Module 6

Polygamy has been illegal in the United States since -1250 -1878 -1584 -1933

1878

Around 1950, family sociologists described a standard pattern of marriage at about age 20 for women and age ____ for men -18 -20 -22 -26

22

Throughout the first half of the twentieth century, __________ percent of marriages lasted until the children left home. -80 -70 -60 -50

80

Expectations for permanence derive from the fact that, historically, marriage has been a practical social institution. -True -False

True

Polyamory refers to marriages in which one or both spouses retain the option to sexually and emotionally love others in addition to their spouse. -True -False

True

The family as a social institution rests on the marriage premise of permanence and sexual exclusivity. -True -False

True

According to family historian Stephanie Coontz, the institution of marriage has changed from being seen as the fundamental unit of work and politics to being ____________________. -like a yoke for paired oxen -expected by the extended family unit -an economic unit -a haven in a heartless world

a haven in a heartless world

With few cross-cultural or historical exceptions, marriages have been expected to -result in divorce. -produce children. -be lifelong undertakings. -be based on love.

be lifelong undertakings.

A key difference between swinging and polyamory is that in the case of polyamory, outside relationships -are exclusively sexual. -can be emotional as well as sexual. -are always emotional as well as sexual. -are exclusively emotional, but not sexual.

can be emotional as well as sexual.

Policy advocates from a marital __________ perspective are mainly concerned about the high number and proportions of parents and children living in poverty. -change -decline -advocacy -traditionalist

change

Other societies, and past societies, tended to be more __________, where people identify with and conform to the expectations of their extended kin. -individualistic -collectivistic -libertarian -progressive

collectivistic

The proportion of children under age eighteen living with two married parents __________ over the past 30 years. -rose dramatically -rose steadily -declined steadily -remained the same

declined steadily

Parents and children, along with other relatives such as in-laws, grandparents, aunts and uncles, and cousins are included in the __________ family. -extended -nuclear -conjugal -fictive

extended

Policy advocates from a __________ perspective are concerned with the breakdown of the family including money spent on welfare. -family change -family erosion -family cycling -family decline

family decline

Some groups have friends who are so close that they are hardly distinguished from actual relatives. These relationships are referred to as "__________" kin. -conjugal -extended -nuclear -fictive

fictive

All of the following have been identified as potentially problematic topics for couples in first marriages EXCEPT -balancing job and family. -sexual frequency. -finding agreement in political views. -agreeing on how much time to spend together.

finding agreement in political views.

About what percentage of married couples in the U.S. are same-sex couples? -one-half of one percent -two percent -five percent -ten percent

five percent

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in the last 50 years, the marriage rate has __________. -generally declined -declined only slightly -stayed consistent -risen significantly

generally declined

Same-sex couples have successfully challenged ______, or the idea that heterosexuality is the only normal or acceptable option. -the marriage gap -misogyny -heteronormativity -homophobia

heteronormativity

In a(n) __________ marriage, which dominates Americans' goals for marriage today, partners expect companionship and intimacy as well as more practical benefits. -institutional -companionate -individualized -arranged

individualized

Considerable research supports the overall conclusion that growing up with married parents -has no effect on children -is worse for children -is better for children -is so uncommon we have no data to analyze

is better for children

What is the key function of marriage for most Americans? -a practical, economic institution -love and ongoing emotional support -childbearing and rearing -merging two families

love and ongoing emotional support

That marriages should involve romance and lead to personal happiness is a uniquely __________ idea. -Western -communal -modern -collectivist

modern

Compared with family members in unmarried households, spouses as a category have -less wealth. -overall lower levels of health. -more frequent sex. -higher rates of alcoholism.

more frequent sex.

Parents, brothers, and sisters are part of a person's family of -procreation. -origin. -orientation. -dominance.

orientation.

In Europe, requirements for women's sexual exclusivity emerged to maintain the ______ line of descent. -polygamous -matriarchal -polyamorous -patriarchal

patriarchal

According to the text, permanence and sexual exclusivity are two every important elements of the marriage -dialogue. -premise. -contract. -dynamic.

premise.

Personalizing a role by modifying or adjusting the expectations traditionally assigned to it is called -role-making -boundary-setting -marital sanctification -marital navigation

role-making

According to the ______ hypothesis, many of the benefits of marriage result from the personal characteristics of those who marry. -selection -companionate -individualized -romantic

selection

Which of the following is NOT one of the five major social institutions as identified by social scientists? -family -religion -sports -education

sports

With a group of other married couples, Melissa and Bobby regularly exchange partners in order to engage in purely recreational sex. This reflects a practice known as -polyamory. -cohabiting. -polygamy. -swinging.

swinging.

Middle-class Americans often dream of attaining "the white picket fence." That is, they see marriage as an opportunity for idealized domesticity within the "haven" of their own single-family home. Which marriage does this describe? -the institutional marriage bond -the companionate marriage bond -the individualized marriage bond -the cohabitation bond

the companionate marriage bond

For Hispanics today, la familia means -the extended family only. -the nuclear family only. -the conjugal family only. -the extended as well as the nuclear family.

the extended as well as the nuclear family.

Marriage partners now expect love and emotional intimacy, open communication, role flexibility, gender equality, and personal growth. Which does this describe? -the institutional marriage bond -the companionate marriage bond -the individualized marriage bond -the cohabitation bond

the individualized marriage bond

Almost ________ percent of the never-married tell pollsters that they do want to marry. -one-third -half -two-thirds -three-quarters

two-thirds

Polls show that both male and female spouses are far more likely than others to say that they are "very happy." Nearly __________ of marrieds say they are "very happy," compared to less than half of unmarrieds. -three-fourths -two-thirds -more than half -half

two-thirds