MUS 1600 Exam 3 Kimball LSU
"vamp" section
an arrangement that is played over and over
Who wrote "Hotel California"?
the Eagles
"outlaw country"
- style of country music from 1970s based outside Nashville industry - influenced by honkytonk, rock, urban folk...
What is important to know about "You Can't Hurry Love"?
- Motown records - producers - studio musicians - musical form
Who recorded "Respect"?
Aretha Franklin
Who wrote "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain"?
Fred Rose
Who wrote "You Can't Hurry Love"?
Holland-Dozier-Holland
What genre is "You Can't Hurry Love"?
Motown
Who wrote "Respect"?
Otis Redding
Who recorded "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain"?
Willie Nelson
What genre is "Like A Rolling Stone"?
urban folk/rock folk (folk rock)
Three Step Process
(1) master 1950s rock n roll style (ex: "Surfin' the USA" 1963- a lot like Chuck Berry) (2) develop new songs that extend from that style (ex: "Fun, Fun, Fun" 1964- sort of like Chuck Berry) (3) branch out completely beyond style (ex: "Good Vibrations" 1966- nothing like Chuck Berry)
disco music traits
- "Grooves" - dance - good times
urban folk music and folk revival, 1950s
- 1950s: some college students reacted against rock n roll because superficiality, commercialism - embraced folk music, seen as opposite of rock n roll - paradox: folk music became commercially successful - folk revival: new popularity of older songs/artists - bluesmen like Mississippi John Hurt are "rediscovered" - urban folk music: new music in older styles - continues to be popular in today's mainstream pop music
"Hotel California"
- 1976 - shift in perspectives - political assassinations - breakup of Beatles - nostalgia - "Grease" - Chuck Berry/Elvis renewed careers - AM radio - 6 labels - new styles, new technology - The Eagles (country/rock --> rock) - best selling album (1 million copies) - "Hotel California" (complex metaphorical lyrics; guitar solos) - rock vs disco - sexual revolution - California 1970s: failed utopia, drugs, pessimism about society - 6 min long song (possibility opened by "Like A Rolling Stone") - lyrics: metaphorical, ambiguous
What is important to know about "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain"?
- 2 streams of country (mainstream and progressive) - Dolly Parton - John Denver - Willie Nelson
"Like A Rolling Stone"
- Bob Dylan (NYC 1961; model: Woody Guthrie; changed style- band/electric guitar; got boo'ed) - purist's definition of folk music (oral; old, unknown authorship; activity, not commercial) - folk revival: new music in old styles (still popular today; acoustic, political issues, New York, melodic, little studio production) - unusual length for single: 6 minutes long - lyrics: personal; change from political-themed; cynical depiction of person's fall from privilege into bleak "real life" - ambiguous use of poetic imagery - novel structure and delivery; vocal style - sonic density: electric organ, piano, electric guitars, bass, drums - unlike songs such as "Good Vibrations", no special production effects - simplicity - instrumentation
"Respect"
- Civil Rights Act - feminism - soul music (combo of 60s rock and African American gospel music) - "vamp" section - Ray Charles (blend popular music with gospel- "Georgia On My Mind") - James Brown ("Godfather of Soul"; riffs) - Aretha Franklin (Detroit gospel singer; no. 1 pop hit; cover of Otis Redding's 1965 version; 1960s feminism; "sock it to me" vamp)
"Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain"
- Willie Nelson - Dolly Parton and John Denver (Nashville show- successful) - outlaw music/ progressive (unique personal identities; outside Nashville industry) - reinvent self (Willie Nelson) - "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain" 1975 (simple; Fred Rose) - very old song: written by Fred Rose (of Acuff-Rose) in 1947 - earlier recorded by others including Roy Acuff and Hank Williams - simple, straightforward: mostly voice and acoustic guitar; no slick production - included on Nelson's concept album "The Red-Headed Stranger" (1975)
urban folk music: 1960s
- acoustic, strongly melodic, little studio production - often topical (dealing with current events) with serious lyrics - sometimes explicitly political: Civil Rights; anti-war - centered in Greenwich, NYC
"Good Vibrations"
- baby boom generation - three-step process - "British Invasion" (the Beatles) - California culture - complex studio production techniques - concept album (songs relate- story/theme) - Brian Wilson (leader of Beach Boys) - took a long time to produce - innovative (electrotheremin; instruments, harmony, lyrics- atmospheric; reflective of emerging counterculture, form, production) - counterculture - weird song
Dolly Parton
- born in TN in 1946 - began career as singer/songwriter in Nashville in 1964 - 1st success as songwriter- "Put It Off Until Tomorrow" (Bill Phillips, 1966) - 1967: hired on The Porter Wagoner Show- nationally syndicated country music variety TV show; moderate success in late 60s - 1970s: breaks up with Porter Wagoner, scores No. 1 hits in 1973-74 ("Jolene"- No. 1 country 1973)("I Will Always Love You" (No. 1 country 1974, 1982- Whitney Houston: pop charts No. 1 1992)
rock vs disco
- both popular - rock: complex, album, white males - disco: simple, singles, celebrities
Nashville in the 1970s
- country music: new level of popularity in 1970s (more crossover hits like "Tennessee Waltz" by Patti Page, 1950) - popular country artists: Dolly Parton, Olivia Newton John, Merle Haggard, John Denver, Glen Campbell
music producers in the 1960s
- creative control: issues of power (Phil Spector) - coordinated activities of song (writers and performers) - oversaw recording process --> shaped instrumentation and arrangement (usually without notation) --> shaped sonic atmosphere of studio
What is important to know about "Hotel California"?
- cultural changes in the 70s - elements of album oriented rock - dominance of the record industry - popularity of the Eagles - musical/lyrical elements of the song
"Good Times"
- disco craze - private parties/clubs - Studio 54 in NYC - "Saturday Night Fever" 1977 (popularized disco music) - Chic (Nile Rodgers)
What is important to know about "Good Times"?
- disco vs rock - disco craze - sexual revolution - Studio 54 - Nile Rodgers - elements of disco music
The Eagles
- extremely successful 1970s rock group (1971-1980) - began in style of country rock; later moved away from it - Their Greatest Hits, 1971-75: first album to sell over one million copies - demonstrates rising importance of albums - rejected by some older listeners as too commercial and bland
What is important to know about "Like A Rolling Stone"?
- folk music as a category - urban folk - folk revival - Dylan's career - diversity of style
What is important to know about "Respect"?
- influence of gospel music - influence of feminism and civil rights movements - Ray Charles - James Brown - Otis Redding - Aretha Franklin
Bob Dylan
- launched career as folk singer-songwriter in NYC, 1961 - model: earlier folk singer...Woody Guthrie - his songs, some political, were covered and became pop hits ("Blowing in the Wind") - hero of folk music in early 1960s - tires of folk scene, "goes electric" in 1965, reinventing himself - viewed by some as betrayal- 1965 Newport Folk Festival performance - sellout or innovator?
Brian Wilson
- leader of the Beach Boys - wrote or co-wrote most songs - responsible for production - responsible for concept albums "Pet Sounds" (1966) and "Smile" (planned for 1967) - use of studio musicians - increasing use of LCD in 1967 led to mental breakdown - decades as recluse - reappeared in 2000s; completed album "Smile"
general traits of Beach Boys music
- lyrics: California culture - parallels, rivalry with Beatles - development of complex studio production techniques - development of concept albums
"folk music": a purist's definition
- oral transmission - old songs, unknown authorship - a activity, not commercial product - from regular working people, usually rural
What is important to know about "Good Vibrations"?
- rock comes of age - producers - studio musicians - Brian Wilson - Beach Boys and the Beatles - the British Invasion - studio production - concept album - counterculture
concept albums
- several songs linked artistically, not just bundled - as 1960s progresses, association with counterculture - "Pet Sounds" and "Smile" by Brian Wilson - Willie Nelson's "The Red-Headed Stranger" (1975)
the 1970s in popular music
- six major record companies control AM radio and record sells - spread of new formats of recorded sound on tape: 8-track tape, the cassette tape - fragmentation of styles in many different streams - yet radio plays top hits...
outsider music in 1970s
- some artists created images as outsiders to mainstream popular music - drew on ideas from 1960s counterculture - cultivated unique, innovative sounds - but...record industry often quickly capitalized on these "outsiders"
Celebration fo Life Festival, 1971- McCrae, LA
- some musicians react against counterculture (Merle Haggard, "Okie From Muskogee" - dissatisfaction with politics and society leads to nostalgia of the 1950s - movies and musicals about era (Grease, American Graffiti) - "oldies" radio station - Elvis and Chuck Berry enjoy enormous comebacks
Willie Nelson
- spent 1960s as successful songwriter in Nashville - difficulties launching career in Nashville: too weird - reinvention in Austin, TX (outside C&W establishment)- more accepting of diverse styles
Berry Gordy
- started as songwriter - Motown Records in Detroit (later L.A.) - studio musicians ("The Funk Brothers")
Phil Spector
- started as songwriter - Phillies Records in L.A. - specialized in "girl groups" - studio musicians ("The Wrecking Crew") - distinctive studio sound ("Wall of Sound")
"You Can't Hurry Love"
- teens of Rock n Roll era grew up - social turmoil (Vietnam War, Civil Rights movement, Hippie movement) - producers (Berry Gordy- "Motown Records" & Phil Spector "Phillies Records") - recorded by the Supremes in 1966 - written and produced by Holland-Dozier-Holland - musical form: three sections (A, B, C) (repeating unpredictably) - delay of gratification - music industry became centered in Detroit and L.A.
What era was "Good Vibrations"?
1960s
What era was "Like A Rolling Stone"?
1960s
What era was "Respect"?
1960s
What era was "You Can't Hurry Love"?
1960s
What era was "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain"?
1970s
What era was "Good Times"?
1970s
What era was "Hotel California"?
1970s
Who wrote "Good Times"?
Bernard Edwards and Nile Rodgers
Who wrote "Like A Rolling Stone"?
Bob Dylan
Who recorded "Like A Rolling Stone"?
Bob Dylan and studio musicians
Who produced "Good Vibrations"?
Brian Wilson
Who wrote "Good Vibrations"?
Brian Wilson and Mike Love
Who recorded "Good Times"?
Chic
3 categories of music (chart)
classical, popular, and folk
What genre is "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain"?
country ("outlaw" or "progressive" country)
What genre is "Good Times"?
disco
What genre is "Good Vibrations"?
rock
What genre is "Hotel California"?
rock ("album oriented rock")
What genre is "Respect"?
soul
Who performed "Good Vibrations"?
the Beach Boys and studio musicians
Who recorded "Hotel California"?
the Eagles
Who performed "You Can't Hurry Love"?
the Supremes