Module 1: Climate and Meteorology

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resources

Materials found in the Earth that people need and value

cumulus

a collection of objects laid on top of each other

atmosphere

a distinctive but intangible quality surrounding a person or thing

Law of Conservation of Matter

a fundamental principle of classical physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system

stratus

a large dark low cloud

drought

a long period without rain

cryosphere

a term referring to all water that is temporarily frozen in polar ice caps, snow, permafrost, and glaciers

cirrus

a wispy white cloud (usually of fine ice crystals) at a high altitude (4 to 8 miles)

mean

an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n

latitude

an imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the equator

nimbus

an indication of radiant light drawn around the head of a saint

properties

characteristics used to describe a substance

accurate

conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing with total accuracy

altitude

elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface

hurricanes

fierce tropical storms with strong winds

radiosonde

instrument package carried by a weather balloon to record conditions at a higher altitude

geophysical

of or concerned with geophysics

solar radiation

radiation from the sun

symbol

something visible that by association or convention represents something else that is invisible

forecasts

statements of what is coming; predictions

pollution

the act of contaminating or polluting

composition

the act of creating written works

model

the act of representing something (usually on a smaller scale)

energy budget

the amount of energy available to heat the earth's land, water, and air

thermosphere

the atmospheric layer between the mesosphere and the exosphere

stratosphere

the atmospheric layer between the troposphere and the mesosphere

water cycle

the continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back

meteorology

the earth science dealing with phenomena of the atmosphere (especially weather)

transpiration

the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants

precipitation

the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist)

troposphere

the lowest atmospheric layer

weather

the meteorological conditions: temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

runoff

the occurrence of surplus liquid (as water) exceeding the limit or capacity

exosphere

the outermost atmospheric layer

condensation

the process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state

evaporation

the process of extracting moisture

biosphere

the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist

infiltration

the slow passage of a liquid through a filtering medium

geosphere

the solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle

convection

the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion

conduction

the transmission of heat or electricity or sound

hydrosphere

the watery layer of the earth's surface

climate

the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

mesophere

third layer of the atmoshpere

tornadoes

violent, spiraling winds that move in a narrow path over land.

greenhouse effect

warming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere

groundwater

water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers

composition of earth's atmosphere

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen

radiation

(medicine) the treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to radiation from a radioactive substance

front

(meteorology) the atmospheric phenomenon created at the boundary between two different air masses

molecule

(physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound


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