Mus 27 A (All quiz in one)

Vivaldi wrote most of his concertos for

girls in a Venice orphanage.

Like many child stars today, Mozart:

had difficulty in making the transition to adulthood.

Bach often wrote music because

he was hired to

Ritardando is

indicating the tempo is getting slower

A concerto is

instrumental work for a soloist and a larger ensemble

The texture of Renaissance music is chiefly:

polyphonic

The invention of_________________ changed forever the way information could be transmitted.

printing by movable metal type

Sixteenth-century dancing was an important form of socializing because

public physical contact between the sexes was largely prohibited

Tielman Susato was a composer as well as a

publisher

Long, lyrical melodies, melismatic text setting, and rich polyphonic textures:

ran the risk of obscuring the text to be sung.

The "harsh breath of a horrid wind" is represented musically here by

rapid notes from high to low and trembling.

When his characters needed to communicate with each other, Purcell preferred to use

recitative

In opera, the new homophonic texture:

restored a greater sense of balance between text and music

The "ritornello principle" means that

ritornello and solo sections alternate.

A madrigal is a:

secular vocal work set to a poem, usually about love

The Renaissance may be described as an age of:

the "rebirth" of human creativity, exploration, and individualism.

Dynamics refers to:

the degree of loudness and softness at which music is played

What was the vielle?

the forerunner of today's violin

Timbre can be defined as all of the following except:

the loudness or softness of a tone

Rhythm is

the movement of music through time and the aspect of time in music

The "King of Instruments" is also known as

the organ

Tempo is

the rate of speed at which a piece of music is played.

Syncopation is

the shifting of an accent to a weak beat or an offbeat.

Listen The soloist plays a cadenza, which means that

the soloist has a chance to show off a bit and even improvise.

In triple meter:

the strongest pulse occur in first beat

What three instruments do you hear?

trumpet, oboe, and violin

Major and minor scales are:

two modes that have survived through out the ages and are used for most music from 1600-1900.

What instruments does this recording feature?

two shawms and two drums

The term "A cappella" refers to:

unaccompanied choral music, or any unaccompanied singing

Pianissimo means:

very soft

Dynamics is a term used to indicate the:

volume of sound

The organ is unique for its range of ______ and ______.

volume; timbre

Contrast is when:

we say something altogether different from what was previously stated.

Woodwind instruments are so named because they

were originally made of wood

Shawms, curtals, and sackbuts are all

wind instruments

The soloist would signal the orchestra that a cadenza was about to end by playing:

- a long trill

A courtly, elegant dance with a sometimes playful character is called

- a minuet

The timbre of all acoustic instruments results from:

- a mixture of fundamentals and partials.

In a concerto, what two forces at times collaborate and at times compete?

- soloist and orchestra

A ______ is a series of body movements that together bring the dancer back to the position in which he or she began.

- step

Which instruments introduce the movement's theme on their own?

- strings

This excerpt includes the slow and stately entrance of the

- subject

Key to any concerto is the _______ between soloist and orchestra.

- tension

Syllabic text setting was:

- text set to one note per syllable

Haydn plays with the listener's expectations of

- the opening rondo theme returning

Mozart is able to sustain audience interest for the relatively long first movement of this piano concerto by varying what?

- the timbre

Mozart's Piano Concerto in A Major, K. 488, has ______ movements.

- three

Form is based on:

- three possible strategies: repetition, variation, and contrast.

The opening "two questions" of "The Star-Spangled Banner" are sung:

- to identical music.

What was the primary purpose of plainchant?

- to project worship texts clearly across large, resonant spaces

Harmonically, the recapitulation provides resolution by remaining in the

- tonic

Pianos in Mozart's day were called fortepianos and were smaller, lighter, and produced far less

- volume

The musical world in Vienna embraced Mozart for his ability to write in many different styles.

False

True or false: This is the first statement of the melody as it occurs in "He Who Gladly Serves."

False

You hear mostly syllabic singing in this excerpt.

False

During Mozart's time, improvisation was never allowed.

False (Cadenzas were improvised)

The process of changing keys is called:

Modulation

Is the following melody a tune or a motive?

Motive

What instrument is playing this example?

Oboe

Pitch is determined by:

The speed at which an object is vibrating

Which theme is this?

Theme 1

Which theme is this?

Theme 2

What is the texture of this piece?

Three-part polyphony

What meter is playing this example?

Triple

What instrument is playing this example?

Trombone

A modulation is a change of key within the course of a movement.

True

Consonant harmonies are more stable than dissonant harmonies.

True

Form is based on three possible strategies: repetition, variation, and contrast.

True

Haydn was in charge of one of the very best orchestras in all of Europe during his three decades with the Esterhazy family.

True

In sonata form, all themes appear in the tonic key in the recapitulation.

True

London audiences greatly admired Joseph Haydn's work.

True

Ludwig van Beethoven was one of Haydn's last composition pupils.

True

Mezzo-forte or mf means to play at a medium loud dynamic level.

True

Most organs have a pedal board so that the player can also play with his/her feet.

True

Mozart had the uncanny ability to capture the essence of individual characters whole moving the plot forward through the music.

True

Mozart's father took his young children on extended performance tours throughout Europe.

True

Musicians were in an ideal position to serve as spies in Elizabethan England.

True

Recapitulation must return to the "home" key of the tonic.

True

The Mass is the most important worship service of each day.

True

The Renaissance gave rise to some if the most moving sacred music ever written.

True

The chorus in Dido and Aeneas functions in the manner of a chorus in ancient Greek tragedy, commenting on what has just happened on stage.

True

The devil speaks and does not sing in Hildegard's play to emphasize that Satan should not have this divine gift from heaven.

True

The form of "He Who Gladly Serves" arises out of the repetition and contrast of two fairly short melodic units.

True

The range of musical timbres is enormous, extending from a single instrument or a single voice to an entire orchestra together with an entire chorus.

True

The real drama in sonata form takes place in the development.

True

The recorder is one of the highest instruments played in Moorish Dance, with a flute-like sound.

True

The scales on which they based the medieval melodies differ from ours today.

True

Timbre is a term that is used to describe how instruments sound different from each other.

True

What creates a sense of unrest?

agitated accompaniment, minor mode, and many repetitions of brief downward steps in the melody

The ritornello principle is based upon:

alternating sections for soloists with sections for the full orchestra

The shift you hear when the subject (central fugue theme) drops out is called

an episode

The ideal "Renaissance Man" was someone who:

cultivated knowledge and experience in the full range of arts and sciences.

The excerpt starts with the B section, which is _______ and _______ than the A section.

darker; lower

What is a drone bass?

- a long note held underneath the melodic line

It is a definite fact that Alfonso el Sabio composed Cantigas de Santa Maria.

False

Rondo Form is

- a form that contains a periodic return of a central theme

Variation form is

- a form that has one main melody that changes successively while still keeping its identity.

Ternary form is:

- a form that is diagrammed ABA, and contains a departure and then a return of the first section

Operas by Mozart include all except:

- A Night to Remember (1937)

What textures do you hear?

- A drone bass and melody, then a section where one shawm embellishes the melody

There are four characters onstage during "Cosa sento" from Mozart's Marriage of Figaro. Which one is hiding in the beginning of the scene?

- Cherubino

"Cosa sento" is a scene from the end of the first act of Mozart's Marriage of Figaro. Which three characters sing in this scene?

- Count Almaviva, Susanna, and Basilio

In Hildegard's play, Satan is like:

- Darth Vader in Star Wars

Foreign language opera should probably not be sung in English for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

- English is a challenging language when it comes to rhyme.

Mozart did sometimes conduct, but not while he was performing in his own concerts.

- False

The Marriage of Figaro is a tragic opera.

- False

The characters in "Cosa sento" sing throughout and express the same emotion consistently.

- False

How would you characterize the rhythm of this passage?

- Free

What do we know about Alfonso el Sabio?

- He was a ruler who commissioned works in a wide variety of areas, including music.

Which of the following is NOT true of Gregorian Chant?

- It is always polyphonic in texture.

Another name for the Middle Ages is the:

- Medieval Era

Mozart's Vienna concerts in the 1780s made impressive net profit in part because

- Mozart wrote the music, performed it, and sold his own tickets.

How many church services did nuns and monks usually attend?

- Nine per day

Like all national anthems, "The Star-Spangled Banner" seeks to convey a mood of:

- Optimism and joy

The first state run conservatory of music was established in _________ in 1795.

- Paris, France

How did Hildegard reinstate music in her convent after authorities had banned it?

- She quoted Bible verses about music, and she warned the authorities they were risking their own future in heaven.

Alfonso el Sabio is credited with writing:

- Songs to the Virgin Mary (Cantigas de Santa Maria).

Which character is singing this soprano part?

- Susanna

Why does medieval chant sound "otherwordly" or different to our ears?

- The melodies are based on modes that are different from the two (major and minor) primarily in use today.

Which of the following is true about morality plays?

- They feature an innocent figure struggling between the forces of good and evil.

During the Classical Era:

- Vienna was the musical center of Europe. - theaters and concert halls open to the paying public began to flourish for the first time on a widespread scale. - churches and royal courts remained important centers of culture. (all of the above)

At the end of a symphony when a previously heard melody comes back, with new orchestration and new harmonies, a special feeling often emerges. It can best be described as?

- a special feeling from a flood of memory as you remember the melody from before, in its earlier version.

What is the first instrument you hear?

- a trumpet

The character Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro is traditionally performed by

- a woman

The Count's more syllabic, declamatory style of singing is called

- accompanied recitative

What is happening here, typical for a rondo?

- after the C section is complete, the A section returns.

Susanna's rapid, fluttering notes correspond with her

- agitation

The monophonic texture in Hildegard's play:

- allowed the performers to project the text with great clarity.

During the Classical Era, the Baroque love of ornamentation, virtuosity, and expressive extremes gave way to more classical ideas of:

- balance, clarity and naturalness

The two main double-reed instruments used today are the:

- bassoon and the oboe

This section, during which the soloist displays his/her virtuosity and is allowed to improvise, is called the

- cadenza

Liturgical Plainchant is?

- chant used in church services.

Mozart's Marriage of Figaro is a _______ opera, or opera buffa.

- comic

The concerto and concerto grosso embodied the new Baroque spirit in its use of

- contrasting timbres

An Estampieis a medieval:

- dance

Mozart organized the melodic and harmonic structure of this movement around a form known as

- double-exposition form

The shawm is a(n):

- double-reed instrument.

Sonata Form contains:

- exposition, development, recapitulation, coda

By using the term "baroque," historians were calling attention to the :

- extravagant and even bizarre qualities of the music.

Which of the following best describes this section of the music, in which the four solo instruments enter one at a time with the central theme?

- fugal exposition

Two parts enter: first alto, then tenor, repeating the subject. This creates what type of texture?

- imitative counterpoint

The tonic:

- is heard as the strongest pitch - forms the key - serves as a keynote around which others revolve (all of the above)

What makes it likely that this is the first movement of the concerto rather than the second?

- it is fast.

In the eighteenth century, for the first time, critics described musical structure in terms of:

- language

Concerts in Haydn's time were much ______ than they are now, and audiences were able to ______.

- longer; talk

Instruments used during the Middle Ages include:

- lute, trumpet, clappers, and drums.

Mozart associates distinctly different _______ with each of the emotional states of the three singing characters in "Cosa sento."

- melodies

Mozart used more _______ in his compositions than most composers.

- melodies

The two movements studied in this chapter include a _______ and a _______.

- minuet; rondo

A virtual monopoly on learning during the Middle Ages was held by:

- monks and priests in monasteries.

How would you describe the melodic motion?

- mostly conjunct; disjunct at the very beginning and after a pause

Is there a single singer or are there multiple singers, and what is the texture?

- multiple singers; monophonic

Modern examples of double-reed instruments are?

- oboe and bassoon

A large orchestra in Haydn's time would have consisted of a string section, a wind section, and a(n) _______ section.

- percussion

In the 1780s, Mozart made a name for himself in Vienna as both a composer and a

- pianist

One of Mozart's contemporaries, Christoph Willibald Gluck, believed that music should serve the ______ of the opera.

- plot

Music of the Middle Ages included both:

- polyphonic and monophonic textures

The development section of Sonata Form:

- presents themes and transforms them so that they are different from the original hearing. - is generally harmonically unstable - falls between the exposition and recapitulation (all of the above)

Fugue comes from the same root word as "fugitive" and:

- refers to the tendency of voices to "chase" one another as it develops.

Which section of the concerto does this excerpt contain?

- ritornello

The last movement of Haydn's Symphony no. 102 is typical of the symphonic _______ in the Classical Era.

- rondo

The way Mozart used a recurring musical theme interspersed with contrasting melodic ideas in "Cosa sento" resembles

- rondo form

A binary form in which the opening idea returns in the tonic key about halfway through the second section is called

- rounded binary form

There were some in Haydn's audience for his Symphony no. 102 in B-flat Major who felt that the large number of instruments created a harmony that could mirror

- society

In addition to her music, Hildegard:

- was the first woman to receive permission from a pope to write on theology - experienced visions and revelations and directed the life of a thriving convent. - considered herself a channel through which the Holy Spirit spoke to humankind. (all of the above in addition to writing on medicine, plants, and the lives of saints)

The Count sings the same _______ in this excerpt that he sings two other times in the scene.

- words

Matching the following words with the correct equivalents:

1. Largo, lento - Very Slow. 2. Adagio - Slow. 3. Moderato - Medium. 4. Allegro - Fast. 5. Presto - Very Fast. 6. Prestissimo - Very Very Fast. 7. Ritardando - Gradually Slow. 8. Andante - At A Walking Pace. 9. Accellerando - Gradually Faster.

Dynamic Characteristic

1. PPP (pianississimo) - Very,very soft 2. PP (pianissimo) - Very Soft 3. P (piano) - Soft 4. MP (mezzo piano) - Moderately soft 5. MF (mezzo forte) - Medium Loud 6. F (forte) - Loud 7. FF (fortissimo) - Very Loud 8. FFF (fortississimo) - Very,very loud.

Haydn wrote ____ symphonies.

106

The Renaissance is a period extending from roughly:

1425-1600

The dates for the Baroque era in music are:

1600-1750

The Classical Era was a period existing from roughly:

1750 - 1800.

A phrase is

A complete musical idea or section within a larger melodic line

What instrument is playing this example?

A french horn

Meter is

A group of beats that represent patterns in the music

A sequence is:

A melodic pattern of pitches repeated at a different pitch level.

Sonata form parallels which of the following?

A three-act drama, such as the Wizard of Oz

Which section or sections of the melody do you hear?

A, then B (A then B == A repeated with a different ending)

What is the structure of the excerpt?

AA

Which of the following is true?

All tunes are melodies

Which of the following is true:

All tunes have phrases.

Belinda performs a(n) ________ until she is joined by the chorus.

Aria

What instrument is playing this example?

Bassoon

What instrument is playing this example?

Cello

What instrument is playing this example?

Clarinet

Mozart's father, Leopold, was

Composer, Violinist

What section of sonata form is this?

Development

One of the first operas ever written in English was

Dido and Aeneas by Purcell

What instrument is playing this example?

Double bass

What meter is playing this example?

Duple

"Since Robin Hood" follows the same meter throughout.

False

Harmony is the successive sound of individual pitches.

False

Susato composed Moorish Dance for specific instruments.

False (Susato didn't specify which instruments were needed to perform his music and instead allowed the players use what ever was available.)

The world was at peace, and there were no revolutions during the Classical Era.

False (There was the French Revolution of 1789 and the American Revolution of 1776.)

The word "tutti" indicates that only wind instruments should play a given section.

False (Tutti means everyone plays)

Because he was somewhat cut off from the musical society due to working in an orphanage, Vivaldi composed very few works in his lifetime.

False (Vivaldi wrote more than 500 concertos, 40 operas, and 90 sonatas.)

Dynamics are determined by the frequency of the vibrations per second.

False (pitch is determined by the frequency of the vibrations per/sec.)

Classical Era melodies are on the whole less tuneful and more complicated with less balance than that of the Baroque Era.

False (the opposite)

We know exactly how the great violin makers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries produced instruments, and have made great improvements on their efforts.

False (Modern technology has not improved the violin and the work of the violin makers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They violin makers of the past have not been out done by their modern day equivalents.)

What instrument is playing this example?

Flute

This describes a

French overture.

What instrument is playing this example?

Harpsichord

Which of the following is NOT true of the composer Antonio Vivaldi?

He died a very wealthy man and is buried in Westminster Abbey.

Which of the following is NOT true of Bach?

His music was not appreciated during his lifetime.

How is this recitative different from the more standard recitative you have heard?

It is accompanied by the orchestra

Describe usage of the "shawm" today?

It is widely used in northern Africa and the Middle East, but elsewhere it has mostly died out.

In music, it is common to use _________ terms to refer to volume.

Italian

In what language are tempo markings generally given?

Italian

In what country did the madrigal originate?

Italy

What instrument is playing this example?

Lute

"Since Robin Hood" is what type of song?

Madrigal

The repetitive bass you hear accompanying Dido's singing ______ is called

Ostinato

This excerpt comes from the instrumental beginning of an opera called the

Overture

Which of the following markings is the "softest"?

Pianissimo

What instrument is playing this example?

Piccolo

Weelkes was a contemporary of

Shakespeare

On what word does Weelkes use word painting?

Skip

The standard ranges of the human voice from TOP to BOTTOM are as follows:

Soprano Alto Tenor Bass

What country now covers the region where this piece is from?

Spain

Musicians in Elizabethan England sometimes moonlighted as

Spies

Why was the idea of opera resisted by the English public?

The English public was used to its strong tradition of spoken drama.

The Brandenburg Concertos are dedicated to:

The Margrave of Brandenburg.

To help audiences understand operas in other languages, many opera houses project translations on screens that are above the stage or on the backs of seats.

True

True or false: This piece originally came with a text and was written for singers.

True

Weelkes's "Since Robin Hood" is written for three distinct voices.

True

What instrument is playing this example?

Trumpet

Is the following melody a tune or a motive?

Tune

What instrument is playing this example?

Tympani

What instrument is playing this example?

Viola

What instrument is playing this example?

Violin

What was the source for Purcell's opera Dido and Aeneas?

Virgil's Aenead, about the aftermath of the Trojan War and the eventual founding of Rome

What instrument is playing this example?

Xylophone

With multiple soloists, Johann Sebastian Bach's Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in F Major is an example of

a concerto grosso

Thomas Weelkes's "Since Robin Hood" is about

a cross-country dance over nine days.

A polyphonic work based on a central theme is called

a fugue

A metronome is

a mechanical device that measures the number of beats per minute

Compound meter is:

a meter with duple in the foreground and triple in the background at the same time

An ostinato is

a pattern in which only a few notes are repeated over and over.

Beat is

a regular recurring time unit that represents the pulsation of the music

Opera was the result of:

a small group of philosophers, musicians, and poets (the Camerata) who met in Florence to consider reviving the synthesis of music and drama as it had been done in the ancient Greek cultures.

Mozart uses a form that resembles a rondo in "Cosa sento," which means that

an opening melodic idea returns repeatedly over the course of a movement, and these points of return are separated by a series of contrasting melodic ideas.

Bach never wrote

an opera

Haydn, Mozart and others liked to use the rondo form in the finale of symphonies and other multi-movement works because rondos:

are jaunty and bright, and their principal melodies are often quite catchy.

Word-Music Relationships

are many and diverse.

In this _______ of Bach's fugue, Leopold Stokowski has distributed notes among different _______.

arrangement; instruments

The term "concerto grosso" means:

big concerto with multiple instruments.

Audiences could be quite noisy before the beginning of the opera, due in part to:

both a and b. ( a. the fact that the music they were about to hear was new and not a cherished and respected masterwork (much like "today's music" concerts). b. people regarded the opera as a social event. )

Martin Luther wrote:

both the words and music for "A Mighty Fortress is Our God."

Sonata Form can be thought of as a:

drama in three parts such as "The Wizard of Oz."

What you hear is a short section of _______ beats repeated once before the next section begins.

eight

The new use of homophony began around 1600 and made possible the:

emergence of opera

Binary form uses the musical notation |: :|, which indicates that

everything between these two signs is to be repeated immediately after it has been played the first time.

The technique of imitation or imitative counterpoint:

is a type of counterpoint in which one voice introduces each new theme and is answered by other voices that enter in succession as it continues to sing.

Which of the following is NOT a part of the organ?

microphone

Good music makes the meaning of a text:

more vivid and memorable

Nannerl Mozart didn't achieve the same renown as her brother because

she was a composer as well as keyboard player, and Europe wasn't very accepting of female composers.

The notes you hear running against the regular pulse of the musical meter are called?

syncopated

Individual movements of music are often referred to by their:

tempo

Stringed instruments from the Baroque Era are still superior to those crafted today. This is probably due to the fact that:

the wood was of a better quality than what we can find today due to pollution and other factors.