MSTE

Longitudinal cracking

Cracks approximately parallel to the pavement centerline. These are caused by poorly constructed construction joints and shrinkage of asphalt concrete surface.

Unsafe condition

A hazardous physical condition or circumstance which could directly permit the occurrence of an accident.

Alligator cracking

A series of interconnected or interlaced cracks caused by fatigue failure of the asphalt concrete surface under repeated traffic loading.

simply reinforced concrete pavement

A type of rigid pavement having dowels for the transfer of traffic loads across joints.

Plain concrete pavement

A type of rigid pavement which has no temperature steel or dowels for the load transfer.

Continuously reinforced concrete pavement

A type of rigid pavement which has no transverse joints, except construction joints or expansion joint when they are necessary at specific positions such as at bridges.

Tack coat

An application of hot bitumen material given to the old surface to provide adhesion to the old and new road surface

Scaffold

Any temporary elevated platform used for supporting employees or materials or both in the course of any construction works.

Traffic cones

Devices which may be conical in shape or tubular shaped capable of performing channelization of traffic which may be set on the surface of the roadway or rigidly attached for continued use.

Block cracking

Cracks forming large interconnected polygons, usually with sharp corners or angle. These cracks are generally caused by hardening and shrinkage of the asphalt and or reflection cracking from underlying layers such as cement-treated base.

Basic capacity

The maximum number of passenger cars that can pass a given point on a lane or roadway during one hour under the most nearly ideal roadway and traffic conditions which can possibly be attained.

80 - 90 kph

The speed limit appropriate on lower standard expressways.

1.5 min

The time for mixing of ingredients for a concrete cement road should be done for at least:

Base

The top surface of a road structure which receives the traffic load and transfer it to the subgrade

Flashing lamps

Warning devices used to supplement other controls and devices necessary to alert motorists of construction and maintenance activities or obstructions in the roadway.

Barriers

Highway appurtenances designed to prevent vehicular penetration from the travel way to areas behind the barrier such as to minimize damage to impacting vehicles and their occupants, and to reduce the risk of injuries to pedestrians and workers.

Curing

It is a construction operation that concrete should be protected so that moisture is not lost during the early stages of hydration and also protect against injury from subsequent construction activities.

Slump test

It is a kind of test that determines the consistency of concrete.

Rumble strips

It is a type of thermoplastic lane marking designed to aid and provide motorist with visual, audio, and warning on the road.

Unsafe act

It is a violation of an accepted safe procedure which could permit the occurrence of an accident.

Curing compound

It is an impervious membrane applied to concrete pavement before its initial setting that prevents rapid evaporation of water from the mix.

Hazard

It is anything that can cause harm.

Density

It is defined as the number of vehicles per unit distance occupying a section of roadway at a given instant time.

Diagonal markings

Markings which are placed on sealed shoulders or other sealed portion of the road where traffic is not desired. The spacing between bars is generally 6 meters.

Admixture

Material other than the basic ingredient of concrete mix immediately before or during mixing to modify one or more of the specific properties of concrete in the fresh hardened states.

Road markers

Means any traffic control device marked on the surface of the carriageway used to regulate traffic or to warn or guide road users.

Temporary curbing

Roadwork devices consisting of precast concrete sections, sandbag and others which may be used to guide traffic at the construction site.

Rule 1080

Rule _________is the guidelines regarding Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Overhead signs

Signs which provide means of displaying essential traffic information on wide multi-lane roads, where some degree of lane use control is required or where side of road clearance is insufficient to accommodate a road side sign.

Circle

Standard sign shape for additional information.

Rectangle

Standard sign shape for directional signs, roadwork signs, signs for special purposes, and supplementary plates for warning signs.

Rectangle

Standard sign shape for facility information signs, instruction signs, guide signs and destinations of point of interest.

Pentagon

Standard sign shape for pedestrian and school crossing sign.

Circle

Standard sign shape for regulatory signs.

Equilateral triangle

Standard sign shape for warning signs.

0.15m - 0.40m

The PPA (Philippine Ports Authority) requires that water level that guarantees about water depth for safety of the ships berthing on a certain ports and harbor, below the mean lower low water should be equal to:

MLLW

The datum line for design of port facilities in accordance with charts which being used by Philippine Ports Authority.

Possible capacity

The maximum number of passenger cars that can pass a given point on a lane or roadway during one hour under prevailing roadway and traffic conditions.

Hazard identification

Recognizing of things which may cause injury or harm to a person.

Consistency

A general term relating to the character of a mix with respect to its fluidity.

Prime coat

A layer of stone chippings coat laid over a hot bitumen to make the surface water-proof

Grout

A mixture of cementitious materials and water, with or without aggregate, proportioned to produce a creamy consistency.

Seal coat

A very thin surface applied over a bituminous pavement to make it impervious

2000 to 2800

Capacity for two-lane highways ranges from _____________ passenger car equivalents per hour.

Demolition

Complete or partial dismantling of a building or structure by pre-planned and controlled methods or procedures.

Transverse cracking

Cracks approximately at right angles to the pavement centerline. These may be caused by shrinkage or differential thermal stress of the asphalt concrete or maybe reflective cracks.

Skid resistance

Describes the effectiveness of a pavement to prevent or reduce skid related crashes.

Traffic signs

Device mounted on a fixed support (permanent signs) or portable support (temporary signs) whereby a specific message is conveyed by means of words or symbols placed or erected for the purpose of regulating, warning or guiding traffic.

Bollard

Device used in place of rigid cones with a minimum of 450 mm by 50 mm wide with alternate bands of contrasting color as seen by approaching traffic for delineation of traffic.

Faulting

Elevation differences between adjacent slabs at transverse joints. It is usually the result of pumping and is a major source of Portland Concrete pavement structure.

2000 vph

Ideal capacity of a road is:

Risk control

Introduction of measures which will eliminate or reduce the risk of a person being exposed to a hazard.

Risk

It is the probability of harm actually being done.

Rigging

It is the process where a load is prepared for lifting using a lifting machine. The main part of this process is the tying up of the load with sling and other connecting devices so that the load could be hooked onto a crane.

Workability

It refers to how easily freshly mixed concrete can be placed, consolidated and finished with minimal loss of homogeneity.

Safety

It refers to the physical or environmental conditions of work or employment, which substantially comply with the provisions of this Standards.

Transverse joint

Joints placed in concrete pavements at right angles to the center line of the pavement is called:

Construction joint

Joints placed in concrete pavements, which are usually placed transversely across the pavement width to provide suitable transition between concrete placed at different times or on different days.

Contraction joint

Joints placed in concrete pavements, which are usually placed transversely regular intervals across the width of the pavement to release some of the tensile stresses that are due to a decrease in temperature.

Expansion joint

Joints placed in concrete pavements, which are usually placed transversely, at regular intervals, to provide adequate expansion space for the slab to expand when the pavement is subjected to an increase in temperature.

Delineators

Light retro-reflecting devices mounted at the side of the roadway, in series, to indicate the roadway alignment.

Blowups

Localized upward buckling and shattering of the slabs at transverse joint or cracks. They can occur when transverse joints are filled with incompressible solid materials.

Risk assessment

Looking at the possibility of injury or harm occurring to a person if exposed to a hazard.

Sub-base

Part of road structure which is immediately above the sub-grade and composed of stone boulders or superior soil

Distress

Pavement ______________ refers to the condition of a pavement in terms of its general appearance.

Deflection

Pavement ______________ refers to the structural adequacy of the pavement section.

Drip Track Raveling

Progressive disintegration of the surface between the wheel paths caused by dripping of gasoline or oil from vehicles.

Regulatory signs

Signs that inform road users of the traffic laws and regulations which is disregarded will constitute an offense.

Special instruction signs

Signs that instruct road users to meet certain traffic rule requirements on road condition.

Chevron signs

Signs used to guide drivers through a change in horizontal alignment of the road.

Guide signs

Signs which inform and advise road users of directions, distances, routes and the location of services for road users and point of interest.

Warning signs

Signs which warn road users of condition on or adjacent to the road maybe unexpected or hazardous.

Roadwork signs

Signs which warns or advise temporary hazardous conditions that could endanger road users or the men and equipment engaged on roadworks.

Equilateral triangle

Standard sign shape for GIVE WAY sign

Octagon

Standard sign shape for STOP sign

Traffic capacity

The ability of a roadway to accommodate traffic volume. It is expressed as the maximum number of vehicle in a lane or a road that can pass a given point in unit time.

Joint spalling

The breakdown or disintegration of slab edges at joints or cracks, usually resulting in the loss of sound concrete and the progressive widening of joint or crack.

Bleeding or Flushing

The extruding of bitumen onto the pavement surface, causing a reduction in skid resistance. It is generally caused by excessive amounts of asphalt in the mix or low air voids content. It occurs when asphalt fills the voids in the mix during hot weather and then exudes out onto the surface of the pavement.

Sub-grade

The layer of the pavement which finally carries the load from the road

Practical capacity

The maximum number of passenger cars that can pass a given point on a lane or roadway during one hour without traffic density being so great as to cause unreasonable delay, hazard, or restrictions to the driver's freedom to maneuver under traffic conditions.

Roughness

The measurement of the extent to which a road surface deviates from the plane is called pavement _______.

14 days

The number of days final curing for a concrete cement pavement is done for:

Traffic volume

The number of vehicles moving in a specified direction on a given lane or roadway that pass a given point during specified unit time.

2.5 sec

The reaction time used for road safety design is:

Raveling

Wearing way of the pavement surface caused by dislodging of aggregated particles and binder. This is usually a result of insufficient asphalt binder in the mix or stripping of asphalt from particles of aggregate.

Occupational Safety and Health

__________ deals with all aspects of health and safety in the workplace and has a strong focus on primary prevention of hazards.