MPAO Ch 11

Herzberg's theory states that there are _________ separate sets of factors that create satisfaction and dissatisfaction on the job.

2

Who formulated the theory that motivation is a function of five basic needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization?

Abraham Maslow

Which of the following are considered outputs in equity theory?

Bonuses Recognition

An unfair social exchange, such as not being paid for overtime worked, is likely to do which of the following?

Cause cognitive dissonance in the employee. Lead to changes in the employee's attitude or behavior. Motivate the employee to correct the situation.

general categories of motivation theories

Content Process

Which of the following are included in Maslow's need hierarchy theory?

Esteem Needs Physiological Needs

McClelland's theory, developed in the 1940s, proposed that employee behaviors are driven by three _________needs.

acquired

Which of the following are among the top-down approaches to job design

job enlargement the job characteristics model scientific management

The psychological mechanisms that guide the direction, intensity, and persistence of one's behaviors or thoughts are known as:

motivation

Which of the following paraphrases comparisons as used in equity theory

How does my ratio of outputs to inputs compare with those of relevant others?

What role does cognitive dissonance play in equity theory?

It motivates people to maintain consistency between their beliefs and their behavior.

Who pioneered the use of equity theory in the workplace?

J. Stacy Adams

The top-down job design method that creates jobs that are very simplified and repetitive is scientific _________

Management

Equity theory uses a comparison of the ratio of _______ , to _______

Outputs; inputs

The kind of management that sets standards established by facts gained from systematic observation, experiment, or reasoning is:

Scientific management

The title of Douglas McGregor's book, which formulated two contrasting views of human nature is:

The human side of enterprise

True or false: Research in more than 1000 different studies from a wide range of countries show that goal setting helps achieve success.

True

What should individuals do if their current job is unfulfilling but they do not want to change jobs? Multiple choice question.

Try to incorporate job crafting or I-deals.

McClelland's theory states that employees are motivated by acquired needs that include the need for:

affiliation power achievement

Needs are defined as physiological or psychological deficiencies that:

arouse behavior

Expectancy theory can be used to predict __________ in situations where there is a choice between two or more alternatives.

behavior

How can managers incorporate the principles of expectancy theory?

by linking performance to rewards that individual employees value

What are the key elements of equity theory?

comparison of the ratio of outputs to inputs inputs outputs

Self-determination theory assumes that three innate needs—autonomy,____________ , and relatedness—drive our behavior.

competence

The theories that focus on identifying the factors that motivate employees are known as ______ theories.

content

Altering jobs to improve employee experience and productivity is called job_______

design

haracteristics that are influenced by motivation.

direction of behavior or thought intensity of behavior or thought persistence of behavior or thought

The job design method that puts more variety into a job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty is job ______

enlargement

Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered outputs in Adams' Elements of _______ theory.

equity

Psychologist J. Stacy Adams first applied ____________ theory in the workplace.

equity

Which theory is based on comparing one's outputs and inputs with those of others?

equity theory

The question "What are the chances of reaching my performance goal?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

expectancy

The theory that can be used to predict behavior in any situation where there is a choice between two or more alternatives is:

expectancy theory

Research has shown that setting __________ helps motivate individuals, teams, and organizations to achieve success

goals

Job enlargement is also known as _________ loading the job.

horizontal

What does equity theory explain?

how people strive for fairness in give-and-take relationships how people strive for fairness in social exchanges

Job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments are known as

idiosyncratic

What are job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments?

idiosyncratic deals

Education, skills, creativity, experience, and personal appearance can all be perceived as _________ in Adam's equity theory.

inputs

Feelings of inequity are based on whether you perceive that the outputs you receive are adequate to compensate for your collective _______

inputs

In Adams' equity theory, knowledge, experience, education, and effort expended all are perceived as:

inputs

The form of organizational justice that reflects whether people are told the truth and treated with respect is:

interactional justice

The approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work is known as:

job crafting

The activities that involve alteration of specific jobs or sets of interdependent jobs to improve employee experience and motivation are known as __________ _____________

job design

Any set of activities that involve the alteration of specific job activities to improve the quality of employee job experience and motivation is called

job design.

Using Vroom's expectancy theory to predict motivation, it can be said that:

motivation will be high when all three elements are high

Job rotation is the top-down approach that:

moves employees from one specialized job to another

Hunger or thirst are examples of physiological deficiencies that arouse behavior known as ______.

needs

The form of organizational justice that reflects the perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make organizational decisions is:

procedural justice

The job design method that moves employees from one job to another is job

rotation

The method of job design that draws from observation, experiments, and reasoning is __________ _____________

scientific management

Which theory assumes that our behavior and well-being are influenced by three innate needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness?

self-determination theory

The question that asks "How much do I value the outcomes I will receive by achieving my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

valence

What are some recommended approaches for creating change when one's job is low on hygiene or motivating factors?

Change jobs. Ask for new work assignments. Talk with the manager.

Who wrote the book The Human Side of Enterprise, which explores two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature?

Douglas McGregor

The outcomes of an equity comparison include which of the following?

Equity Negative inequity Positive inequity

Vroom's expectancy theory requires that all three of the elements must be high for __________ to be high

Motivation

The acquired needs in McClelland's acquired needs theory include the:

Need for achievement. need for power

The theory that explains how people strive for fairness in social exchanges is _______ theory.

equity

Feelings of inequity are based on whether you perceive that the outputs you receive are adequate to compensate for your collective ______

inputs

Which approach to job design often creates jobs that are very simple, repetitive, and boring?

scientific management

Which methods should managers use to determine the needs of their employees?

employee surveys one-on-one meetings

The theory that proposes that job satisfaction comes from motivating factors and dissatisfaction from the absence or weak presence of hygiene factors is based on research done by:

Frederick Herzberg

Kaya and Franklin just received their end-of-year bonuses. Kaya's bonus was 10% larger than Franklin's, but Kaya knows she regularly worked overtime while Franklin rarely did. Based on this equity comparison, which equity relationship is Kaya most likely to perceive?

positive inequity

David McClelland's theory about the drivers of employee behavior is the: Multiple choice question.

acquired needs theory