Module 6 Quiz Practice

Match each lab to the statement that best describes a conclusion we can draw from its evidence. -Encoding Specificity -Link Word -Implicit Learning options: -recall of information is strongest when we relate information to our own experiences -unconscious learning is often more accurate than our conscious attempts to remember -some encoding strategies make it much easier to recall information later

-Encoding Specificity= unconscious learning is often more accurate than our conscious attempts to remember -Link Word= some encoding strategies make it much easier to recall information later -Implicit Learning= recall of information is strongest when we relate information to our own experiences

Match each CogLab to the best description of its procedure. -Implicit Learning -Link Word -Encoding Specificity options: -participants learned French words and later had to recall their meanings -participants indicated the location of a red dot as fast as they could -participants indicated if one word in a pair had been seen before (during the study phase)

-Implicit Learning= participants indicated the location of a red dot as fast as they could -Link Word= participants learned French words and later had to recall their meanings -Encoding Specificity= participants indicated if one word in a pair had been seen before (during the study phase)

Match each lab to the statement that best describes a conclusion we can draw from its evidence. -Link Word -Encoding Specificity -Implicit Learning options: -we remember information best when we encounter it again in the exact same context -we track and store information even we aren't attempting to "learn" something -some encoding strategies make it much easier to recall information later

-Link Word= some encoding strategies make it much easier to recall information later -Encoding Specificity= we remember information best when we encounter it again in the exact same context -Implicit Learning= we track and store information even we aren't attempting to "learn" something

Match each subdivision of LTM with its most accurate description. -procedural memory -explicit ltm -episodic memory -implicit ltm -semantic memory options: -the factual and conceptual knowledge that we have stored -the memories of our own experiences -memories that we store and "use" wihtout being aware of either -a type of implicit memory that involves carrying out a task -memories we are aware that we are creating and recalling

-procedural memory= a type of implicit memory that involves carrying out a task -explicit ltm= memories we are aware that we are creating and recalling -episodic memory= the memories of our own experiences -implicit ltm= memories that we store and "use" without being aware of either -semantic memory= the factual and conceptual knowledge that we have stored

How would you describe the relationship between elaborative rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal in terms of establishing long-term memories? a. Elaborative is more effective than maintenance. b. Maintenance is more effective than elaborative. c. Both are equally effective in all learning circumstances. d. Each one is sometimes more effective, depending on the learning circumstances.

a. (Elaborative is more effective than maintenance.)

According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words? a. Making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned b. Deciding how many vowels each word has c. Generating a rhyming word for each word to be remembered d. Repeating the words over and over in your mind

a. (Making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned)

Which example below best demonstrates state-dependent learning? a. Last night, at the grocery store, DeShaun ran into a psychology professor he took a class with three semesters ago. He recognized her right away. b. Even though Walt hasn't been to the beach cottage his parents owned since he was a child, he still has many fond memories of time spent there as a family. c. Although Emily doesn't very often think about her first love, Steve, she can't help getting caught up in happy memories when "their song" (the first song they danced to) plays on the radio. d. Carmen always suffers test anxiety in her classes. To combat this, she tries to relax when she studies. She thinks it's best to study while lying in bed, reading by candlelight with soft music playing.

c. (Although Emily doesn't very often think about her first love, Steve, she can't help getting caught up in happy memories when "their song" (the first song they danced to) plays on the radio.)

Which statement below is most closely associated with levels of processing theory? a. Information enters memory by passing through a number of levels, beginning with sensory memory, then short-term memory, then long-term memory. b. Events that are repeated enough can influence our behavior, even after we have forgotten the original events. c. Deep processing involves paying closer attention to a stimulus than shallow processing and results in better processing. d. People who were sad when they studied did better when they were sad during testing.

c. (Deep processing involves paying closer attention to a stimulus than shallow processing and results in better processing.)

Which describes the results pattern that is observed in the Encoding Specificity Lab? a. People begin to predict correctly where the dot will appear. b. People are better at remembering the words that apply to them. c. People recall a word better when it appears again with the same partner. d. People believe that they will be more accurate at recalling the words than they actually are.

c. (People recall a word better when it appears again with the same partner.)

According to memory research, studying is most effective if study sessions are a. short but all on a single day. b. long and all on a single day. c. short and across several days. d. long and across several days.

c. (short and across several days.)

The principle that we encode information together with its context is known as encoding a. consolidation. b. priming. c. specificity. d. transcription.

c. (specificity.)

When the methods used to encode and retrieve information are the same, this is called ________ processing. a. state-dependent b. stimulus-fluency c. transfer-appropriate d. recall-potentiation

c. (transfer-appropriate)

The concept of encoding specificity is grounded in which of the following? a. Task b. Structure c. Mood d. Location

d. (Location)

People often report an annoying memory failure when they walk from one end of the house to the other for something and then forget what they wanted when they reach their destination. As soon as they return to the first room, they are reminded of what they wanted in the first place. This common experience best illustrates the principle of a. the self-reference effect. b. maintenance rehearsal. c. levels of processing theory. d. encoding specificity.

d. (encoding specificity.)

Which of the following would most appropriately be described as an implicit long term memory? a. Being able to ride a bike b. Remember how to drive from your house to the library c. Remembering to send your grandmother a thank you note d. Being able to list the five Great Lakes

a. (Being able to ride a bike)

Elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by a. repeating it over and over. b. linking the new word to a previously learned concept. c. using it in a sentence. d. thinking of its synonyms and antonyms.

a. (repeating it over and over.)

Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval. This is called a. transfer-appropriate processing. b. episodic-based processing. c. elaborative rehearsal. d. personal semantic memory.

a. (transfer-appropriate processing.)

All aspects of our memory system work together to create our experiences. But, which comment below seems to be describing primarily working memory? a. I use a trick for remember the names of the Great Lakes! HOMES stands for Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior! b. Textbooks are a nightmare for me to read! By the time I get to the bottom of the paragraph, I forget what the first sentence even said! c. I studied for hours for the biology exam, but when I got there, everything just went blank! d. I can't understand why my sister remembers everything from elementary school and I have hardly any early memories!

b. (Textbooks are a nightmare for me to read! By the time I get to the bottom of the paragraph, I forget what the first sentence even said!)

What do the findings of Link Word CogLab suggest? a. Rhyming is a more powerful method of encoding than simply repeating a list of words. b. Visual images can act as strong retrieval cues for information. c. Information is best recalled when the encoding task matches the retrieval task. d. Spacing concepts out over time leads to the most effective memory for information.

b. (Visual images can act as strong retrieval cues for information.)

In Slameka and Graf's (1978) study, some participants read word pairs, while other participants had to fill in the blank letters of the second word in a pair with a word related to the first word. The latter group performed better on a later memory task, illustrating the a. spacing effect. b. generation effect. c. cued recall effect. d. multiple trace hypothesis.

b. (generation effect.)

Research shows that ___________ does not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material. a. organization b. highlighting c. making up questions about the material d. feedback

b. (highlighting)

Bransford and Johnson's study had participants hear a passage, which turned out to be about a man on the street serenading his girlfriend in a tall building. The results of this study illustrated the importance of ___________ in forming reliable long-term memories. a. implicit memory b. organizational context c. maintenance rehearsal d. depth of processing

b. (organizational context)

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of ___________ in long-term memory. a. long-term potentiation b. retrieval cues c. elaborative rehearsal d. mass practice

b. (retrieval cues)

Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if a. the person remembering generates their own retrieval cues. b. the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task. c. there is deep processing during acquisition of the new material. d. imagery is used to create connections among items to be transferred into long-term memory.

b. (the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task.)

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates how effective or ineffective maintenance rehearsal is in transferring information into long-term memory? a. Sanjay recalls his grandmother's house where he grew up, even though he hasn't been there for 22 years. b. Ben learned his martial arts moves by making up "short stories" and mental images to describe each movement. c. Renee starred in the lead role of her high school play a few years ago. Although she helped write the play and based her character on her own life, she cannot remember many of the actual lines of dialogue anymore. d. Serena's keys were stolen from her purse. She cannot give a detailed description of her keychain to the police, even though she used it every day for three years.

d. (Serena's keys were stolen from her purse. She cannot give a detailed description of her keychain to the police, even though she used it every day for three years.)