Module 5 video

Time-in condition

For a time-out to truly be "time-out", The person must be in a _____ at the moment "time-out" is implemented

Have something to lose that he or she would prefer to keep

For negative punishment to occur the behaver has to...

Make the behavior more likely

Evoke=

False because it's not about whether the person likes or dislikes the stimulus, it is the result in the long term reduction of the behavior

True or false? And why? The stimulus change in positive punishment is the introduction of something the person likes

Emotional responses (crying, swearing), aggression, or old behaviors from long ago

What are some behaviors that generate extinction burst?

1. Make a behavior MORE likely to occur right now 2. Make a behavior LESS likely to occur right now

What are the two antecedent effects? They can either:

1. Discriminative stimuli 2. Motivating operations (MOs)

What are the two basic types of antecedents?

1. Establishing Operations (EO) 2.Abolishing Operations (AO)

What are the two types of motivating operations?

Positive and negative

What are the two types of punishment?

Money, access to an activity

What is an example of negative punishment?

S^D

What is the symbol for discriminative stimulus?

The value of the reinforcer goes away and the behavior is no longer evoked

When an EO goes away...

B. Before lunch

When my a snack be most valuable? A. After breakfast B. Before lunch C. During dinner

1. Increases the effect of reinforcement 2. Increases the effect of punishment

1. If the consequence is reinforcement it= 2. The consequence is punishment it=

Positive punishment

A consequence (a change in the behaver's environment after a target response)

The lady saying "Andy it's time to give the game to Ryan."

A lady says to Andy, "Andy, it's time to give the game to Ryan." (Who is sitting next to her) When the lady walks away, Andy continues playing for a few more seconds but then she rolls her eyes, sighs, and gives the Game Boy to Ryan. Behaver= Andy Behavior= giving the game to Ryan What is the antecedent to Andy's behavior?

Discriminative stimulus

A specific antecedent stimulus which exerts stimulus control over a particular behavior

Make the behavior less likely

Abate=

The antecedent

Before the target behavior=

Delayed; they make the behavior more or less likely to occur in the future

Consequences have what type of effect? Why?

The person's past experience and this person has learned that a reinforcer is more likely to be obtained in the presence of a stimulus and not likely when that stimulus is absent

Discriminative stimuli are completely based on...

"Stimulus control" when an antecedent stimulus reliably exerts (effort) control over a response

Discriminative stimuli means...

Past history of that particular consequence that occurred when that stimulus was present

Each type of discriminative stimulus is related to a

Less Abates

Example of AO Cloudless sky's make umbrellas ____ valuable This ____ looking for an umbrella

Less Abates

Example of AO Excessive parental oversight makes parental attention _____ valuable This ____ doing what gets attention

Food as a reinforcer

Example of AO Having a very large meal decreases the value (effectiveness) of ....

Evokes

Fill in the blank If an antecedent makes the behavior more likely, we say the antecedent ____ the response

Added Removed

Fill in the blank In positive punishment, something is ______ following a response In negative punishment, something is _____ following a response

3

How many types of discriminative stimuli are there?

Two

How many types of extinction are there?

Eliminate behavior

In The long run, extinction is used to...

Increases Effectiveness

In establishing operation (EO), the EO _____ the ______ (value) of that consequence

Only seen during the next occurrence of the A-B-C sequence. Not the current one

In the FUTURE means the effect of the consequence is

Punishment

Is an environmental change that follows a response and decreases the future frequency of that behavior

No; it is a response

Is this an example of an antecedent? Yes or no and why? Gina is the behaver Gina puts sugar in her coffee before she drinks it

The sound of a fire truck

Jamal hears a fire truck coming behind him and moves over to the right lane. What is the antecedent?

Evoked

Jamall here's a fire truck coming behind him and moves over to the right lane. It appears that the sound of the fire truck's siren _____ Jamal's lane changing

Evoke

More likely to happen now=

1. More likely to happen now 2. Less likely to happen now

Motivating operations can make behavior do what two things?

1. Increase the value of a consequence 2. Decrease the value of a consequence

Motivating operations do 2 things. What are they?

Loses access to specific reinforcer,even if calm

Multiple select Select all that are true "Time-out" is a specific time period during which a person:

Has an effect on the behavior right now, during the A-B-C sequence

NOW means that the antecedent...

Decreases behavior

Punishment ONLY ....

1. Positive or negative 2. Socially mediated or automatic 3. Unconditioned or conditioned

Punishment can be what 3 things?

Precursors

Responses by the behaver that occur just before the target response

Yes; because her mother=antecedent bc she stops Rhonda from playing with matches. Her mother abates her= stops her from playing with the matches

Rhonda was playing with matches. Her mother walked in on her and she immediately stopped playing with the matches. Does this scenario show the effect of an antecedent on behavior? Yes or no? Why?

S^D for reinforcement

S^D=

S^D^P for punishment

S^D^P=

1 and 4

Select all examples that specify an antecedent: 1.Manny is the behaver: Manny sees a bird. He says, "Bird." The RBT says, "Right!" 2. Laurel is the behaver: Laurel jumps in a leak. Laurel gets wet 3. Anna is the behaver: Anka cries. Fiona hugs Anka 4. Fiona is the behaver: Anka cries. Fiona hugs Anka

Are antecedents Signal the availability of a particular consequence Make behavior more likely now

Select all of the following that are true Discriminative stimuli (S^Ds): Are antecedents Signal the availability of a particular consequence Make behavior more likely now Make behavior more likely in the future

They make behavior more or less likely to occur in the present Alter the value of stimuli

Select all that are true of motivating operations Signal the availability of consequences May make behavior more or less likely to occur in the present Alter the value of stimuli Are consequences

The addition of water from the water pistol

Short answer Whenever Suki's cat scratches her leather couch, Suki sprays the cat with a water pistol. The cat's " scratching the couch" reduces in frequency over time. What is "positive" in this example?

Extinction

Target behavior= Complaining Assuming that the daughter's complaining behavior decreases in the future as a result of mom continuing to deliver the demand, identify the type of consequence:

Negative reinforcement

Target behavior= Complaining Assuming that the daughter's complaining behavior increases or maintains in the future as a result of the removal of chores, identify the type of consequence:

You stand up

The antecedent= movie ends What is the response?

You answer it

The antecedent= phone rings What is the response?

You point to the blue card

The antecedent= teacher says "point to blue." What is the response?

You brake

The antecedent= traffic light changes from green to red. What is the response?

Appetitive

The general term in ABA that is an environmental event or stimulus that the person finds pleasant

The little girl pounding her fists on the table

The little girl (client) pounds her fists on the table, RBT scolds her. The girl does it a second time, the RBT scolds her. The girl does it a third time and the RBT scolds her again. Behaver: RBT Behavior:Scolding the little girl What is the antecedent to the RBT yelling at the little girl?

Alters the value of some stimulus as a consequence

The motivating operation is an environmental event/condition that

Extinction

The process by which a previously reinforced behavior is weakened by withholding reinforcement. In other words. A behavior has been reinforced before; now you STOP reinforcing the behavior

Sensory extinction

The process by which behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement are placed on extinction by masking or removing the sensory consequence. (Get the FIT definition)

The therapist asking, "How many fish do you see here?"

Therapist: "How many fish do you see here?" Behaver: Girl in the light blue shirt Behavior: "four" What is the antecedent to the girl's behavior?

Time-out from time-in

Time-out is the short way from saying time-out from positive reinforcement which means...

1. Who is the behaver? 2. What behavior by that person is your " Target behavior of interest"?

To distinguish between behavior (responses) and stimuli you must remember the first two rules, you must first identify:

Positive punishment; because touching a hot stove and saying she wouldn't touch it again added to her environment I added=positive. It decreased the future frequency of the teenager choosing to touch the hot surface so that means it was a punishment

A teenager is cooking and she touches the hot stove and says "Ouch, I won't do that again" if the teenager touches hot surfaces less than the future, what type of consequence occurred? Positive punishment Negative punishment None; this is not an example of punishment Why?

Decreases Effectiveness

Abolishing Operation (AO) abolishes the value of a consequence, meaning, it ______ the _____ (value) of that consequence

It refers to what happens in the environment immediately before the behavior

According to Tarbox and Tarbox, what does antecedent refer to?

Just before

After you identify who the behaver is and what behavior by that person is your target behavior of interest, then you must look at The environment and what happened _____ the target behavior

Positive punishment; because Gary's teacher used to praise him for doing good work but then Gary started to goof off during class so that means his behavior decreased, decreased behavior=punishment and the punishment was positive because his teacher praised him and that praise was added to his environment

Gary was a hard-working student. His teacher praised him in class for doing his good work. Recently he seems to goof off more during class. Based on the change in behavior, the teacher's praise was most likely: Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment Why?

Negative punishment; negative because the tv was removed from his environment. And punishment because his behavior decreases

Bart swears and his mom turns off his TV. Bart's swearing decreases over time. What is this an example of? And why?

Yes; so because she stopped scolding him and chose to ignore his swearing, it is considered extinction

Bart's mom used to scold him for swearing. Now she just ignores him and his swearing has decreased. Is this an example of extinction? Why?

Motivating operations

Based on the person's current condition which is what the person wants or needs or does not want or need at that specific moment in time

More likely to happen (it evokes)

By signaling the likelihood of reinforcement, it makes the behavior....

A precursor

Gina screams right before she slaps Luis. If "slaps others" is a target behavior for Gina, "screams" could be....

Response= Gina slaps Luis Stimulus-consequence= Luis runs away

Gina slaps Luis and Luis runs away. Identify the response and stimulus-consequence

No; it shows an effect on the consequence because a consequence The behavior that is delayed andoccurs in the future

Hideki was given a bowl of green tea ice cream right after he put his dirty plate in the sink. His rate of putting away his dirty dishes increased in the future. Does this scenario show the effect of an antecedent on behavior? Yes or no? Why?

Antecedent= Rose placed soup in front of Hildy Behavior = Hildy picked up a spoon and ate soup Consequence= The soup tasted good

Hildy is the behaver. Match each piece of the scenario with the appropriate label by filling in the blank next to each scenario. Hildy picked up a spoon and ate soup The soup tasted good Rose placed soup in front of Hildy

Reinforce

In extinction, the RBT must be careful not to ____ during the extinction burst

If it increases the future frequency of the behavior= reinforcement If it decreases the future frequency of the behavior= punishment

In order to determine if something is a reinforcement or punishment you have to determine....

Presented (added) or magnified (increased)

In positive punishment, a specific stimulus is...

A. Sight of a server; because you have gotten silverware from a server before in the past so the site of a server signals the availability of the fork

In relation to "asking for a fork", what would be the S^D? Hint: What signals a fork is available if you ask for one? A. Sight of a server B. A Salad in front of you C. A person in a toll booth D. An "open" sign Why?

It increases the value of water as a reinforcer

In the motivating operation, the example; no access to liquid for 8 hours does what?

The babysitter; because without the babysitter, the kid getting the candy would not be possible

In the video, a little girls mom is sitting next to her and a little girl asks her mom for candy her mom says, "Not right now" then, in walks the little girls Babysitter and the little girl asks her babysitter if she can have candy and the babysitter gives it to her. In relation to " asking for candy", what would be the S^D? Why?

Ricky is likely to ask for help in Lucy's presence, but not Fred's

Lucy consistently reinforces Ricky's requests for help at work. Fred ignores Ricky's requests. Ricky's "requesting help" behavior will come under the discriminative control of Lucy's presence, but not Fred's That means...

Negative reinforcement; because The therapist removed his fingers and removed him from where he was to the quiet room. Removed=negative. And this is considered reinforcement because Marco was often sent to the quiet room at the same time every day. Which means his kicking behavior would continue to increase because he knew he would get sent to the quiet room which he knew would get him away from the noise the other residents were making

Marco lived in an institution. When certain other residents returned home from work shop, they would make lots of noise. Marco would put his fingers in his ears. His therapist thought this was strange, so she told him to remove his fingers. When Marco refused, she would physically move his hands. Marco with then kick her. The rule was: anyone kicking another person had to go to the "quiet room". Therefore, Marco was often in the quiet room every day by 4:00 PM. Placing Marco in the "quiet room" most likely functioned as: Negative punishment Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Positive reinforcement Why?

It's reinforcing to the person who is delivering the punishment. Because the bad behavior goes away which means it's a negative reinforcement

One of the side effects of punishment is that when it works, it does what for the person delivering the punishment? Why?

1. A child engages in fist-to-face contacts, so she is put in restraints 2. Brady throws paper planes in class, so he is not allowed to have any paper 3. A pedophile goes to prison

Other NON-examples of extinction that were used in the video? (3 of them)

Decreases the behavior in the future

Punishment=

Increases or maintains The behavior in the future

Reinforcement=

Less valuable Abates

Example of AO Too much food just consumed makes food ___ ____ as a reinforcer This ____ looking for food

More attention as a reinforcer

Example of AO Getting a lot of attention may decrease the value (effectiveness) of ....

A sweater as a reinforcer

Example of EO Being cold increases the value (effectiveness) of what as the reinforcer?

Water as a reinforcer

Example of EO Eating a lot of salty popcorn increases the value (effectiveness) Of what as a reinforcer?

Evokes

Example of EO Lack of food for several hours makes food more valuable as a reinforcer. This means that it ____ looking for food

Evokes

Example of EO Lack of parental attention can make parental attention more valuable. Doing this ____ whatever gets attention

Evokes

Example of EO Rain makes an umbrella valuable. This means that it _____ getting an umbrella

This is negative reinforcement because Brady was removed from his classroom and he would make the airplanes as an escape to get out of class. Now that the teacher ignores the planes and doesn't send him in the hallway, Brady is put on extinction because the reinforcer is no longer delivered and he starts doing his worksheet

Explain the example of Brady and his paper planes in math class when prompted to do a worksheet and what type of reinforcement was he getting when his teacher used to put him in the hallway as opposed to now when she leaves him in the classroom?

Top line: Antecedent aversive stimulus Bottom line: negative reinforcement

Extinction can also involve NOT removing an ______ _____ _____ (if the behavior is maintained by ______ _______).

Any decrease in responding regardless of the procedure used

Extinction is NOT

Top line: Consequence stimulus Bottom line: positive reinforcement

Extinction may involve withholding a ______ _____ (for behavior maintained by _____ _____)

After the behavior occurs, you do nothing! Meaning, you don't provide reinforcement or punishment

Extinction means

Decrease

Fill in the blank Punishment is an environmental change following a response that results in a(n) _______ in that response in the future

Abated

Fill in the blank Rhonda was playing with matches. Her mother walked in on her and she immediately stopped playing with the matches. Her mother walking in _____ her playing with matches

More

Fill in the blank When a reinforcer has more value, then behavior has resulted in getting that reinforcer in the past is _____ likely to occur

Stimuli

From the perspective of the behaver, behaviors of The various people in the environment are ____

Yes; first the light comes on which means that comes before the responses. Before the response= antecedent

Response: Turning into a gas station The red "empty" light comes on right before you turn into a gas station. Is the red "empty" light an antecedent? Yes or no and why?

No; because saying that you better get gas before you go on the highway is a behavior

Response: turning into a gas station Right before you turn into a gas station, you say, "I'd better get gas before I get on the highway. " is your statement an antecedent? Yes or no and why?

Evoked (made it more likely)

Gaby is the behaver Antecedent: The RBT presents 3 toys to Gaby; Behavior: Gaby points to the stuffed horse; Consequence: Gaby gets to play with the stuffed horse What effect did the antecedent have on Gaby's behavior

1. Consequence 2. Antecedent 3. Behavior

Gaby is the behaver. Identify which is the antecedent, behavior, consequence of these three scenarios 1. Gaby gets to play with the stuffed horse 2. The RBT presents three toys to Gaby 3. Gaby points to the stuffed horse

Made it more likely that Hildy would begin eating soup; because antecedents have an immediate effect that occur right now.

Rose placed the soup in front of Hildy. Hildy began to eat, and the soup tasted good. In the future, Hildy ate Rose's soup whenever it was available. What effect did the antecedent have on Hildy's eating behavior? -Made it more likely that Hildy would begin eating soup -Made it more likely the Hildy would eat Rose's soup in the future Why?

Made it more likely that Hildy would eat Rose's soup in the future; because consequence means a delayed effect in the future

Rose placed the soup in front of Hildy. Hildy began to eat, and the soup tasted good. In the future, Hilti ate Rose's soup whenever it was available. What effect did the consequence have on Hildy's eating behavior? -Made it more likely that Hildy would begin eating soup -Made it more likely the Hildy would eat Rose's soup in the future Why?

1. Teal kicks teacher 2. Teal says, "Hello" 3. Teal pets her

Teal is the behaver 1. Antecedent ;Teacher presents task (stimulus) What is the response? 2. Antecedent; Mike says, "Hello" (stimulus) What is the response? 3. Antecedent; Teal's cat meows (stimulus) What is the response?

OTHER people's behavior as stimuli

The behaver experiences....

The kids are going to scramble to their seats because She went from not signaling anything when she first walked in the first day to being a signal on the second day to the kids "sitting in seat" behavior so she is the S^D for The availability of reinforcement for "sitting behavior". In that case, sitting behavior is evoked

The story of the new first grade teacher The first grade teacher walks into her class on the first day and the kids are running around, looking out the window, playing, throwing paper planes. When the teacher walks in she puts her books on her desk. She stands in front of the room and says "the first 5 kids who sit in their seat I'm going to give you A piece of candy" The kids scramble to get to their seats. The teacher gives out pieces of candy to about 9 kids because she saw that more than 5 kids tried really hard to listen to her instruction and sit in their seats. The next day, when that teacher walks into the room, what do you think happens? Why?

It means that for negative punishment to work, there has to be an enjoyable situation (appetitive) in which the person wants to remain

What does "time-in" mean in negative punishment?

We say the antecedent abates the response

What does it mean when an antecedent stimulus makes a behavior less likely to happen right now?

We say the antecedent evokes the response

What does it mean when an antecedent stimulus makes a behavior more likely to happen right now?

Removed From the environment following the behavior that causes the behavior to decrease

What does negative punishment mean?

Added to the environment following the behavior that causes the behavior to decrease

What does positive punishment mean?

Evokes responding

What effect does an S^D have on behavior? A. Abates responding B. Strengthens responding C. Evokes responding D. Weakens responding

Speeding on a highway is heavily penalized. Many cars get pulled over. You get pulled over and given a ticket. You stop speeding on this highway It's a punishment

What is a NON-example of extinction that was used in the video? What is it?

You now say to a client, "Ok Caroline, it's time to brush your teeth". She slaps you across the face. However, you say "It's still time to brush your teeth Caroline", that means you are not removing the task command, the antecedent aversive stimulus is not removed, therefore Caroline cannot escape

What is an example of escape extinction from a task demand as used in the video? And why is it escape extinction?

Dawn curses and dad tells her to stop. Her cursing is getting worse. Dad reads Glenn Latham's chapter on ignoring "junk" behavior. Now he ignores cursing

What is an example of extinction?

You say to a client, "Time to brush your teeth Caroline." Caroline slaps you across the face and you say, "Ok, never mind wait until later to brush your teeth This means that Caroline was negatively reinforced because the task demand was removed

What is an example of negative reinforcement from a task demand as used in the video? Why is it negative reinforcement?

Brady makes paper planes in math class when prompted to do a worksheet. His teacher used to send him to "hallway time-out." Now, the teacher ignores the planes and keeps Brady in the classroom

What is another example of extinction?

Defined by its effect

What is punishment defined by the specific behavior it follows, not by what it looks like (topography)

Appetitive-R-S^P^-

What is the chart for negative punishment?

A discriminative stimulus (S^D) signals the availability of reinforcement

What is the easiest way to think of discriminative stimulus?

1. You have gotten water from it in the past 2. In the presence of the water fountain, you are more likely to engage in certain responses that have resulted in water in the past then you are to do those responses when the fountain is absent

What is the example of S^D (discriminative stimulus) it was used in the video that said, A water fountain signals that water is available What does this mean? (2 things)

1. You have left a room through an unlocked door in the past 2. You are more likely to attempt to leave a room when an unlocked door is available rather than when the doors are all locked

What is the example of S^D (discriminative stimulus) it was used in the video that said, An unlocked door signals that escape is available as a reinforcer What does this mean? (2 things)

A gas pump signals that gas is available

What is the example of S^D of gas?

The light switch signals that light is available

What is the example of S^D of light?

The presence of mom signals that attention is available

What is the example of S^D of the presence of mom?

The presence of RBT signals that praise/tokens/treats are available

What is the example of S^D of the presence of the RBT?

Getting a speeding ticket and speeding less frequently in the future

What is the example of punishment that was used in the video regarding a speeding ticket?

The hockey player, the game, his rule violation, and the penalty box

What is the example of time-out from positive reinforcement used in the video in regards to ice hockey?

An antecedent is an environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest

What is the technical definition of an antecedent?

Money= A fine Activity box= "Time-out or a penalty box"

What would be the punishment for money? Access to an activity?

Negative punishment; his mom turning off the TV when Bart curses decreased the frequency of his cursing and turning off the TV means the TV was removed from his environment. Removed=negative decrease in frequency=punishment

When Bart curses while watching a TV show, his mom turns off the TV. Bart now curses less frequently when watching TV. Turning off the TV is what type of consequence? And why?

Cannot tell. Because we don't know whether it decreased the frequency of his cursing behavior

When Bart curses while watching a TV show, his mom turns off the TV. Turning off the TV is what type of consequence? And why?

Becky; because she signals the availability of good stuff, meaning a toy and a treat The toy Tim wants= consequence The tantrum= The behavior

When Becky took him to the doctor he threw a tantrum. She got him to stop by giving him a toy and a treat. Tim now throws tantrums every time Becky takes him to the doctor. Tim is the behaver. What is the likely S^D in this scenario? A. Becky B. The toy Tim wants C. The tantrum Why?

While the parent has been talking to someone else for a long time

When is attention from a parent more "valuable" to a child? When the parent has been talking to someone else for a long time Wow the parent is providing attention to the child While the parent is giving demands to the child

Evoke and abate

When talking about antecedents, what effect does it have on behavior? 2 things

Gets access to that specific reinforcer again (which in this case is the ice) When the 2 minute penalty is over, no matter what

When the player is placed in time-out from positive reinforcement in the penalty box, it doesn't matter if he/she is yelling, upset, or anything, the person is will still...

Reduces; S^D= punishment. Bc her Saying no to her son when he cries for cookies acts as a punishment, meaning that when he goes to the store with his mom in the future, he is less likely to engage in cookie asking behavior

When the son goes to the store his mother, she has no time for this his crying behavior. The son keeps crying for cookies. His mother tells him to stop complaining and gives him a little slap on the hand. The kid cries and screams but then he ends up calming down. Over time, the behavior ______. What type of discriminative stimulus is this and why?

Do NOT withdraw the request

When we present Donny with a request to wash his hands, he screams and cries. We decide to use escape extinction for this behavior. This means when he screams and cries after every request to "wash hands," we:

You are likely to do that same behavior again

When you do a specific behavior in a certain situation and that behavior gets reinforced in that specific situation, then later, when you are in a similar situation in the future, what happens?

Positive punishment; because spraying the water when the cat scratches the couch is added to the cat's environment and adding something means positive. And it decreased the future frequency of his scratching behavior, so that means it's punishment

Whenever Suki's cat scratches her leather couch, Suki sprays the cat with a water pistol. The cat's "scratching the couch" reduces in frequency over time. Spraying the water is what type of punishment? Why?

Results in a decrease in future behavior

Whether positive or negative, punishment always:

Extinction; and nothing happens in the environment

A boy goes to the grocery store with his grandmother who is deaf. Boy cries for cookies while with her but she can't hear him cry so over time, his cookie screaming behavior goes away. Now that doesn't mean it went away because of reinforcement or punishment. But continuously crying and not getting anything out of it causes this to be what type of discriminative stimulus?

Negative punishment; it is negative because the RBT removed the toy from her environment. Removed= negative. And it was punishment because if the child hits the furniture with the toy hammer less in the future this means there's a decrease in that behavior. Decrease=punishment

A child was playing with a toy hammer and using it to hit toy balls to go through go through the opening. But then, The child started using the hammer to hit the furniture. The RBT Took the hammer and the toy away. If the child hits furniture with the toy hammer less in the future, what type of consequence occurred? Why?

None; this is not an example of punishment; because the punisher was not really delivered since the toys were immediately given back. Just because someone looks sad, upset, or apologizes, does not mean that punishment has occurred. If removing the toys was the punisher then the toys must be removed for a period of time (as indicated by the behavior plan)

A child was playing with a toy hammer and using it to hit toy balls to go through go through the opening. But then, The child started using the hammer to hit the furniture. The RBT Took the hammer and the toy away. The child apologized to the RBT, so the RBT gave the child the toy back. Based on this, what type of consequence occurred? Positive punishment Negative punishment None; this is not an example of punishment WHY?

S^D for reinforcement; because his presence evokes the son asking for a cookie. And reinforcement means it increases the likelihood of the kid's behavior in the future

A dad takes his son to the grocery store. When they reach the cookie aisle his son cries for a cookie. His dad doesn't want to look like a bad parent so he gives into his son and give him the cookie and his son stops crying. So now, every time the sun goes to the store with his dad, he cries for cookies. What type of discriminative stimulus is the dad and why?

No, because it did not decrease the future frequency of his hitting behavior

A mother is using her phone and her son begins to slap the phone that is in her hand. She tells her son to stop hitting the phone but her son just laughs. Her son does it again and she tells him once more to stop and he continues to laugh. And this process happens again and again. Is this an example of punishment? Why?

Less likely to happen again in the future Positive punishment

A specific stimulus is presented (added) or magnified (increased). As a result, that type of response is.... The stimulus is ....

Less likely to happen again in the future Negative punishment

A specific stimulus is removed (terminated) or reduced (lessened) and as a result, that type of response is .... This stimulus is...

Extinction burst

A sudden increase in the target behavior that is short-lived

Aggression or emotional responding

Which of the following may be a possible side effect of extinction? -Loss of all progress -Aggression or emotional responding -Increased responding due to increased to reinforcement -Increase in all behavior

It is always due to a past history of delivery of reinforcement for that behavior in the presence of the S^D

Why does a discriminative stimulus (S^D) signal the availability of reinforcement?

Behaviors Events in the environment-not stimui

All responses exhibited by the behaver are _____. They are not.....

Immediate Temporary

An EO is an _____ and _____ effect. It only last while the EO is in play

Reinforced more often when that stimulus is present as opposed to when it is not

An antecedent stimulus exerts control over a response when a target response is....

Loses 50 points= response cost

Antecedent appetitive= Has 100 points The target response= Threatens to hit peer What is the negative punishment?

All food is removed

Antecedent appetitive= Plate of food The target response= Steals other's food What is the negative punishment?

2 minutes in the penalty box (removed from the ice)

Antecedent appetitive= Playing hockey The target response= Trips another player What is the negative punishment?

Game is turned off

Antecedent appetitive= Video game on The target response= Kicks brother What is the negative punishment?

Immediate

Antecedents have a(n) ______ effect on behavior

Immediate; they make the behavior more or less likely to occur right now

Antecedents have what type of effect? Why?

Appetitive= something that the behaver wants to keep R= the target response for reduction S^P^- = the appetitive is taken away or access is removed

Appetitive= R= S^P^-=

Cannot tell; not enough information to tell whether his behavior increased or decreased or if she ever corrected him before

Bart swears and his mom ignores him. Is this an example of extinction? Yes, no, or cannot tell? And why?

No because his mom did something about the behavior (turned off the tv). If she did nothing then it would be extinction

Bart swears and his mom turns off his TV. Bart's swearing decreases over time. Is this an example of extinction? Yes or no and why?

Fire alarm sound

Jax and Mukul are playing cards. The fire alarm sounds and Mukul covers his ears. If "covering ears" is the target behavior, the antecedent is the________

Negative reinforcement

Leaving the place you don't like is no loss. It can actually function as a

Abate

Less likely to happen now=

Yes, because the mother telling the teenager to fold the towels bc she was late so the teenager realized that if she came home on time, then she wouldn't have to fold the towels. So this decreased the future frequency of the teenager coming home late

Mom demands that the teenager folds the towels because she came home late after school. The teenager does it. The next day, the teenager arrives home on time and her mother gives her praise. Is this an example of punishment? Why or why not?

1. Occur before behavior 3. Can make behavior more likely to occur now (evoke) 5. Can make behavior less likely to her now (abate)

Multiple select Select all that are TRUE of antecedents 1. Occur before behavior 2. Occur after behavior 3. Can make behavior more likely to occur now(evoke) 4. Strengthen behavior(make it more likely to occur in the future) 5. Can make behavior less likely to make her now (abate) 6. Weaken behavior (make it less likely to occur in the future)

"Punishment by Penalty"

Negative punishment also may be referred to as ...

Removal of something that is bad or not acceptable

Negative reinforcement is maintained by the ...

More valuable the food is when you get it

Not eating for a while creates the EO. The longer you go without eating...

S^🔼 (delta) for extinction

S^🔼=

Yes because the pad protects his arm but the scratching behavior can still occur. He is just scratching the covering pad which does not harm him

Skip scratches his arm until it bleeds. His treatment team puts a soft pad on his arm to protect his skin. Now he scratches the pad without injuring himself and his scratching has decreased. Is this an example of extinction? Yes or no and why?