Module 2 Units 4-6

what does ASD look like in adolescence?

-Period of transition to adulthood -Onset of anxiety and depression

DLD incorporates

-Salient problems in language -Biological cause of language disorder is unknown -individuals for whom no other label is appropriate

What is the most common preventable disorder of intellectual disability

Fetal alcohol

What is the prevelance of non-specific ID?

-5% of the school-age population

What is the etiology of ID? How is diagnosis made?

-Cause of ID is often unknown -Diagnosis is made on behavioral characteristics

what does asd look like in adulthood?

-Challenges in relationships -Finding or keeping a job -Independent living: driving, housing, managing finances, leisure

What is Colorado's incidence of autism?

1 in 101 children (or 9.9 per 1,000 8-year-olds) Identified around 4 years of age (National Average)

What are some environmental factors? What are some personal factors?

Environmental factors -- teachers involved in the life of the child, parent support system, lack of response to intervention, poor room acoustics) Personal factors -- temperament, ability to cope, health, income, SES

A DLD is

a language disorder not associated with a biomedical condition.

What are the diagnostic requirements of autism?

-Deficits in Social Communication -Presence of Restricted & Repetitive Behaviors

Key linguistic characteristics of DLD with respect to form, content, and use

-Form: syntax, morphology -Omission of morphosyntactic markers of grammatical tense in spontaneous speech -Errors in grammatical forms in older children -Children are inconsistent in use of grammatical knowledge

What are signs to look for in the toddler/infant for autism?

-Subtle differences in motor development - Attention -Interest in objects -Joint attention -Imitation -Intentional communication -Reduced eye contact -Social interest -Word learning -Gesture use

What is the criteria for ADHD?

-Symptoms must be present for at least 6 months -Onset before 12 years of age -Symptoms present in two/more contexts -Symptoms significantly impact everyday activities categories of observation: uInattention Hyperactivity/Impulsivity

what is the national incidence of autism?

1 in 68 children (CDC, 2014) à as of March 2017 à1 in 42 boys and 1 in 189 girls

What are 2 possibilities as far as language characteristics of non-specific ID?

1. language & communication do not go hand-in-hand with non-verbal abilities 2. language skills are in line with non-verbal mental age

What are the reason for the 'rise"

1.Changes in diagnostic criteria 2.Increased awareness 3.Increased supports 4.The way prevalence is measured

what are some conditions associated with ASD?

1.Social Pragmatic Disorder 2.Nonverbal Learning Disability

what is the incidence and prevalence of ADHD?

5% to 7% of school-age children Boys : Girls - 3:1

What are adaptive behaviors and the three parts that fall under this?

Adaptive behavior comprises skills of daily living relative to cultural group . -Conceptual skills -Social skills -Practical skills

Is autism a rare condition?

As of January 2018, the diagnostic rates have stabilized. It is not a rare condition any more.

What does spectrum mean?

Characteristics can range from minimal challenges to severe challenges in any one or more of these areas: -Social communication -language -Restricted & Repetitive interests - functioning - learning, memory, executive functioning skills - & Sensory -Literacy

What are some conceptual characteristics of IDs?

Conceptual · Slow language development (children learn to talk later, if at all) · Slow development of pre-academic skills · Difficulties in academic learning (reading, writing, mathematics) & functional use of academics · Difficulty understanding concepts of time and money · Problems with abstract thinking (concrete approach to problem solving) · Difficulties in executive function (i.e., planning, strategizing, priority setting, cognitive flexibility) · Problems with short-term & working memory

ADHD is a disorder of compliance true or false

False

What are symptoms of ADHD?

Inattention Poor attention & concentration Distractibility Poor organizational skills Difficulty completing tasks without supervision Hyperactivity Impulsivity: Fidgety Always on the go Interrupting Talking incessantly Acting without thinking

How would you describe a language disorder when another medical condition occurs?

Language disorder with Xbiomedical condition

What are the range of skills in autism for verbal skills

Minimally verbal to some verbal abilities to Highly verbal No reading / writing to teachable to hyperlexic to literate Severe behavioral challenges to manageable to minimal Motor skills to usually spared, but can have some challenges Sensory issues mild to severe Memory and executive functioning skills - planning, organizing, time management to mild to severe challenges

What is the difference between naturalist and normative methods of assessment?

Naturalist methods involve assessment tests. They would see if there is a discrepancy between non-verbal IQ and language subsystems to determine eligibility. Normative are functional assessments? Normative position stresses that language disorders must involve a significant deficit relative to environmental expectations

What are the three descriptive approaches to assessment and intervention of language disorders?

Three important factors/tenets include: 1.Etiology of the language disorder 2.Child's language skills are important (other skills like attention, memory impact performance) 3.Developmentally appropriate goals and materials

What are three models of cognitive language disorders?

X Auditory processing X Limited processing capacity X Procedural deficits

Key characteristics of DLD content include_______

X Content: semantics, vocabulary knowledge, knowledge of objects and events X impoverished vocabularies throughout development X Require more exposure to learn novel words X As children get older the problem becomes what they know about words (e.g., that words can have more than one meaning)

Key linguistic characteristics of DLD with respect to pragmatics

X Pragmatic skills are considered to be immature rather than qualitatively abnormal, as in the case of ASD X They have difficulty understanding and applying pragmatic rules

What are some diagnostics issues in DLD?

X Subtypes X Lack of agreement on terminology around subgroups X Diagnostic cutoffs X Often cutoff scores for eligibility are mandated by school districts, but these are arbitrary X Children with DLD often have uneven profiles of language skills and deficits

What are some diagnostics issues related to eligibility criteria of DLD?

XConsider a child's language development relative to chronological age, and the child's overall level or cognitive ability or "mental age" X In measuring mental age, use cognitive tests that do not involve the production or understanding of speech X Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA Amendments of 1997, public law 105-17) stipulates that services be determined on an individual basis

What are the error characteristics of DLD in phonology

XPersistent phonological errors XDifficulty in phonological processing

Developmental language disorder (DLD) is defined as ____________

a language disorder not associated with a known biomedical etiology

Describe the functional impact of a disorder

financial, social, emotional, relationships, academic, adaptive

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a ___________________

framework for describing and organizing information on functioning and disability. It provides a standard language and a conceptual basis for the definition and measurement of health and disability.

what are th cause of autism

genetic, neurogical, environmental

Body structure and function are described by

impairments (mental function of language -- expressive, receptive

activities are described as

limitations (morphosyntax, phonemic awareness, story narration)

participation is described as a

restriction (ease of making friendships, joint attention, conversation with peers)

Expressive refers to the ability to generate _________sentences that follow the appropriate _____________ of conversation (be a competent speaker)

semantically correct grammatical; pragmatics

Language disorder refers to a profile of language deficit

that causes functional impairment in everyday life

Receptive refers to

the ability to comprehend what is said (be a competent listener)

What are 3 genetic disorders associated with ID?

williams, downs, fragile x

What are some social characteristics of IDs

´ Limitations in language and communication skills · More concrete and less complex spoken language (if used), compared with peers · Limited vocabulary and grammatical skills · Receptive language that may be limited to comprehension of simple speech and gestures · Communication that may occur through non-spoken means only—such as gestures, signs, facial expressions, and other forms of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) ´ Social Skills · Immature social judgment and decision making · Difficulty understanding peer social cues and social rules Emotional and behavioral regulation difficulties that may adversely affect social

What are some practical characteristics of IDs

· Personal care · Complex tasks (e.g., shopping, transportation, care organization, meals, money management) · Employment · Health care and legal decisions · Household tasks · Recreational skills

How do we identify ID?

•Adaptive functioning Assessment •Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales - III IQ Assessment WISC-5, DAS, Woodcock-Johnson test of cognitive abilities

What are some characteristics of fetal alcohol system

•Delayed speech and language skills, particularly syntax, with relative strengths in vocabulary and language comprehension •Difficulties with articulation, fluency, and oral motor skills •Prolonged unintelligible speech, particularly in connected speech •Social interaction and pragmatic difficulties similar to those associated with ASD

How id ID identified? Reasons it is identified this way?

•Determined based on adaptive functioning NOT IQ scores •Reasons: -Adaptive functioning determines level of supports required. -IQ scores are not reliable and less valid at the lower end of the range.

What are the roles of diagnostic categories?

•Diagnostic labels may be necessary to secure SLP services and educational support •Classifications help identify priorities for assessment and intervention •In order to understand what clinical and education reports mean, need to understand the diagnostic categories

Define mild, moderate, sever and profound ID by numbers

•Mild à 55 - 70 •Moderate à 40 - 55 •Severe à 25 - 40 •Profound à < 25 85% are mild, 10% moderate, 5% severe, 1% profound

What are other characteristics of fetal alcohol

•Sensory disturbances •Attention issues •Psychological tendencies - anxiety •Social emotional challenges - can become explosive suddenly •Poor judgment and common sense •Poor executive functioning •Poor theory of mind •Language related literacy challenges

What are some of the characteristics of non-specific ID?

•Slower developmental pace to same-age peers

What is the defintion of ID?

•typically require impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning -Onset occurs before 18 years of age