Module 42 Questions

In the Milgram experiments, the level of obedience was highest when the "teacher" was __________ the experimenter and __________ the "learner." a. close to; close to b. far from; far from c. close to; far from d. far from; close to

c. close to; far from

When we adjust our own behavior or thinking so that it coincides with a group standard, we are exhibiting: a. the mere exposure effect. b. reciprocal determinism. c. conformity. d. the self-serving bias.

c. conformity.

The students at the University charged the field after the game in response to their team's loss. They vandalized the opposing team's field and the police had to be called in. This behavior is best understood in terms of: a. the bystander effect. b. social facilitation. c. deindividuation. d. the mere exposure effect.

c. deindividuation.

When the participants in Milgram's study were later surveyed about taking part in the research, most reported that they: a. did not believe they were actually delivering a shock to the "learner." b. had actually enjoyed shocking the "learner." c. did not regret taking part in the experiment. d. did not believe the study should be repeated.

c. did not regret taking part in the experiment.

By providing prospective terrorists with electronic chat rooms for interfacing online with others who share their attitudes, the Internet most likely serves as a medium for: a. social facilitation. b. the bystander effect. c. group polarization. d. cognitive dissonance.

c. group polarization.

In a study on social loafing, blindfolded students were asked to pull on a rope as hard as they could. The students pulled hardest when they thought: a. three others were pulling with them. b. three others were pulling against them. c. no others were pulling with them. d. no one was monitoring how hard they pulled.

c. no others were pulling with them.

At her health club, Bonnie pedals an exercise bike much faster when other patrons are using nearby equipment. This best illustrates: a. the bystander effect. b. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. c. social facilitation. d. group polarization.

c. social facilitation.

In 1942, German reserve police officers obeyed orders to kill some 1500 Jews in the village of Jozefow, Poland. This incident illustrated that people are most likely to be destructively obedient when: a. they fail to realize their actions are morally wrong. b. their victims are distant and depersonalized. c. they perceive their orders to come from legitimate authority figures. d. they derive personal satisfaction from destructive acts.

c. they perceive their orders to come from legitimate authority figures.

In Milgram's experiments, participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the ______ or the demands of the ______. a. obedient role model; "teacher" b. "teacher"; "learner" c. "teacher"; defiant role model d. "learner"; experimenter

d. "learner"; experimenter

In Asch's conformity experiments, researchers find that conformity to the group increases when: a. one is made to feel insecure. b. one admires the group's status. c. the group is unanimous. d. All of these things will increase conformity to the group.

d. All of these things will increase conformity to the group.

You are the expert on psychometrics and assessment; however, three of the clinicians disagree on your choice of scales. You decide to change your opinion for the good of the group. This best illustrates: a. group polarization. b. the bystander effect. c. social facilitation. d. groupthink.

d. groupthink.

In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family, simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of: a. social facilitation. b. normative social influence. c. mirror-image perceptions. d. the mere exposure effect.

b. normative social influence.

A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage: a. nonconformity. b. ingroup bias. c. groupthink. d. superordinate goals.

a. nonconformity.

In Milgram's obedience experiments, "teachers" were LEAST likely to deliver the highest levels of shock when the: a. experiment was conducted at a prestigious institution such as Yale University. b. experimenter became too pushy and told hesitant participants, "You have no choice, you must go on." c. "teachers" observed other participants refuse to obey the experimenter's orders. d. "learner" said he had a heart condition.

c. "teachers" observed other participants refuse to obey the experimenter's orders.

The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the: a. "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners." b. "learners" received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems. c. experiments were performed despite mass student protests against the research. d. "teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress.

d. "teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress.

Your sister-in-law always has a smile on her face and a joke to tell. The moment she walks into your house you start smiling, even before she says something funny. This is caused by: a. automatic mimicry. b. mood linkage. c. chameleon effect. d. All of these things cause you to start smiling.

d. All of these things cause you to start smiling.

His obedience experiments at Yale University are some of the most famous and involved deception. a. Milgram b. Asch c. Festinger d. Zimbardo

a. Milgram

_____________ result(s) from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. a. Normative social influence b. Informational social influence c. Situational attributions d. Dispositional attributions

a. Normative social influence

_____________ result(s) from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, whereas _____________ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept other's opinions about reality. a. Normative social influence; informational social influence b. Informational social influence; normative social influence c. Situational attributions; dispositional attributions d. Dispositional attributions; situational attributions

a. Normative social influence; informational social influence

Alexandra is well liked by her friends. When you watch her, you can see that she mimics her friends' gestures and seems to match their moods. Chartrand would suggest that this automatic mimicry is a component of: a. empathy. b. subjectivity. c. authenticity. d. prejudice.

a. empathy

A group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues. During the conversation, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates: a. group polarization. b. the bystander effect. c. social facilitation. d. deindividuation.

a. group polarization.

While Thomas disagrees with his boss, he laughs at the joke anyway to gain her approval. Thomas' behavior illustrates: a. normative social influence. b. informational social influence. c. mirror-image perceptions. d. the mere exposure effect.

a. normative social influence.

Researchers find that conformity to the group increases when all of the following occur EXCEPT: a. one is made to feel secure. b. one has not made a prior commitment to any response. c. the group is unanimous. d. one admires the group's status and attractiveness.

a. one is made to feel secure.

The fundamental attribution error best illustrates that we may often underestimate the importance of: a. social control. b. hindsight bias. c. personality traits. d. cognitive dissonance.

a. social control.

Lars is an excellent violinist. In front of an audience, he tends to play his violin even more beautifully than when he is alone. This is most likely due to: a. social facilitation. b. the bystander effect. c. deindividuation. d. normative social influence.

a. social facilitation.

In the original Milgram obedience experiment, men aged 20 to 50 had complied fully ________ percent of the time. a. 53 b. 63 c. 73 d. 83

b. 63

Dr. Yen is designing an experiment on obedience to authority. She will set up a learning laboratory, and have participants deliver loud blasts of sound as punishment for incorrect answers (given by a confederate of the researcher). How can Dr. Yen increase the likelihood of the participants' obedience? a. She can set up the learning laboratory in a room above a restaurant. b. She can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph.D. from a prestigious university. c. She can make the participants think she is unsure of her role as an authority figure. d. She can have a second confederate in the room; the confederate should be a role model for defiant behavior.

b. She can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph.D. from a prestigious university.

Mark obeyed the commands of his military unit officer to engage in destructive behavior that was sharply inconsistent with Mark's ethical values. The discomfort associated with Mark's awareness of the inconsistency between his values and his actions best illustrates: a. the just-world phenomenon. b. cognitive dissonance. c. the bystander effect. d. deindividuation.

b. cognitive dissonance.

Groupthink is fueled by a desire for: a. self-disclosure. b. harmony. c. passionate love. d. cognitive dissonance.

b. harmony.

The local basketball team seems to perform better in front of the home audience on their home court. This best illustrates: a. the bystander effect. b. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. c. group polarization. d. social facilitation.

d. social facilitation.