Module 3 Section B: The Internet

The internet is based on a US government project called _________

Advanced Research Projects Agency

When connected to a network, your computer can receive an address from _______

DHCP

Addresses are assigned by ________________ servers

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

The Internet's supply of ___ addresses ran out in 2011.

IPv4

_________ addresses are 32 bits long, whereas ________ addresses are 128 bits long, providing billions and billions of possible addresses

IPv4, IPv6

An IP address that contains 84a3 would be ___

IPv6 address

Internet Exchange points

ISPs exchange data at Internet exchange points (IXPs)

IPv4

Internet Protocol version 4); is the Internet address standard; uses 32-bit addresses to identify Internet connected devices

IPv6

Internet Protocol version 6. Identifies hosts using a 128-bit address. IPv6 is expressed as eight groups of four hexadecimal characters (numbers and letters), such as this: FE80: 0000:0000:0000: 20D4:3FF7:003F:DE62.

IP

Internet Protocol. The main delivery system for information over the Internet

Networks that form a(n) topology. Networks that form the Internet are maintained by __________________ that offer access to consumers.

Internet service providers

___ IP addresses are not routable over the Internet.

Private

____________ IP address cannot be routed over the internet and are usually assigned to devices within LANs. Because it is difficult to remember IP addresses, the __________ name system allocates easy-to-remember domain names

Private, domain

___ and UDP are two of the main protocols used to transport data over the Internet.

TCP

What is the top-level domain in www.nike.com ?

.com

ARPANET

A defense-related computer network that was the precursor to the internet.

Which of the following dedicates a communication channel to each data transmission?

Circuit-switched network

Which data transport protocol includes robust error-checking?

TCP

DNS spoofing

Unauthorized changes to the DNS

The Internet ___ is a system of high-capacity routers and fiber-optic communication links

backbone

Tier 1 networks form the internet ___________, a system of high capacity routers and fiber-optic communication links arranged in a(n) _________ topology

backbone, mesh

The Internet uses ___ switching technology to route data from many different messages over a single communication channel.

packet

The primarily role of ICANN is to

supervise Internet address assignments

Internet service providers

supply routers and other data communication equipment, as well as physical and wireless channels to carry data

Domain name

the part of a network address that identifies it as belonging to a particular domain.

What's the purpose of the domain name system?

translate domain names into IP addresses

A local network's router uses an address ___ table to keep track of private IP addresses

translation

static IP addresses

when a device is assigned a static IP address, the address does not change

DHCP

(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) A set of rules that allow network client computers to find and use the Internet address that corresponds to a domain name.

ICANN

(Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) organization that supervises interest addressing

TCP

(Transmission Control Protocol) is responsible for dividing files into chunks, adding headers containing information for reassembling packets in their original order, and verifying that the data was not corrupted while in transit

UDP

(User Datagram Protocol) is faster than TCP but does not perform error checking and cannot reorder packets if they are received out of order.

Internet infrastructure

The way networks fit together

_________ -level domains include .com and .edu. The servers that track these names are avulnerable point in Internet security.

Top

Internet backbone

a system of high-capacity routers and fiber-optic communication links providing the main routes for data speeding across the Internet.

communication port

a virtual end point for data entering and leaving a digital device

private IP addresses

can be allocated by any network without supervision from ICANN

Packet Switching

divides a message into several packets that can be routed independently to their destination

IP addresses that are temporarily assigned are called ________ addresses, whereas permanent ones are called _______ addresses

dynamic, static

The ARPANET was _____________

essentially a pilot program for what later became the Internet

Circuit Switching

establishes a dedicated, private link between one telephone and another for the duration of a call

Today, the internet is a collection of networks, tied together by common ____________

infrastructure

Internet governance

simply a set of shared protocols, procedures, and technologies that evolve through common agreement among network providers

Communication ports ___

simulate the dedicated circuits that exist on circuit-switching networks

dynamic IP addresses

internet addresses that are temporarily assigned

packet

is a "parcel" of data that is sent across a computer network

The Internet backbone

is maintained by ISPs

domain name servers

maintain lists of all domain names and their corresponding IP addresses

Domain Name System (DNS)

mechanism for tracking domain names and their corresponding IP addresses

Files are divided into ___ before being shipped over the Internet

packets

Before data travels over the internet, it is divided into _______ by a protocol called ________, which also reassembles the data when it reaches its destination

packets, TCP

Each record int he domain name system ___

represents a correspondence between a domain name and an IP address