MODULE 7 - RESEARCH PROCESS

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After writing his thesis statement, Andre is now ready to --- write a bibliography. xxx write a first draft of his research paper. research a new question. put together an abstract.

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Dharshi has narrowed her topic and is ready to begin developing a research question associated with her topic. Her next step could be to --- look for all the available sources on her topic. work up a bibliography on her topic and add annotations after she reads each article. find an academic journal entirely devoted to her topic. list all the different aspects of the topic that she can.

peer-reviewed article

Dr. Collins is an economist who published an article about the global impact of the coronavirus on trade. Before it was published, her article was reviewed by other economists. Her article would be considered a --- bibliography. peer-reviewed article. scholarly journal. database.

Data and Methods

Naima is working on a science research question and she has found some scholarly articles she wants to use. After reviewing each abstract, she is still uncertain if the articles support the same approach she is using in her paper. What parts of the articles might she review to ensure the sources used a similar approach? --- Data and Methods Summary and Peer-Review Notes Bibliography and Author Biography Results and Conclusions

Use the bibliography, or list of consulted works, in the one paper to find others.

Coltrane has struggled to find enough useful sources for his paper, but he has found one really great one; his instructor wants him to use at least 5 sources. What might be his next step? --- Use the abstract to see if it mentions any other sources. Use the bibliography, or list of consulted works, in the one paper to find others. Use the data and methods sections of the article to see if other studies are mentioned. Use the conclusion/discussion section to see if other important articles are referenced.

There isn't a difference.

Frances is having trouble seeing the difference between "Relevance" and the previous discussion on "Suitability." What is the difference? --- Suitability is the same thing as accuracy. There isn't a difference. Relevance is more important than suitability. Suitability is more important than relevance.

Use the abstract, or the summary, to determine if the article is worth reading in full.

Kelsey has found several hundred pages worth of articles that might work for her research assignment. What is the easist way for her to determine quickly which ones will work and which won't? --- Use the bibliography, or list of cited sources. Look for footnotes or end notes that might reference similar studies or articles on the same topic. Use the abstract, or the summary, to determine if the article is worth reading in full. Google the article's author to see what else he or she might have written.

Currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose

The acronym CRAAP can help you remember what to look for when determining if a potential source is trustworthy. What do those initials stand for? --- Currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and persuasive Currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose Currency, rationality, authority, accuracy, and purpose Currency, relevance, ambiguity, accuracy, and purpose

Google Scholar is a specialized search engine, focused on academic journals and articles.

Typing in the Google box is just one way to search. Google also includes advanced search options as well as Google Scholar. What is one advantage of using Google Scholar? --- Google Scholar is a specialized search engine, focused on academic journals and articles. Google Scholar only includes articles in the humanities or social sciences. Google Scholar offers articles from American journals only. Google Scholar will bring back a wider and broader variety of sources.

Holidays around the world > Jewish holidays around the world > Hanukkah celebrations in New York City

Which one of the following topics is effectively narrowed? --- Kendrick Lamar > Hip-hop artists > Hip-hop artists who have won the Pulitzer Prize Casablanca > Romantic War Movies > War Movies American Beauty Rose > Flowers that smell good > Flowers Holidays around the world > Jewish holidays around the world > Hanukkah celebrations in New York City

bad

Is the following working thesis statement good or bad for a research paper? Man has had a major impact on the environment. --- good bad

Trace claims, quotes, and media to the original context.

Floyd reads a Facebook post that makes the claim that designer mutts, like LabraDoodles and GoldenDoodles, are great options for blind people who also have allergies to regular guide dogs. This seems right to him, but he wants to stop and investigate the source of this post, since anyone can post anything on Facebook. He searches for better coverage of this issue but still needs to know more. What's the last of the four moves he should employ? ---- Find another Facebook friend who makes the same post. Multiple posts mean the claim is more likely. Look on Reddit or another online posting source to see if anyone has written about the subject there. Trace claims, quotes, and media to the original context. Check with a local expert Floyd knows well, like his veterinarian.

The same information can be found in other reliable sources.

Accuracy is an important part of the CRAAP Method for evaluating a source. What is one sign that an article is accurate? --- Bibliography of sources used is inadequate or non-existent. Facts cannot be verified or are contradicted in other sources. Sources used are known to be unreliable or highly biased. The same information can be found in other reliable sources.

She should learn how to use Boolean operators like AND or NOT.

Amel is working with a library database for the first time and quickly realizes that she can't just type a question in ordinary language and expect an answer. What is an important thing to learn before she goes forward in her research? --- She should learn how to use Boolean operators like AND or NOT. She should learn to use mathematical functions like Cosine and Sine, because library databases will understand that language better. She should learn to read/write Latin, since most of these databases use Latin for their search terms. She should learn to write in computer languages like PASCAL or FORTRAN, since the database will understand her request better that way.

Doing a search for the author of the really great source she's already found.

Calliope has found a number of really good sources for her research project. She needs just a couple more. One article, in particular, has been really useful to her work. What is one smart way to find the remaining sources she needs? --- Going back and reading the Wikipedia entry for her topic. Doing a search for the author of the really great source she's already found. Reading the data and methods sections of all the articles she's already found. Reading the abstract of the useful article she's already found.

Investigate — find out who the author is and why they made the video

Camille just finished watching an online news video on Facebook. The information discussed provides a counter argument to Camille's thesis claims, but she has never heard of the news company before. What should Camille do to better understand the source of the news report? --- Trace claims Find better coverage Stop — think critically by seeking to understand, maintaining an open mind, and avoiding being too emotionally overcharged Investigate — find out who the author is and why they made the video

investigate the source.

Francesca decided to consider a source from the internet that makes an outrageous claim about conspiracy theories. She has already completed the first of the four moves -- she stopped and thought critically about the article. She is now ready to . . . --- investigate the source. find a more current source. look for information that confirms her own biases. remain unemotional.

She should consider revising her original research question.

After Zalea worked on her research project, she realized that the most interesting part was not the answer to "why" something happened but instead "how" it happened. What should she do next? --- She must stick with her original research question. She should consider revising her original research question. She must abandon this topic and start over with a new topic. She must completely start over and re-do all of her research.

Investigate the source

Alberto has found a good source from an expert in the field for his research project on HIV treatments. However, the expert is also selling his own cure, that seems to be untested by federal agencies. Alberto is thinking about rejecting the source entirely based on which of the fours moves? --- Find trusted coverage Trace claims, quotes, and media back to the original context Think critically Investigate the source

Trace claims, quotes, and media back to the original context.

Alice has found a photo of young people at a tourist spot in the Caribbean hanging out in a way that makes them look unconcerned about the poverty around them. It seems to support her claim that college-aged tourism is a privileged experience that harms the local community in some way. But she is also worried that the photo perhaps mis-represents what is going on in the scene. Which of the four steps might help her evaluate the truth of the photo? --- Trace claims, quotes, and media back to the original context. Investigate the source. Look for different photos from the same photographer. Stop and think critically.

An article that is obviously inaccurate with its reported data should be rejected.

Cho is working on her research project and has identified several potential sources. She discarded one article that was obviously biased and another because it was not written by an expert. What is a third reason to reject a source? --- An article that was written recently, using very current data, should be rejected. An article that was originally published in a scholarly journal should be rejected. An article that was written by an expert should be rejected. An article that is obviously inaccurate with its reported data should be rejected.

Search engines, particularly scholarly search engines and library database search engines, can help identify sources that are truly authoritative and credible.

Constance understands that she needs to find authoritative and credible sources for her paper; she also understands that it's better to find a smaller number of these useful sources, rather than a vast number of sources that she'll have to look at individually to determine if they're authoritative and credible. What information might help her manage her search for "quality" rather than "quantity." --- Search engines, particularly scholarly search engines and library database search engines, can help identify sources that are truly authoritative and credible. Encyclopedias are a great way to find sources for a research writing assignment. Wikipedia is a great place to go for authoritative and credible sources; it is great for academic research. Google is great for academic searches; it brings back the largest amount of matches, because it searches the largest possible number of sources.

She should share her information by writing a draft of her paper that includes well-chosen examples from the data/information she gathered.

Cydney is a sociology major and has been given a research writing assignment on the political movement Black Lives Matter. She puts together a research question to answer, conducts extensive research, and writes a thesis statement answering her original research question. What should she do next? --- She should revisit her thesis statement and revise it to better match the results she expected before she began her research. She should compile a bibliography that includes all of the sources she consulted for her research, providing annotations where needed. She should share her information by writing a draft of her paper that includes well-chosen examples from the data/information she gathered. She should go back and do more research to answer new questions that came up during her research process.

An annotated bibliography is a list of all Dwight's sources, including full citation information, with notes on how the source could be used.

Dwight's English teacher has assigned an annotated bibliography as part of his research writing assignment. What is an annotated bibliography? --- An annotated bibliography is just a different way of organizing Dwight's notes about his research. An annotated bibliography is a list of all the sources Dwight plans to use in his paper. An annotated bibliography is a list of all Dwight's sources, including full citation information, with notes on how the source could be used. An annotated bibliography is a list of all the different topics Dwight considered during his initial brainstorming for this paper.

An annotation should include a critique or evaluation of the credibility of the source.

Each annotation in an annotated bibliography should include the complete bibliographic information for the source in addition to a brief summary of the source. What other information should be included in each annotation? --- Notes about all of the other works by this same author. A short bio of the author of the source/article/book. An annotation should include a critique or evaluation of the credibility of the source. A complete literature review on the topic of the research assignment.

Narrow the search into a subtopic, determine some essential key terms, and add them into the search box with the word "and" between each key term.

Gisella wants to find sources on her essay topic: the role of the vice president in deciding national security matters. She begins searching on Google Scholar, but gets too many results. Which strategy should she use to make this search more productive? --- Narrow your topic into a subtopic, write a complete sentence for your research question, and type the entire question into the search box. Make sure that the "Import Citations" box in the Settings section is unchecked. Determine some essential key terms, and add them into the search box with the word "or" between each key term. Narrow the search into a subtopic, determine some essential key terms, and add them into the search box with the word "and" between each key term.

The keywords, headings, and bibliography of the first scholarly article.

Gopal has discovered an extremely useful scholarly article for his research project on fast food consumer behavior. He wants to find out what other writers have to say about the topic, to identify a conversation between scholars. Where should he look to find this information? --- The online library catalog at his school. Start a new unrelated search in a research database. Review his instructor's online PowerPoint presentation on the subject. The keywords, headings, and bibliography of the first scholarly article.

A book analyzing the results of Marie Curie's scientific research.

Guillermo is worried about determining which sources are primary and which sources are secondary for his paper on the scientist Marie Curie. Which item is a good example of a secondary source? --- The lab results of Marie Curie's own experiments, that she published herself during her lifetime. A book analyzing the results of Marie Curie's scientific research. Marie Curie's own notebooks that capture the results of her experiments in her own words. The text of a speech Marie Curie delivered upon winning the Nobel Prize for Physics.

Stop and think critically about the article.

Haku is working on his research assignment and wants to use the four moves to examine a potential source. The source is politically charged, and Haku has passionate beliefs about a position on this issue. What should be his first step? --- Stop and think critically about the article. Trace all the quotes back to see who said them originally. Determine if the article came from an online source or a print source. Learn the background of the author of the article.

create a question that your research will address.

If you are following a strong research plan, you will --- email the author of the first helpful book you find. create a question that your research will address. write a blog post about your topic. start writing and revising your paper before conducting your research.

When was the item of information published or produced?

In the CRAAP method, the letter "C" stands for Currency. What is the key question you should ask yourself to determine Currency? --- When was the item of information published or produced? Did this article appear in an academic journal on Electrical Engineering? How much money did the writers of this study earn when they created it? Did this article appear in an academic journal on Global Monetary Policy?

bad - Even if it is true, it is too local and narrow to be supported with national or scholarly research. Sources would probably be limited to local newspaper articles and personal interviews. Can you make those sources "stretch" across a 10 page research paper? Not likely.

Is the following working thesis statement good or bad? Marijuana use in Mishawaka, Indiana has been a problem for law enforcement since the 1970s. --- good bad

It narrows the subject to the single point that readers should understand.

Isabel needs to create a working thesis statement for her research project. What is one function of a strong working thesis statement? --- It includes lots of references to sources, with citations in place. It provides data in charts and graphs to support the main idea of the paper. It broadens the subject to include a wide range of possibilities for the paper. It narrows the subject to the single point that readers should understand.

Create a one-sentence answer to his research question about the environment.

Israel has a research writing assignment where the topic should be a complex current event. He decides to try to answer a research question about the environment. He consults the 10-12 sources recommended by his instructor and is now ready for the next step in the research writing process. What should he do next? --- Create a one-sentence answer to his research question about the environment. Compile a bibliography that includes all of the sources he consulted for his research. Create an abstract, or one-paragraph summary of his paper. Write a first draft of his paper, including evidence and information from his sources, with citations and a bibliography provided.

An annotated bibliography lists all of his potential sources, and he adds notes about how he might use each one in his paper.

Jaime has way too many sources for his research paper, but he is struggling to figure out how to select the best ones, the ones that will support his thesis best. His instructor suggests putting together an annotated bibliography. How might this help Jaime? --- An annotated bibliography summarizes and synthesizes all of the major arguments from experts on his topic. An annotated bibliography lists all of his potential sources, and he adds notes about how he might use each one in his paper. An annotated bibliography will not be useful for Jaime's needs at this point. An annotated bibliography includes short biographies of all the writers of his sources so he can tell who is the best.

Currency

Jakara is considering a source for her research paper that uses data that is over 40 years old. Because her thesis examines a more recent issue, she is considering excluding this potential source from her paper. What aspect of the C.R.A.A.P. method is she utilizing in her thinking? --- Authority Currency Purpose Relevance

Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, PURPOSE

Jimmy is trying to determine if his sources are trustworthy and reliable. His instructor suggests using the CRAAP method. What do those letters stand for? --- Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose Currency, Reverence, Authority, Accuracy, Point of View Catalogued, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Point of View Conviction, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose

All material in a database is evaluated for accuracy and credibility by subject experts and publishers.

Joey already knows how to do a Google search and wonders why it's so important to learn how to use a library, or specialized, database. What is one reason a library database can be superior for academic research projects? --- All material in a database is evaluated for accuracy and credibility by subject experts and publishers. The library database is updated and maintained by your local college librarian, so you can ask them for help. The items found in a library database are all available in print versions at the local library on campus. All material in a library, or specialized, database is free to everyone.

Google Scholar

Mary Jo understands that she needs to find authoritative and credible sources for her paper; she also understands that it's better to find a smaller number of these useful sources, rather than a vast number of sources that she'll have to look at individually to determine if they're authoritative and credible. What might help her manage her search for "quality" rather than "quantity." --- An Encyclopedia Google Scholar Google Wikipedia

Will the information in the article contribute useful information to Kima's research paper?

Kima is considering a potential source for her research writing assignment on teen pregnancy. She is using the C.R.A.A.P. method to determine if she should use this source. What should she think about to determine if the potential source has Relevance? --- Does the article agree with Kima's thesis? Will the information in the article contribute useful information to Kima's research paper? Does the article use data that was recently collected? Is the author of the article an expert in the field?

A library database can generate an MLA or APA citation automatically.

Library databases can be quite valuable in a research project. What is one benefit they offer? --- A library database requires you to purchase a subscription to use it. A library database can generate an MLA or APA citation automatically. A library database includes ONLY books and nothing else. A library database includes only digital items available on the internet, so it is always current.

She should look at other research results to see how many times the author of this source is cited, and determine her author's credentials on the topic.

Maile has found a source for a research essay. She needs to evaluate its authority before deciding whether to use it. Which strategy should she use? --- She should see if the article agrees with the point she's trying to prove in her own paper, and then use it if the author has the same ideas. She should figure out how long the publication that printed this source has been around. She should look at other research results to see how many times the author of this source is cited, and determine her author's credentials on the topic. She should figure out how many total publications this author has on all subjects, and read the author's Wikipedia page.

Consult the abstract of each article first.

Manish thinks he's found a set of good sources for his research paper. He doesn't have time to read all 20 of them because many of them are very long. What might he do instead? --- Read the biography of the article's author. Consult the abstract of each article first. Eliminate any article that doesn't include graphs and charts illustrating data. Focus on the data section in the articles first.

A library database is evaluated for accuracy and credibility by experts in the subject area.

Maria is working on her research assignment, and she is having trouble determining what is a "good" source versus what is just something a non-expert posted on the internet. How might a library database help her? --- A library database requires you to purchase a subscription to use it. A library database includes only digital items available on the internet, so it is always current. A library database includes ONLY books and nothing else. A library database is evaluated for accuracy and credibility by experts in the subject area.

Currency, Relevance, *Authority* , Accuracy, Purpose

Marisa is trying to determine if one of her sources is trustworthy and reliable. Her instructor recommends using the C.R.A.A.P. method. What do those letters stand for? --- Currency, Relevance, Ambition, Accuracy, Point of View Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose Currency, Relevance, Ambition, Accuracy, Purpose Currency, Relevance, Argument, Accuracy, Purpose

Is the source written by a well-known authority or expert?

Meredith has located several sources for her research project. Now she is trying to determine the suitability of those articles. What is one question to ask to determine if the source is suitable? --- Did you find the source using a Google search? Is the source written by a well-known authority or expert? Was the source available in a print book rather than an online journal? Was the source available on the shelves of your local campus library?

A specialized database

Miranda is working on her research project and has found several good books to use. She now wants to locate several scholarly articles that focus on specific aspects of her topic -- how pandemics re-shape our society's approach to public health in large metropolitan areas. Where might she look next? --- JSTOR Bing Google Scholar A specialized database

The story of Graham Sutherland's 1954 portrait of Winston Churchill

Narrowing your topic can be a very important part of the start of your research paper. Which of the following seem like research topics that are appropriately narrow? --- The story of Graham Sutherland's 1954 portrait of Winston Churchill Italian Renaissance Painters and their works British Painters of the 20th Century Famous paintings of the Kings and Queens of Europe

list all the different aspects of the topic that you can.

Once you've narrowed your topic successfully, you should begin developing a research question associated with your topic. One way to start is to --- list all the different aspects of the topic that you can. work up a bibliography on your topic and add annotations after you read each article. look for all the available sources on your topic. find an academic journal entirely devoted to your topic.

how, why, or what.

Once your topic is narrowed down, creating a research question to answer involves asking a question about your topic. Such questions often include the words --- examine, detail, or explain. how, why, or what. find, use, or define. see, taste, or smell.

Key terms are essential words you would expect to find across all relevant sources.

One strategy for beginning Internet research is to limit your search to key terms rather than just typing in your research question. Why are key terms more useful? --- Key terms are easier for Google search to understand. Key terms are essential words you would expect to find across all relevant sources. Key terms include academic and non-academic words. Key terms are shorter than the entire research question.

What specific aspect of this general topic am I most interested in?

One strategy for narrowing a broad topic is to ask yourself questions. One of those questions is: --- What specific aspect of this general topic am I most interested in? How can I examine all of the aspects of this topic in my paper? What part of this topic has the longest article in Wikipedia that I could cite? Which particular feature or subtopic seems to have the most controversy surrounding it?

A library catalog

Pascal is working on finding sources for his research project. His instructor has stipulated that one source must be from a printed traditional book, rather than an online article or journal. Where should he start his search for that book? --- A research database His instructor's online PowerPoint presentations His roommate's bookshelf A library catalog

Will this source help me answer the research questions that I am posing in my project?

Patrick is struggling to understand the difference between suitability and trustworthiness. What question could Patrick ask himself to help determine suitability? --- Is this source timely and important? Is this source from a credible authority or expert on the subject? What is the rhetoric context or situation for this source? Was it written for a specific audience? Will this source help me answer the research questions that I am posing in my project?

???

Patrick is working on a research assignment, and he needs to determine if a source is a good one for his project. One source seems too good to be true, and he doubts the truth of the claims in it. Which of The Four Moves addresses double checking the accuracy of your source by finding other sources on the same topic? --- Find better coverage. He should read what other people say about the source. Stop. He should confirm his own bias. Investigate the source. He should find out who the author is. Trace claims. He should investigate claims and quotes of the source. xxx

Tweak her original research question to accommodate her new emphasis on HOW rather than WHY.

Penina has developed a research question, but as she digs in deeper to the research process and begins drafting her paper, she realizes that the most interesting part of her question is not WHY something happened by HOW it happened. What can she do at this point? --- Tweak her original research question to accommodate her new emphasis on HOW rather than WHY. Stick to her original plan, even though it might be more boring to her. Start all over with a brand new, completely different question. Stick to her original research question, but work the new information into the paper somehow.

Prepare a research paper that compares the lead female characters from two different Shakespeare plays -- Lady MacBeth and Ophelia -- and how they represent typical views of women in the late 16th century in England.

Ricardo has to put together a research paper for his English class. He wants to write a paper on Shakespeare, but he knows that topic is too broad. What might help him narrow his topic? --- Write a paper that considers all of Shakespeare's tragedies. Prepare a research paper that compares the lead female characters from two different Shakespeare plays -- Lady MacBeth and Ophelia -- and how they represent typical views of women in the late 16th century in England. Consider writing on a single work -- a play or a poem. Focus your paper on a period of Shakespeare's life and the literary works he produced during that time.

trace claims, quotes, and media to the original context.

Photographs on the internet can often be misleading. People can crop or leave out sections of a photo that make the remaining material confusing or misleading. That's why for both textual and photographic information it is important to --- share the photo on your own Instagram account and ask your followers for help in verifying. find the same photo on Wikipedia. find the same photo on Facebook. trace claims, quotes, and media to the original context.

A scholarly article that examines the rhetorical devices used in the Declaration of Independence.

Primary sources are different from secondary sources. Primary sources allow researchers to get very close to the original ideas, events, or observations. The Declaration of Independence is one example of a primary source. What is an example of a secondary source? --- A diary written by Thomas Jefferson. George Washington's speech to the troops at Valley Forge. A scholarly article that examines the rhetorical devices used in the Declaration of Independence. Benjamin Frankin's letters back home to his wife.

She should look for a book that synthesizes a lot of scholarly research writing; her library online catalog is a great place to start.

Rachel has already found a great many useful scholarly journal articles for her assignment, but she still needs a broad overview that will give her background and context for more recent research. What is one way she might accomplish this? --- She should look for a book that synthesizes a lot of scholarly research writing; her library online catalog is a great place to start. Consult a general database like Google Scholar. Visit a local bookstore in her hometown to see what they have on their shelves. Look through current issues of the New York Times, the Washington Post, and the Boston Globe.

Look for a research database or library database that focuses on the discipline or subject area he is writing about.

Rahul is working on a research assignment and has located many useful books. To give his paper more current data, he wants to include scholarly articles from research journals. What might he do to be efficient in his search? --- Look for a research database or library database that focuses on the discipline or subject area he is writing about. Consult a general database like Google Scholar. Look through current issues of the New York Times, the Washington Post, and the Boston Globe. Go online to his library's book catalog to look for additional books.

Return to researching her topic, find the additional sources she needs, and revise her thesis statement if necessary.

Rita uses the library databases to find three sources she can use in her paper, and then works on creating a good thesis statement. As she is drafting her paper, she realizes she is missing some key details and data. What should she do? --- Return to researching her topic, find the additional sources she needs, and revise her thesis statement if necessary. Work on other parts of her paper until she figures out what to do. Finish her first draft, then have another student evaluate the strength of her research paper before proceeding. Start over with a completely new topic and research question.

Currency

Rose is considering a few sources for use in her research assignment. One in particular seems promising, but the data that is included in the study seems extremely dated. She is interested in Coronavirus data from 2020, but the study only looks at infectious disease data from before 1980. What issue is Rose raising, using the CRAAP method with this one potential source? --- Authority Relevance Purpose Currency

Salim should feel free to use the statistics in his paper after he verifies them to make sure they sound accurate and reliable.

Salim is researching a paper on teenage pregnancy and finds a .gov website that has statistics on which states have the highest teen pregnancies per capita. Which of the following best describes how he should evaluate this source? --- Salim should feel free to use the statistics in his paper after he verifies them to make sure they sound accurate and reliable. Salim should only use the source if he can verify the information in a print source. Salim should not use this source because government websites are unreliable for data like this. Salim should consider other sources since we all know you can't trust the government.

She should think of a question she doesn't know the answer to, something that can't be answered with a single resource.

Samantha needs to start on her research writing assignment. What should be the first thing she thinks about? --- She should think of a question she doesn't know the answer to, something that can't be answered with a single resource. She should think of a topic that she already knows a lot about because that will save her time in the research process. She should think of a thesis statement that she'd like to prove, first; then she can work backward with research to prove her thesis. She should consider research questions that can be answered with a simple Google search to save time.

Sarah should investigate where the information came from originally.

Sarah is doing a research project on graphic novels. She has found a good source of information on the history of graphic novels, but she is unsure where the information came from originally. Should she use the information? --- Sarah should ask her buddies at the comic book store for help. Sarah should investigate where the information came from originally. Sarah should write to Marvel Comics for this input and advice. Sarah should check to see if the online source uses good grammar and is well written.

A Vietnam War soldier's diary

Sophie is worried about determining which sources are primary and which sources are secondary for her paper on the Vietnam War. Which item is a good example of a primary source? --- A Vietnam War soldier's diary A book on a Vietnam War battle A list of Vietnam War battle sites A play based on a Vietnam War soldier's diary

citation, summary, evaluation, and explanation

What are the core components of an annotated bibliography? --- citation, quotation, and examination summary, explanation, and criticism citation, summary, evaluation, and explanation citation, question, evaluation, creditials

Stop. Investigate the source. Find better coverage. Trace claims, quotes, and media to the original context.

What are the four moves a researcher should employ when considering a website or other online source? --- Find another Facebook friend who makes the same post. Multiple posts mean the claim is more likely. Look on Reddit or another online posting source to see if anyone has written about the subject there. Stop. Investigate the source. Find better coverage. Trace claims, quotes, and media to the original context. Stop. Investigate. Find the same post elsewhere.

Read what other writers have to say about the same issue or this source specifically.

The four moves include the task of finding better coverage. What does this really mean for a student researcher? What should you do? --- Continue Googling the author's name and the article title until you find all the articles written by this same author. Read what other writers have to say about the same issue or this source specifically. Trace videos back to their original source to see why they were created originally. Assess if you agree with this article's point of view or approach, and then use Google Scholar to find other articles that also say the same thing.

A leading cancer research team writes a paper about the study they are working on, providing data and analysis on their findings.

The issue of Authority can be confusing. Being an expert in one area does not make you an expert in other areas. Researchers must be careful to establish: is this person writing in their area of authority and expertise or outside of it? What is an example of someone writing WITHIN their area of expertise? --- A famous soccer player in Spain writes an article reviewing world monetary policy. A professional chef offers an opinion on what vitamins and minerals are good for all people to ingest. A Hollywood stunt man offers an opinion about the US economy and the specific functions and purpose of the Federal Reserve. A leading cancer research team writes a paper about the study they are working on, providing data and analysis on their findings.

All material in a database is evaluated for accuracy and credibility by subject experts and publishers.

Uzma already knows how to do a Google search, and she wonders why it's so important to learn how to use a library, or specialized, database in her research. What is one reason a library database can be superior for academic research projects like Uzma's? --- The library database is updated and maintained by your local college librarian, so you can ask them for help. All material in a database is evaluated for accuracy and credibility by subject experts and publishers. The items found in a library database are all available in print versions at the local library on campus. All material in a library, or specialized, database is free to everyone.

The data you want to use was collected just a few months ago.

Which of the following is the best indicator that your online source has currency? --- There are no dates provided at all in the article. The journal that published the article is an online journal. The data you want to use was collected just a few months ago. The article is about Global Monetary Fund Policy.

What is the environmental impact of plastic water bottles?

Which of the following is the better research question? --- Is bottled water good or bad for the environment? What is the environmental impact of plastic water bottles? How does trash pollute the environment?

Scholarly sources are generally found in library databases, and popular sources are often found on newsstands.

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between scholarly and popular sources? --- Scholarly sources are only available online, and popular sources are not. Scholarly sources are always appropriate for a research essay and popular sources never are. Scholarly sources are generally found in library databases, and popular sources are often found on newsstands. Scholarly sources are easier to read and understand than popular sources.

HWW questions give ample room for deep development of your ideas.

Yoon-Su has been working on his research assignment. His instructor has encouraged him to think of "How" and "Why" and "What" (HWW) kinds of questions. Why are these types of research questions better for the research process and development of research paper? --- HWW questions are better for controversial topics. HWW questions are more interesting than other kinds of questions. HWW questions give ample room for deep development of your ideas. HWW questions are easier to answer straight-forwardly, so they make for a simpler paper.

Google Scholar draws on scholarly databases of academic writing, and Google generally does not.

Your friend Sam doesn't understand the difference between Google and Google Scholar. What should you tell him to be the most helpful? --- Google Scholar is better if you're trying to write on a pop-culture sort of topic. Google Scholar draws on scholarly databases of academic writing, and Google generally does not. Google lets you use "and" or "or" in the search box, whereas Google Scholar does not. Google Scholar is limited to searches in English, whereas Google can search in every language.