Module 4: Sections 11.7-11.10

Endorphins ________.

are peptides with inhibitory, opiate-like actions

Dopamine __________.

is a "feel good" transmitter; deficient in Parkinson's disease

Serotonin ________.

is a "mood" transmitter and drugs that block its uptake relieve anxiety and depression

Norepinephrine ________.

is a neurotransmitter of postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system

GABA ________.

is generally inhibitory; found throughout the CNS

Spatial summation occurs when __________.

multiple local potentials occur at different places on the same cell at the same time

Reflexes are __________.

rapid automatic responses to a stimulus in which the particular stimulus always produces the same motor response

Calcium provides structure to bones, stimulates muscle contraction, alters heart rate, and stimulates hormone release. In a neuron, calcium's main role is ________.

stimulating the release of neurotransmitters

The graded potentials produced at the part of the neuron labeled ________, are generated by ion flow through _______ channels.

A; chemically gated

Caffeine's stimulatory effects result from blocking receptors for which neurotransmitter?

Adenosine

In a chemical synapse, which of the following best describes the role of calcium ions?

Calcium ions trigger exocytosis of neurotransmitter.

Which of the following circuit types is exemplified by impulses that travel from a single neuron of the brain, activate one hundred or more motor neurons in the spinal cord, and excite thousands of skeletal muscle fibers?

Diverging circuit

Which of the following statements is false?

Electrical synapses provide a complex means to allow areas of the brain to work independently.

Which of the following neurotransmitters acts as a natural opiate as it inhibits pain?

Endorphins

Which of the following describes acetylcholine?

Excites skeletal muscle

Which of the following events is not involved in the transfer of information across a chemical synapse?

Ions flow directly from one neuron to the next

Which of the following circuit types is likely to be involved with making precise mathematical calculations?

Parallel after-discharge circuit

Which of the following could produce the IPSP shown in the graph?

Potassium ions leaving the cell

Which of the following best defines neural integration?

Processing and interpretation of sensory input and determining what should be done at each moment in the body

Which of the following is an example of serial processing?

Reflexively withdrawing your hand after touching a hot object

Which of the following could produce the EPSP shown in the graph?

Sodium ions entering the cell

Which of the following best describes a rapidly firing presynaptic neuron that causes EPSPs that are close in time?

Temporal summation

Which of the following represents a hyperpolarizing change in membrane potential called an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

The postsynaptic membrane becomes more permeable to potassium and chloride.

Which of the following is not true of chemical synapses?

They transmit nerve impulses directly from one neuron to another