module 4

In 1998 former NFL linebacker Chris Spielman was forced to choose between staying with his sick wife or playing professional football. What sort of sociological phenomenon was he experiencing?

Role conflict

According to the sociological explanation of emotions, which of the following statements about grief is true?

The experience of grief is universal, but expressions of grief are cultural.

Which of the following statements about the process of socialization is true?

he process is reciprocal: society shapes the individual and the individual shapes society.

Which of the following statements reflects the best understanding of the nature vs. nurture debate?

Nature and nurture are not opposing forces, but they constantly modify each other as part of a larger interactive process.

A traffic cop pulls over a speeder, only to discover that the driver is a close friend. The police officer is torn, because her professional obligations demand that she punish the speeder but her personal obligations suggest that she should give a friend a break. This is an example of:

Role conflict

Kenneth Gergen coined the term "the saturated self" to describe the type of self that results from

exposure to more and more points of view and sources of information.

Children who are raised without human interaction, or with a minimum of human contact, are referred to as ________ children.

feral

A position in a social hierarchy that comes with a set of expectations is called:

status

A research study examined how teachers at community colleges handled retirement. The study found that the unique culture of such institutions had a significant effect on how retirees coped with their new situation. Which of the following could be the title of a paper written about this study?

"The Role-Exit Process of Community College Faculty: A Study of Faculty Retirement"

Young army recruits arriving at boot camp are about to enter which of the following?

A total institution

What do sociologists call it when a person's job requires him to manage his feelings as part of his official duties?

Emotion work

Erving Goffman theorized social life as a kind of con game in which we work to control the impressions others have of us. What did Goffman call this process?

Impression management

Victor of Aveyron was a feral child who wandered out of the woods in 1800 when he was approximately twelve years old. Victor was incapable of talking and he never fully adjusted to life with other humans. This case shows the importance of:

Socialization

What do sociologists call the idea that all individuals act like mirrors to each other?

The looking-glass self

Which part of the mind would Freud have described as being like a type of conscience that punishes misbehavior with feelings of guilt?

The superego

Before we can experience role-taking emotions, we must

be able to see things from another person's point of view

Sigmund Freud once said that the id was like a wild horse and that the ________ was like a rider astride the horse, struggling to keep it under control

ego

Susie isn't old enough to go to school yet, but she loves to play house. She has a toy stove and she pretends to be a mother. Sometimes, when that gets boring, she goes outside, takes a garden hose, and pretends to be a firefighter. George Herbert Mead would say that Susie is:

in the play stage.

"Each to each a looking-glass, / Reflects the other that doth pass." This poem, associated with sociologist Charles Cooley, indicates that our sense of self originates in

interactions with other people.

he term "socialization" refers to

the lifelong process by which people learn the norms, values, and beliefs of their culture