Module 12 - Culture, Gender, and Other Environmental Influences - Online

3 years old

Baby Nicole should understand masculine and feminine gender roles by the time she is ____ old.

It led to even deeper mysteries

According to evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, what was the ultimate result of Isaac Newton's explanation for how rainbows occur?

What is the selection effect and how might it affect a teen's decision to join sports teams at school?

Adolescents tend to select similar others and to sort themselves into like-minded groups. For an athletic teen, this could lead to finding other athletic teens and joining school teams together.

evocative

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are at very high risk for physical abuse. This is because the hyperactivity is a(n) _____ trait.

genetic predisposition

Evolutionary psychologists attribute the human tendency to fear of snakes and heights to:

How does the meaning of gender differ from the meaning of sex?

Sex is your biological status, defined by your chromosomes and anatomy. Gender is the culture's expectations of what it means to be a man or a woman as well as biological traits

interdependent

dependent on one another; mutually dependent

male answer syndrome

men are more likely than women to hazard answers rather than admit they don't know

tend and befriend

under stress, people often provide support to others and bond with and seek support from others

nature; nature and nurture

Sex is to _______ as gender is to _______

During early childhood

A good time to teach children another language is:

The rats in the enriched environment will have significantly larger cerebral cortex

A local high school is running an experiment with a colony of infant rats. Half of the infant rats are isolated in barren cages and the other half live together in an enriched environment with lots of rat toys and exercise equipment. What would the expected outcome be at the end of the school year?

What are gender roles, and what do their variations tell us about our human capacity for learning and adaptation?

Gender roles are social rules or norms for accepted and expected female and male behaviors. The norms associated with various roles, including gender roles, vary widely in different cultural contexts, which is proof that we are able to learn and adapt to the social demands of different environments.

In what two ways does biology influence gender?

Genetically (males and females have differing sex chromosomes) and physiologically (males and females have differing concentrations of sex hormones, which trigger other anatomical differences.

How do people in individualist and collectivist cultures differ?

Individualists give priority to personal goals over group goals and tend to define their identity in terms of their own personal attributes. Collectivists give priority to group goals over individual goals and tend to define their identity in terms of group identifications.

seven; puberty

Prenatal sexual development begins about ______ weeks after conception. Adolescence is marked by the onset of ______

evolutionary

Some psychologists have explained gender differences in aggression by arguing that because females are more likely to suffer bodily injury in a physical confrontation, they tend to opt for relational aggression. This statement is MOST closely consistent with the _____ perspective in psychology.

How does the biospsychosocial approach explain our individual development?

The biopsychosocial approach considers all the factors that influence our individual development; biological factors (including evolution and our genes, hormones, and brain), psychological factors (including our experience, beliefs, feelings, and expectations), and soical-cultural factors (including parental and peer influences, cultural individualism or collectivism, and gender norms).

Brain cells normally devoted to vision died or were diverted to other uses

The musician Stevie Wonder has been blind since shortly after birth. Even if his vision was restored by a miracle surgery, he probably would NOT get his eyesight back because:

A transsexual individual is generally also transgender

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between transsexualism and transgenderism?

role

Your neighbors have three children and both parents work. Without fail, whenever there is a sick child in the family, the expectation is that the mother will stay home to care for the child. The mother is fulfilling a set of expectations called a gender:

Culture

_______ refers to the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next