Module 4

The speed of sound in air is 1100 feet per second. For a sound vibration having a frequency of 500 cycles per second (hertz), what is the wavelength (that is, the length of one cycle)?

2.2 feet

The range of wavelengths for visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum are:

400-700nm

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about human visual perception?

False: Night vision is best when looking directly at an object True: Information from spatial visual fields is directed into the spatially opposite side of the brain Signal amplification plays a significant role in the visual perception There are approximately 100 million photoreceptor cells in each eye

Olfactory receptor proteins in the human nose are:

G-protein coupled receptors

The main hot substance found in chili is:

Capsaicin

Inner hair cells are primarily responsible for communicating information about sound to the brain, whereas outer hair cells are believed to:

Change the sensitivity of the basilar membrane to amplify sounds

What cellular structure allows olfactory receptor neurons to increase the surface area of exposed dendritic processes, which contain olfactory receptor proteins?

Cilia

Cortical achromatopsia is known to be associated with:

Damage to area V4 in visual cortex

Which of the following statements regarding the motility of E. coli bacteria by chemotaxis is FALSE?

Duration of run is approx 1-2 seconds Bacteria swim in a random walk of runs and tumbles Chemoattractants ni the environment are sensed by protein receptors on the cell surface Flagella mediate runs and tumbles FALSE: in the presence of a chemoattractant, the bacteria tumble more frequently

Without any further information about these molecules except for the structures diagrammed below, which of the following statements is most correct?

It is not possible to conclude anything about the aromatic experience of these molecules from their structures

The cochlea is part of a larger structure known as the:

Labyrinth

In humans and other mammals, most sweet-tasting chemicals are detected by _______________ receptors; most bitter-tasting chemicals are detected by ______________ receptors.

Metabotropic ; metabotropic

The primary visual cortex, or V1, is found in the:

Occipital lobe

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the vestibular system?

Ossicles are NOT part of the system Utricle, otoliths, saccule and semicircular canals are

You place a flower near a window so it has a source of sunlight. A few hours later, you notice the flower is now pointing toward the window, even though it was formerly facing the room. What is this process of growing toward the sunlight an example of?

Phototropism

Several examples of chemical substances found in aromatic plant products (such as spices and flowers) were given in the textbook. An important point illustrated by these descriptions of chemical constituents of plant aromatics is:

Plant aromas are mixtures of a large variety of chemicals

When light from the sun interacts with the earth's atmosphere, it scatters in such a way so as to produce a pattern that varies over the sky. Some animals (not humans) can detect this pattern and employ it as a navigational aid. This pattern most directly involves a property of light called:

Polarization

How are gustatory receptor cells replaced throughout the lifespan of an organism?

Stem cells in the tongue continuously replace gustatory receptor cells

Which of the following is NOT a sweeter-than-sucrose synthetic sweetener?

Stevioside (not synthetic)

Light activates retinal through which of the following mechanisms:

The photon of light causes isomerization of retinal from cis to trans