Module 14. Infancy and Childhood

__________ is a cognitive concept concerning the integration of new information into an existing schema of ideas.

Assimilation

The importance of schemas was MOST clearly highlighted by:

Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory.

_____ is the orderly sequence of biological growth.

Maturation

It is not recommended that infants sleep on their ________.

stomach

Baby June is now 8 months of age. Her mother has noticed that, lately, June has become extremely fearful of unfamiliar people. June is displaying _____ anxiety.

stranger

Beginning at around 8 months of age, infants may become fearful around unfamiliar people. This is called _____ anxiety.

stranger

Five-year-old Ling is beginning to show signs of being able to plan ahead in a somewhat rational manner. At her age, this development is likely due to:

neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes.

A game of peekaboo with his dad excites Warren during the first 6 months of his life because Warren actually thinks his dad has disappeared. This is because Warren lacks:

object permanence

A game of peekaboo with his dad excites William during the first 6 months of his life because William actually thinks his dad has disappeared. This is because William lacks _____.

object permanence

Nature is to nurture as _____ is to _____.

maturation; experience

After Nadia learned that penguins cannot fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This BEST illustrates the process of:

accommodation

Hailey's parents demand her strict obedience; back talk is not tolerated. Isabella's parents are firm as well, but are more likely to reason with her and explain the consequences of her behavior. In Baumrind's terms, Hailey's parents are _____; Isabella's are _____.

authoritarian; authoritative

With respect to parenting style, coercive is to confrontative as _____ is to _____.

authoritarian; authoritative

Deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of another person's state of mind are MOST characteristic of _____ disorder.

autism spectrum

Kelly is 11 months of age and just began crawling. This is likely a result of Kelly sleeping on her:

back

Baby Jacquie eats and sleeps on a regular schedule. She is quickly soothed when she cries. Jacquie appears to have a(n) _____ temperament.

easy

Clay is hiding under his blanket so that he is invisible. He believes that if he cannot see his parents they cannot see him. Clay is demonstrating:

egocentrism

Mike is watching a Disney movie with his son Jason. Jason likes the movie so much that he becomes excited and stands in front of the television. Mike asks Jason to move so that he can see the television. Jason doesn't move. Jason is demonstrating:

egocentrism

Rebecca takes her 1-year-old son, Adam, to visit an infants and toddlers program in which she hopes to enroll him. Adam appears very anxious and is unwilling to explore and play with the toys, even though Rebecca is close by. When Rebecca leaves the room to fill out some forms, Adam becomes extremely upset and remains inconsolable. When Rebecca returns, Adam stays close to her, holding onto her pant leg. However, Adam makes it very clear he does not want her to touch him or pick him up. Which term BEST describes Adam's attachment style?

insecure

Harry Harlow and his colleagues completed a number of studies in which baby macaque monkeys were raised with two artificial surrogate mothers. One of the mothers was made of wire, and the other was made of soft cloth. Either mother could provide food. Harlow was interested in which of the mothers the infant monkeys would seek out when they were startled or frightened. In these studies the dependent variable was the:

surrogate that the infant monkey preferred when it was startled.