot fudge sundae ______________________________ b.Shampoo ______________________________ c.Sugar water ______________________________ d.Peach pie ______________________________
a. heterogeneous b. homogenous c. homogeneous d. heterogeneous
4)Identify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture: a.Pasta and tomato sauce ______________________________ b.Aluminum foil ______________________________ c.Helium ______________________________ d.Air ______________________________
a. mixture b. pure substance c. pure substance d. mixture (air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen...)
8)Select the correct name for each symbol. a. N: neon nitrogen nickel b. P: potassium phlogiston phosphorus c.Ag: silver agean gold
a. nitrogen b. phosphorus c. silver
1)All elements are listed individually on the periodic table of the elements. a.The rows on the periodic table are ____________, and the columns are ____________. b.Groups are numbered across the top of the periodic table; periods are numbered down the left side. c.Metals are on the _______ and nonmetals are on the_________. The two are separated by a staircase-shaped line. d.The letters are the __________ ___________ and represent the name of each element. e.For many elements, the symbols are derived from the name of the element. f.Some symbols are derived from Latin: i. Sodium (natrium) = ii.Gold (aurum) =
a. rows are periods; columns are groups b. N/A c. metals on left, nonmetals on right d. the letters are the chemical symbol e. N/A f. sodium (natrium) = Na Gold (aurum) = Au
2)A mixture is a combination of two or more substances. a.A mixture can be _______________ into its different components. b.A HOMOgeneous mixture is one whose composition is the _______ throughout. c.A HETEROgeneous mixture is one whose composition is _____ uniform but ______ throughout. Different parts of the mixture are visible.
a. separated b. same throughout (HOMO = same) (ex: salt water) c. not uniform but varies throughout (HETERO = different) (ex: chicken soup)
6)Identify each of the following elements as 1) metal, 2) nonmetal, 3) metalloid a.Sodium _____ b.Chlorine_____ c.Silicon_____ d.Iron_____ e.Carbon_____
a.Sodium - metal b.Chlorine - nonmetal c.Silicon - metalloid d.Iron - metal e.Carbon - nonmetal
atomic # = ? = ?
atomic # = # protons = # electrons
19)The atomic number is specific for each element and appears ABOVE the symbol of an element in the periodic table. The atomic number is the same for _______ atoms of an element and is equal to the number of _______________ in an atom.
atomic # is same for *ALL* atoms of an element and is *equal to # of protons*
12)Elements & health: a.Several elements are essential for human health. b.Those needed in the largest quantity are __________, hydrogen, ____________, and nitrogen, which make up most biological molecules. c. _________________ are needed in quantities greater than 100 mg per day. They include sodium, ______________, potassium, _________, and chlorine. d._________________ are needed in quantities less than 100 mg per day. They include iodine, fluorine, _______, and other elements.
b. needed in largest quanitity - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen c. *Macronutrients* are needed in quantities *greater than 100 mg* per day.... include sodium, *magnesium*, potassium, *calcium*, and chlorine d. *Micronutrients* are needed in quantities *less than 100 mg* per day....include iodine, fluorine, *iron*, & other elements
21)A single atom of an element is electrically ____________; the net charge of an atom is __________. In order for this to be true there has to be an equal number of protons and electrons. a.Number of ________________ = number of _______________
electrically *neutral*; net charge of atom is *zero* a. Number of *protons* = number of *electrons*
6)A chemical symbol is the chemist's "letter of the chemical alphabet." Each symbol is a shorthand notation for a different ____________. a.A symbol may be comprised of a _________ capital letter (e.g. carbon = C, nitrogen = N) or two letters, a capital letter followed by a _______ case letter (e.g. iron = Fe,Magnesium = Mg) b.A chemical formula is the chemist's "word." The ___________ denote how ______ of each type of atom are present (e.g. H2O = _____ hydrogen + _____ oxygen)
element a. symbol may be comprised of a *single* capitla letter (carbon = C) or two letters, a capital letter followed by a *lowercase* letter (iron = Fe) b. *subscripts* denote how *many* of each type of atom are present (e.g. H2O = *2* hydrogen + *1* oxygen)
5)Identify the following regions of the periodic table. a.Metals i.All except ___ and ____are solid at room temperature ii.(However, in a warm room, Cs and Ga are liquids) iii.Lustrous iv._____________& ductile v. Good conductors of heat & electricity vi.Named Groups: Transition Metals, Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals
i. Hg & Br ii. N/A iii. N/A iv. Malleable v. N/A vi. N/A
Metalloids (semi-conductors) i.All are solids: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po ii.Most have a _________appearance. iii.______________ iv.Poor ____________________of heat & electricity v.Semiconductors of electricity when "mixed." This is important in solid state electronics for making chips where some areas do ______conduct electricity and __________areas _____.
i. N/A ii. silvery appearance iii. Brittle iv. poor conductors v. important for in manufacturing electronics in which some areas *do not* conduct electricity and *other areas do*
b.Nonmetals i.At room temp, 11 _________, 1 liquid, 5 solids ii.Solids and liquid have ______colors; gases are colorless or pale in color iii.Brittle iv._______conductors of heat & electricity v.Named Groups: Halogens, Noble Gases
i. gases ii. deep colors iii. N/A iv. Poor conductors v. N/A
1)Matter can be broadly classified as a _________ or a _______ _____________. a.Mixtures are classified as _________________ or __________________. b.________ substances are classified as elements or compounds.
mixture or a pure substance a. homogeneous or heterogenous b. pure
Mass # = ________________ + __________________
protons + neutrons
25)Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers. They have the ________number of ___________, but _______________numbers of _____________. a.A nuclear symbol represents a particular _________of an element. It gives the mass number in the upper left corner and the atomic number in the lower left corner. The atomic number is sometimes dropped, since it can be determined from element symbol. b. .... c.Naturally occurring carbon consists of three isotopes, 12C, 13C, and 14C. State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of the following.
same # of protons, but different # of neutrons a. isotope of an element b. N/A c. 12C , 13C , 14C ------------------- P: 6 , 6 , 6 N: 6 , 7 , 8 E: 6 , 6 , 6
