Module 7.2

​The posterior parietal cortex ____.

keeps track of the position of the body relative to the world​

The basal ganglia are most critical for learning ____.

motor habits that are difficult to describe in words

​The lateral tract cross over point is in the ____.

​pyramids of the medulla

What is the relationship between the lateral tract and the medial tract?

Most movements rely on both, which work in a cooperative fashion.​

​Which widely branching cells are responsible for all of the output from the cerebellar cortex to the nuclei of the cerebellum?

Purkinje cells​

After damage to the cerebellar cortex, an individual has trouble with which part of the finger-to-nose test?

The initial rapid movement to the nose

​Lateral tract axons are responsible for movements in the ____.

arms, hands, and toes

The structure composed of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus is the ____.

basal ganglia

​Most of the axons of the medial tract go to which side of the body?

bilateral​

Studies on conscious decisions regarding voluntary movements suggest that ____.

brain activity for the movement begins before we are conscious of our decision​

​In contrast to people with posterior parietal damage, people with damage to certain parts of the occipital cortex outside the primary visual cortex ____.

cannot accurately describe what they see but can reach out to grasp it​

​Which basal ganglia structure(s) is/are important for receiving input from sensory areas of the thalamus and the cerebral cortex?

caudate nucleus and putamen​

​A saccade is initiated by impulses from the ____.

cerebellum​

​If you have trouble with rapid, ballistic movement sequences that require accurate timing, you probably have suffered damage to the ____.

cerebellum​

The greater the number of Purkinje cells activated, the ____.

greater the collective duration of the response​

The nuclei of the cerebellum (as opposed to the cerebellar cortex) are most important in ____.

holding a finger in a steady position​

​The premotor cortex ____.

is active during preparations for a movement and less active during movement itself​

Movements near the midline of the body, such as bending and turning of the trunk, are controlled by which motor system?

medial tract​

​Watching another person shoot a basketball is most likely to activate ____ neurons in the brain of the person who is watching

mirror

​Watching another person shoot a basketball is most likely to activate ____ neurons in the brain of the person who is watching.

mirror

Damage to the prefrontal cortex is most likely to result in ____.

poorly planned movements

​The part of the cortex that responds mostly to the sensory signals that lead to a movement is the ____.

prefrontal cortex​

The prefrontal cortex ____.

responds to lights, noises, and other signals for a movement.​

What is the name of the rapid eye movement occurring when a person moves his or her eyes from one focus point to another?

saccade

​In order to elicit movement, the motor cortex ____.

sends axons to the brainstem and spinal cord​

​Cells in the prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, and ____ prepare for a movement, sending messages to the primary motor cortex.

supplementary motor cortex​

​Damage to the ____ impairs the ability to organize smooth sequences of activities.

supplementary motor cortex​

Cerebellum is to ____ as basal ganglia are to ____.

timing; voluntary movements​

Mirror neurons are active when ____.

watching others perform movements​

​People with posterior parietal damage ____.

will not step over an obstacle, although they can accurately describe it​//have trouble converting vision into action​

​People with damage to the parietal cortex appear to lack ____ related to voluntary movements. a feelings of intention

​feelings of intention