molecular genetics exam (study for final)
amino acids; protein
A chain of _____ results in a polypeptide chain that folds up into a _____. amino acids; protein RNA bases; transcript amino acids; gene proteins; ribosome
her egg cells
A female that is planning to become pregnant is concerned about her exposure to environmental mutagens which may have caused DNA mutations. In order for these mutations to become heritable, they must affect the: her egg cells all of her cells somatic cells
150 nucleotides
A protein that is made up of 50 amino acids would have been translated from an mRNA that had at least 150 nucleotides. 1000 nucleotides. 500 nucleotides. 300 nucleotides.
UUAACC
A strand of DNA has the following sequence, AATTGG, what would be the complementary sequence on the mRNA strand. UUAACC AAUUCC TTAACC AATTGG
UUA
A strand of mRNA contains the following codon, AAU. What would be the corresponding sequence for the anticodon on the tRNA? UUA AAU TTA CCG
adenine -- thymine
According to Chargaff's rule, which of the following base-pairings is correct? adenine -- thymine thymine -- cytosine guanine -- uracil adenine--guanine
A portion of DNA or primary transcript sequence that does not contribute to mRNA
An intron is: a portion of a DNA or primary transcript sequence that does not contribute to mRNA the structure in the cytoplasm that is the site of protein synthesis the coding portion of a length of DNA or a primary transcript of RNA always a non-coding sequence of bases, as found either in DNA or a primary transcript
Join together nucleotides in a growing, complementary DNA strand, Correct errors in DNA base sequences during replication
DNA polymerases work to (select all that apply) unwind the double helix during replication cause mutations in DNA join together nucleotides in a growing, complementary DNA strand correct errors in DNA base sequences during replication
false
DNA replication on the lagging strand is continuous. True False
TTGACCGAT
During DNA replication one template has the following base sequence AACTGGCTA, what would be the sequence on the complementary strand? TTGACCGAT GGACTTACG CCAGTTAGC AACTGGCTA
A site
During the elongation phase of translation, tRNAs, carrying their specific amino acids, are accepted by the _____ of the ribosome. A site P site rRNA anticodon
mRNA is produced and sent out to the nucleus to the ribosome
During transcription: mRNA is produced and sent out of the nucleus to the ribosome tRNA is produced and made into proteins DNA is replicated tRNA changes DNA into proteins
The two sides of the DNA molecule are parallel but running in opposite directions
Explain how the term antiparallel describes the structure of a DNA molecule. The two sides of the DNA molecule are parallel but running in opposite directions. The two sides of the DNA are not parallel
hydrogen bonds
How are the base pairs of the DNA double helix linked together? hydrogen bonds phosphate bonds Carbon-carbon bonds sugar bonds
all of these
How do mutations affect an organism? all of these they may cause the development of a disease-causing allele they may cause the development of a more beneficial allele they, in some cases, may have no noticeable affect
DNA uses the bases A,T, C, G; RNA uses the bases A,U,C,G. DNA is a double-stranded molecule; RNA is usually single-stranded. DNA contains deoxyribose; RNA contains ribose
How does DNA differ from RNA? (select all that apply) DNA uses the bases A, T, C, G; RNA uses the bases A, U, C, G. DNA is a double-stranded molecule; RNA is usually single-stranded. DNA is a nucleic acid; RNA is a protein. DNA contains deoxyribose; RNA contains ribose
20
How many amino acids are responsible for producing all the different types of proteins? 20 10 50 100
Adenine and Guanine
Identify the purines found in the list below. (select all that apply) Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine
paired DNA bases, always linking A and T, or G and C
If DNA's structure is compared to a spiral staircase, then its stair-steps would be paired DNA bases, always linking A and T, or G and C phosphate-sugar-phosphate chains free-floating DNA bases bonded together randomly Chromatin
24
If cytosine makes up 26 percent of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism, then adenine would make up what percent of the bases? 24 26 48 52
the DNA in each of the daughter cells would be radioactive
If you took a normal cell and replaced its thymine (T) with radioactive T and you allowed this cell to divide once, which of these results would you expect? the DNA in each of the daughter cells would be radioactive the DNA in one of the daughter cells would be radioactive but not in the other daughter cell the DNA would not be radioactive in either of the daughter cells the mRNA made by the daughter cells would be radioactive
uracil
In RNA, ___________ pairs with adenine uracil guanine thymine cytosine
AACGCUAGC
The DNA base sequence TTGCGATCG would code for which mRNA transcript? AACGCUAGC TTGCGATCG AACGCTAGC TTGCGUTCG
sugars, phosphates
The components of the DNA backbone are _____ and _____. sugars, phosphates sugars, bases sugars, nucleotides nucleotides, phosphates
phosphodiester bond
The covalent bond that holds together the sugars and phosphates in the backbone of a DNA strand is called a(n) phosphodiester bond ester linkage glycosidic linkage peptide bond
A stop codon moves into the A site
The process of translation is completed when a stop codon moves into the A site. the cell runs out of amino acids. the cell runs out of RNA nucleotides the translation machinery reaches the end of the DNA molecule.
Rosalind Franklin
The scientist responsible for photo 51 is Rosalind Franklin James Watson Francis Crick Maurice Wilkins
its shape
What is the most critical feature in determining if a protein functions properly? its shape the type of amino acids it contains its size all of these
AUG
What mRNA sequence signals the start of a sequence to be translated? AUG UAG UGA UAA
It occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Which is true of transcription It occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It produces an exact copy of one of the strands of DNA. It occurs on the surface of the ribosome. It transcribes the entire DNA in a cell into mRNA.
It occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Which is true of translation of the mRNA transcript? It utilizes tRNA that acts as the "translator" between the molecular languages of amino acids and nucleic acids. It occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It always produces a fully mature carbohydrate once the ribosome detaches from the mRNA at the end of translation. It utilizes the genetic information encoded in sequential mRNA codons to determine the sequence of monosaccharides in a polysaccharide chain.
thymine
Which of the following is NOT a component of a RNA rnucleotide? thymine 5-carbon sugar - ribose uracil phosphate group
A single mRNA molecule may be translated again and again by multiple ribosomes
Which of the following is a correct statement concerning mRNA? A single mRNA molecule may be translated again and again by multiple ribosomes. An mRNA is always translated in the nucleus. During transcription, two mRNAs are always produced together; one from each side of the separated DNA. An mRNA will always have an equal amount of adenine and uracil
The large ribosomal subunit does not join the translation process until after the first tRNA has arrived
Which of the following is a correct statement concerning translation? The large ribosomal subunit does not join the translation process until after the first tRNA has arrived. The mRNA will load into the large ribosomal subunit to begin the translation process. Amino acids attach to their corresponding tRNA molecules after the tRNA molecule attaches to the ribosome. New codons that need to be "read" move into the P-site of the ribosome.
to unwind DNA during transciption
Which of the following is a function of RNA polymerase? to unwind DNA during transcription to remove introns from mRNA transcripts to "read" the mRNA sequence during production of polypeptides to "proofread" the addition of nucleotides during replication
a carboxyl group
Which of the following is not part of the nucleotide structure that makes up the DNA molecule? a carboxyl group a nitrogenous base a phosphate group five carbon sugar -- deoxyribose
DNA helicase
Which of the following is responsible for separating the two strands of a DNA molecule so that replication can take place? DNA helicase DNA polymerase DNA ligase DNA toporase
It utilizes DNA polymerase, which catalyzes the reaction that adds a new nucleotide to the growing strand.
Which of the following is true of the process of DNA replication? It utilizes DNA polymerase, which catalyzes the reaction that adds a new nucleotide to the growing strand. The sequence on the new strand is never identical to one of the old parent strands. Adenine pairs with guanine, and cytosine pairs with thymine. It involves an enzyme, DNA ligase, that corrects point mutations.
If the DNA molecule is thought of as a rigid, twisted rope ladder, the interactions of the nitrogenous base would represent the rungs of the ladder
Which of the following statements describes a DNA molecule? If the DNA molecule is thought of as a rigid, twisted rope ladder, the interactions of the nitrogenous bases would represent the rungs of the ladder. If the DNA molecule is thought of as a rigid, twisted rope ladder, the sugar and phosphate groups would represent the rungs of the ladder. If the DNA molecule is thought of as a rigid, twisted rope ladder, the interactions of the nitrogenous bases would represent the flexible rope portion.
There are 500,000 guanine molecules in the bacterium's DNA
While looking at its genetic makeup, researchers discovered that there were approximately 500,000 cytosine molecules in the DNA of a bacterium. Which of the following would we also expect to be true? There are 500,000 guanine molecules in the bacterium's DNA. There are 500,000 sugar molecules in the bacterium's DNA. There are 500,000 phosphates in the bacterium's DNA. There are 500,000 thymine molecules in the bacterium's DNA
