Module 5 Exam, Mod 5 Exam: Muscular System

1. Which muscle has origins on both the clavicle and scapula? (specify letter on diagram with the name of the muscle for full credit) 2. Which muscle is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve? (specify letter on diagram with the name of the muscle for full credit) 3. What is the name of muscle D? 4. What is the innervation of muscle D? 5. What is the insertion of muscle E?

1. A (Deltoid) 2. H or I (Lats) 3. Infraspinatus 4. Suprascapular nerve 5. Intertubercular groove of humerus(Teres major)

1. Origin 2.Insertion 3.Action 4.Innervation Psoas Major 1.____ 2.____ Obturator externus 3._____ 4._____ Semimembranosus 5(1).__ 6(2).____ 7(3)._ Flexor hallucis longus 8.(1)_ 9(3)._ 10(4)._

1. Transverse bodies of all lumbar vertebra 2. Lesser trochanter of the femur 3. Lateral rotation of thigh 4. Obturator nerve 5. Ischial tuberosity 6. Medial condyle of tibia 7. Knee flexion 8. Posterior fibula 9. Flexion of digit 1, inversion and plantarflexion of foot 10. Tibial nerve (deep peroneal branch)

Your patient sustained an injury to their facial nerve (CN VII). Which actions would be impaired?

A&B (Orbicularis oculi & frontalis) A. Eye closure B. Raising eyebrows

When flexor digitorum profundus contracts, what action(s) occurs?

A&C A. Wrist flexion C. Flexion of digits 2-5

1. Which muscle contracts to enable the main effort required to stand on your toes? A. Gastrocnemius B. Quadriceps C. Biceps femoris D. Tibialis anterior

A. Gastrocnemius

4. Contraction of ________ results in _________? A. psoas major, hip flexion B. psoas major, hip extension C. iliacus, trunk flexion D. iliacus, trunk extension

A. psoas major, hip flexion

Use the figure to label the following six muscles: (Viewed anteriorly

A: Flexor carpi radialis B: Flexor digitorum superficialis C: Palmaris longus D: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris E: Flexor pollicis longus F: Flexor digitorum profundus

Label the following five muscles:

A: Frontalis/ occipitofrontalisD: Orbicularis OrisF: Zygomaticus minorH: RisoriusI: Masseter

3. During a muscle contraction which protein myofilament is pulled along?

Actin

4. What is the name of the thin myofilament?

Actin

Name the Muscle Action & Innervation: Obturator externus

Action: Lateral rotation of thigh; Innervation: Obturator nerve

3. A person sustained a back injury to the muscle group closest to the spine. What muscle group was injured? A. Longissimus B. Spinalis C. Sternocleidomastoid D. Iliocostalis E. Rectus abdominis

B. Spinalis

2. When rectus femoris contracts, which bone is pulled anteriorly by this muscle? A. Femur B. Tibia C. Ilium D. Ulna

B. Tibia

What is included in the central nervous system?

Brain and spinal cord

In response to the action potential in the sarcolemma, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases which ion?

Calcium

Name the three types of muscle tissue found in the body

Cardiac, skeletal and smooth

1. Ligaments connect which types of tissue?

Connect bone to bone

Tendons connect which types of tissue?

Connect muscle to bone

Your patient has damage to bilateral facial nerves (CN VII). Name at least three muscles that would be impaired.

Could include any three: Orbicularis oculi, Orbicularis oris, Zygomaticus major/minor, Risorius, Frontalis, Buccinator

2. Your patient is having difficulty when asked to bring his chin to his chest. He is also having difficulty turning his face from side to side. What muscle is most likely impaired? A. Thyrohyoid B. Semispinalis capitis C. Splenius Capitis D. Sternocleidomastoid E. Scalenes

D. Sternocleidomastoid (Bilateral neck flexion, unilateral turns face)

Use the figure to label the following six muscles:

D: Peroneus (fibularis) longusE: SoleusF: Tibialis posteriorG: Flexor digitorum longusH: Flexor hallucis longusI: Peroneus (fibularis) brevis

Your patient is in a seated position with his feet flat on the floor. He is having difficulty lifting his toes off the floor. What muscle(s) is impaired from contracting?

E. A&C Tibialis anterior & extensor digitorum longus (dorsiflexion) A. Tibialis anterior C. Extensor digitorum longus

1. Your patient sustained an injury to their facial nerve (CN VII). Which actions would be impaired? A. Eye closure B. Raising eyebrows C. Jaw closure D. Neck flexion E. A&B F. C&D

E.A&B (Orbicularis oculi & frontalis)

When piriformis contracts, what action(s) will not occur at the hip?

F. A&D A. Internal rotation D. Flexion

3. When extensor digitorum contracts, what action(s) occurs? A. Elbow extension B. Wrist extension C. Extension of digit 1 D. Extension of digits 2-5 E. A&C F. B&D

F. B&D (wrist extension, extension of digits 2-5)

2. Smooth and cardiac muscle tissue are both under voluntary control.

False

Smooth and cardiac muscle tissue are both under voluntary control.

False

T/F A motor signal is a signal that is sent from a muscle to the central nervous system

False

T/F The cervical plexus contains nerves that innervate the thigh

False

T/F The musculocutaneous nerve is part of the central nervous system.

False

The cervical plexus contains nerves that innervate the thigh.

False

The musculocutaneous nerve is part of the central nervous system.

False

True or False: When a muscle contracts, the M lines within a sarcomere come closer together towards the Z line.

False

True or false: Myosin is known as the thin filament.

False

True or false: The brachial plexus supplies nerves to the lower extremities.

False

True or false: Muscle can only push, not pull.

False- muscles can only pull, not push.

3. The lumbar plexus is part of the central nervous system.

False- this is a peripheral nerve

When gluteus maximus contracts, which bone is pulled posteriorly by this muscle?

Femur

5. When superior gemellus contracts, what action(s) will not occur at the hip? A. Lateral rotation B. Internal rotation C. Adduction D. Extension E. Flexion F. A&D G. B&E

G. B&E (internal rotation, flexion does not occur)

What muscle would be in an antagonistic pair with the tibialis anterior?

Gastrocnemius

Which muscle contracts to enable the main effort required to stand on your toes?

Gastrocnemius

E

Identify inferior gemellus in the figure below.

zygomaticus minor; pull corners of lips upward

Identify the muscle and its action highlighted in the figure below.

Extensor carpi ulnaris; action: wrist extension, adduction of wrist

Identify the muscle and its actions (include two for full credit) indicated in the figure below.

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS); flexion of the wrist and flexion of digits 2-5

Identify the muscle and its actions (include two) indicated in the figure below.

levator scapulae; dorsal scapular nerve

Identify the muscle and its innervation indicated in the figure below.

semispinalis capitis; Articular processes of inferior cervical vertebrae & Transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae

Identify the muscle and its origin highlighted in the figure below. Be as specific as possible in your response.

gluteus medius; greater trochanter of the femur

Identify the muscle below (1 point) and name its insertion - be as specific as possible. (2 points)

Semitendinosus; medial surface of tibia

Identify the muscle below (1 point) and name the insertion (2 points). Be specific in your answer.

B

Identify the muscle(s) in the figure below that extends the wrist and digit 2. Answer using the letter(s) A, B, C, or D. Select all that apply. The figure shows a posterior view of the arm

lower border of ribs 1-11; elevates ribs during normal inspiration (external intercostal muscles)

Identify the origin and action of the muscle indicated by the pointers below. Be as specific as possible in your response.

Lateral head - superior, lateral margin on humerus; olecranon of ulna (lateral head of the triceps)

Identify the origin and insertion of the muscle indicated in the figure below. Be specific in your response

iliocostalis lumborum, iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis cervicis

Identify the three divisions of the muscle group highlighted below.

Describe what is meant by muscle fiber "cross-bridges". What occurs to enable movement of the cross-bridges?

In the presence of calcium ions, portions of a myosin filament called cross-bridges bend backward and attach to an actin filament. After attaching to the actin filament, the cross-bridges bend forward, and the actin filament is pulled along. The cross-bridges attach and detach some fifty to 100 times as the thin filaments are pulled to the center of a sarcomere. ATP is needed on a cellular level for the myosin to pull actin along.

Describe a motor action vs. sensory input in terms of the nervous system.

Messages from the central nervous system to a muscle are called a motor actions. Nerves also carry information from the external environment to the central nervous system, called sensation or sensory input.

The return of calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum causes what to occur?

Muscle relaxation (Muscle contraction stops)

During a muscle contraction which protein myofilament contains cross-bridges?

Myosin

What is the name of the thick myofilament?

Myosin

What is the name of the junction where a motor neuron meets with a muscle?

Neuromuscular junction

Acetylcholine is what type of substance?

Neurotransmitter

Name the Muscle Origin, Insertion & Action: Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity; Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia; Action: Knee flexion

Name the Muscle Origin, Action & Innervation: Flexor hallucis longus

Origin: Posterior fibula; Action: Flexion of digit 1, inversion and plantarflexion of foot; Innervation: Tibial nerve (deep peroneal branch)

Name the Muscle Origin & Insertion: Psoas Major

Origin: Transverse bodies of all lumbar vertebra; Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur

Your patient injured her ankle while playing soccer. She sustained injuries to the tendons of peroneus longus and peroneus brevis. What actions would be impaired due to his injury?

Plantarflexion and eversion of foot

What does it mean that skeletal muscles are under conscious control?

Skeletal muscles are under conscious control, meaning that a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action.

What types of muscle tissue are under involuntary control?

Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

Acetylcholine released from the motor neuron triggers the influx of which ion?

Sodium

Your patient is having difficulty when asked to bend his spine backward. What muscle is involved?

Spinalis thoracis (Extensor of the vertebral column)

Describe the difference between tendons and ligaments.

Tendons are connective tissues that connect skeletal muscle to bone at each end. Ligaments are connective tissue that connects bone to bone, helping to stabilize joints where bones meet. Tendons connect muscle to bone, while ligaments connect bone tissue to bone.

Describe muscle action and innervation.

The action of the muscle is what effect is produced by the muscle's contraction. The innervation is the peripheral nerve that supplies a muscle with the message from the brain.

Describe the origin and insertion of attachment to bones.

The origin is the bony site of attachment which is stationary during the movement. The insertion of a muscle is the bony site of attachment that is moved by the muscle contraction.

Your patient is having difficulty with scapular retraction. Name two muscles that are most likely involved in this limitation.

Trapezius, rhomboids (minor/major)

1. There are three types of muscle tissue found in the body.

True

4. A sensory signal is a signal that is sent from a muscle to the central nervous system.

True

4. True or False: When a muscle contracts, the Z lines within a sarcomere come closer together towards the M line.

True

5. The lumbar plexus contains nerves that innervate the thigh.

True

A sensory signal is a signal that is sent from a muscle to the central nervous system.

True

True or False: The A band contains thin filaments.

True

True or false: One sarcomere is from one Z line to one Z line.

True

Under the microscope, what types of muscle appear to be striated or striped in appearance?

Under the microscope, skeletal and cardiac muscle appear to be striated or striped in appearance.

E (coracobrachialis)

Use the figure below to answer the following question: The musculocutaneous nerve innervates which of the following muscle(s)?

True

Use the figure below to answer the following true or false question. One of the insertion points of the muscle indicated below is on the navicular bone. True or false?

True

Use the figure below to answer the following true or false statement. This muscle has its origin on the inferior ramus of the pubis.

Base of metatarsal 1

What is the insertion of the muscle indicated below?

lesser trochanter of the femur

What is the insertion of this muscle (indicated below)?

Supraspinatus and it is innervated by the suprascapular nerve

What is the name of muscle C and what innervates this muscle? (specify letter on diagram with the name of the muscle for full credit)

C

Which muscle (below) originates on the intertrochanteric line of the femur?

F or G (Coracobrachialis)

Which muscle is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve? (specify letter on diagram with the name of the muscle for full credit)

B (Pectoralis Major)

Which muscle is the prime mover of adduction, flexion and inward rotation of the humerus? (specify letter on diagram with the name of the muscle for full credit)

When extensor digitorum contracts, what action(s) occurs?

Wrist extension and extension of digits 2-5

When a muscle contraction occurs, what lines move closer together towards the center of the sarcomere (M line)?

Z lines

T/F When a muscle contracts, the M lines within a sarcomere come closer together towards the Z line.

false

Contraction of _______ results in _______?

iliacus, hip flexion

When superior gemellus contracts, what action(s) will not occur at the hip?

internal rotation, flexion

The return of calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum causes what to occur?

muscle relaxation (contraction ends)

Contraction of ________ results in _________?

psoas major, hip flexion

Your patient is in a seated position with his feet flat on the floor. He is having difficulty lifting his toes off the floor. What muscle(s) is impaired from contracting?

tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus

There are three types of muscle tissue found in the body.

true