MUS 377U
There are forty-nine main types of regional sones. So many that it is difficult to keep track of them. The majority of the sones use a varitey of thumped membranophones specific to the regions and are often joined by rattles and sticks.
False
The instrument types used in Cuban music that are African-derived are mostly:
Idiophones and Membranophones
Which ancient peoples did not invade/occupy the Iberian Peninsula?
Japanese
In muslim Spain (al-Andalus) the following three religions were practiced and coexisted in relative peace:
Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
The nueva cancion (new song) protest song movement began as a reponse to the political climate of what country?
NOT Chile; Guatamala Cuba Mexico
Which of the following is an aerophone?
Ney
Ethnomusicology is the study of
People making music
A membranophone is an instrument that makes sound through the use of a
Skin
The first European musicians to arrive in Cuba were ______________________.
Spanish military bands.
Modern guitar music continues to be notated in tablature using numbers and are commonly called Guitar ___________.
TABS
The _____________are the native peoples of Cuba and they had a celebration feast that included music and dance.
Taino
Which group viewed certain musical instruments as earthly manifestations of supernatural deities.
The Aztec
"Fieldwork" is the process of going into the environment in which a specific music normally occurs in order to observe musical activites and question individuals with knowledge of the tradition under study.
True
"O Magnum Mysterium" by Tomas Luis de Victoria (ca. 1548-1611) music composed just after the time of the encounter. It is an excellent example of sacred music with polyphony (the combination of multiple independant musical lines).
True
A few of the common traits of the mestizo son are that it is: Music for accompanying couples social dance Vigorous marked rhythm Fast tempo
True
A large number of Yoruba peoples (a distinct ethnic group from West Africa) were brought to Cuba through a slave trade agreement between the British and Spanish empires between 1820-1840.
True
After 1959 all music education and musical activiy in Cuba fell under the responsibility of government entities.
True
American jazz bands influenced large Cuban groups during the 1950s.
True
Approximately 700,000 African slaves were forcibly brought to Cuba between the years 1761-1870.
True
As a way of attempting to explain the complexity of a particular era, George List fit certain regions of South America with a framework of tricultural heritage--Native American, African, and Spanish.
True
At the time of the Encounter the inhabitants of what was to become known as the Americas spoke more than two thousand languages.
True
Both the Cuban son and rumba complexes employ a rhythmic pattern called a clave.
True
Certain Aztec instruments were thought to be of divine origin.
True
Corridos are found throughout Mexico and favored in northern and western areas. Roots are in Spanish poetry that uses text in form of coplas and decimas. Revolution of 1910 increased popularity of the corrido often memorialzing historical events.
True
Cuban music and culture is mainly a blending of African and Spanish traditions with few contributions from the original native Amerindian peoples.
True
Cuban music was influenced by French music and dance during the late 1700s and early 1800
True
Cultural ignorance is a source of many sterotypes about other peoples.
True
Definitions of "music" are of necessity culturally determined.
True
During interludes in the son michoacona one of the other instrumentalists may kneel down and beat the lower face of the harp to provide percussive accompaniment.
True
During the independence period in Mexico European art music and Italian opera become popular in Mexico.
True
Each country has its native people, many of whom have assimilated and mixed with the foreign dominant cultures in many regions
True
Ethnocentrism is the assuption that one's own cultural paternes and understandings are normative and that those that differ are "strange," "exotic" or "abnormal"
True
Ethnomusicology has long been pulled in two directions: the anthropological and the musicological, the first centering on the study of human behavior and cultural context, the second emphasizing the sonic artifacts of human music-making.
True
Ethnomusicology is the scholarly study of any music within its contemporary cultural context.
True
Fieldwork is the first-hand study of music in its original context, a technique derived from anthropology.
True
Here is an example of a Mexican cowboy/warrior linked to western Mexican which has become a sort of national symbol.
True
In the santeria religion the orishas are invoked through the performance of preestablished rhythmic patterns in the form of drumming.
True
Labeling music lets us break it down into managable subcategories, but labels can also be misleading. We need to be cautious when using labels to be sure we are not stereotyping.
True
M1. Folklore is the study of orally transmitted folk knowledge and culture.
True
Many cultures and religions make a distinction between music and singing. Fro some, the word music refers only to instrumental sounds.
True
Many rhythmic, metric and melodic gestures are unique to Spain but reflect the influence of North Africa and other ancient cultures that inhabited the Iberian Peninsula.
True
Mariachis were Originally seen as rural music by cultural elite - from 1930s on, they became the most prominent Mexican ensemble.
True
Mexican children's music such as the song "Las Mañanitas" is an example of a serenata
True
Music is universal.
True
Náhuatl (na-wha-tl) is the native tongue of the Aztec Empire.
True
On the main island of Cuba, most of the population is descended from Spaniards (from southern Spain, birthplace of flamenco) and Africans with smaller mixtures of other populations (Caribbean, French and Chinese).
True
One of the many gifts of Al Andalus to the western world is a greatly refined construction and playing of musical instruments.
True
One of the many treasures of Muslim Spain were the libraries--Cordoba's royal library housed more than 400,000 volumes while the largest library in Europe contained less than 400 manuscripts.
True
Roughly from the years 711 ad to 1492 there was a consistent Islamic presence in Spain for a period known as Al Andalus.
True
Social categories or "groups" to which we belong are largely determined by socio-cultural factors like religion, language, gender, economics, and politics.
True
Some believe first guitar-like instruments arrive in Iberia with the Romans.
True
The Aztec had a syllabic system for teaching rhythm and drumming patterns.
True
The Danzón evolved from the contradanza (habanera).
True
The Jarabe tapatio - related to the Spanish seguidilla and fandango is commonly referred to as the "Mexican Hat Dance" in the U.S.
True
The Mexican Revolution led to a nationalist cultural movement throughout the country - a sort of Mexican self-discovery. Native Amerindian and mestizo songs and dances are collected, published and distributed to the masses.
True
The Son Guerrenense is from the state of Guerrero also known as son calentano (from word "caliente" meaning hot, referring to climate).
True
The achievements of many American cultures and nations were distinguished and remarkable... Unfortunately most of them did not survive the genocide, disease and enslavement inflicted upon them by Europeans.
True
The archeological record is important for learning about music making and musical instruments.
True
The landscape of Latin America contains deserts, tropical rainforest jungles and lush pine forests that have glaciers and snow capped peaks.
True
The music of Mexico is generally divided into four basic time periods: Pre-Encounter (pre-1521) Colonial (1521-1810) Independence (1810-1910) Post-Revolution (1910- )
True
The only form not derived from colonial era music but from an imported genre and dance called the cueca, found in Chile, Peru and parts of Argentina.
True
The term "the Encounter" is preferred to "the Conquest" because most Native Americans in South America were never conquered.
True
The term Amerindian will be used throughout the course to describe the groups of people that originally inhabited the region of what is now called Latin America.
True
The well-known song "La Bamba" is originally a son jarocho.
True
Typically, a researcher observes musical activity from the sidelines. However, sometimes the researcher may join in the activity and become what is called a participant-observer.
True
What can we know about the world's musics and how do we obtain this knowledge are basic questions in the field of ethnomusicology.
True
While the majority of the inhabitants of the Hispanic Caribbean, Middle America (i.e. Mexico and Central America), and South America speak either Spanish or Portuguese... but they may not want to be called "latinos."
True
The two groups of African peoples that have impacted Cuban music most strongly are
Yoruba and Bantu
Archaeomusicology is the study of
archaeology through musical instruments.
The traditional instrumentation for son jarocho is
arpa, jarana, requinto
Music that is passed down by word of mouth and learned by hearing live performance is said to live in a(n) _________ tradition
aural (or oral)
The most important instruments used in santeria are the two headed drums known as__________. These hour glass shaped drums are Cuban versions of African instruments and are always used in groups of three.
batá
Mexican cowboys are known as
charros
Many of the musical instruments of the Aztec were....
considered to have supernatural powers and were treated and worshipped as sounding idols.
Which musical genre based on epic Spanish ballads has contemporary texts that describe the exploits of drug smugglers?
corrido, narco corrido, narcocorrida
The following chordophone, played regularly in mariachi groups, is called a
guitarron
Instruments that are classified as chordophones
have strings that vibrate when plucked, beaten, strummed, or bowed.
The son that mariachis primarily perform is son
jalisciense
Timbre
like an aural "color." It allows us to distinguish between different instruments.
The renaissance six-course vihuela and an excellent example of a__________________________________.
plucked chordophone
In the 1500's, the _______________________________________was the most important musical instrument for serious music in Spain. It was brought to the New World and has had a lasting influence.
renaissance vihuela
One example of the complexity of Cuban music is _______________.
the danzón.
The Cuban ___________ is a three-course plucked chordophone.
trés
Recently ancient texts with ______________________music have been discovered in Mexico reflecting the influence of Al Andalus.
vihuela
The flute is classified as a/n
Aerophone
Since the 19th century, virtually every Latin American country's music tradition has been strongly influenced in one way or another by __________________music.
Afro-cuban
Which of the following types of music have influenced Mexican music?
All of the above
The guitar is an example of what instrument type?
Chordophone
Which types of instruments it is thought may not have existed in Aztec Mexico prior to the arrival of the Spanish?
Chordophones
An idiophone is an instrument that uses a stretched skin to produce sound.
False
At the time of the Encounter the inhabitants of what was to become known as the Americas were few and far between and did not have much ethnic or linguistic diversity.
False
Cuban plucked chordophones only use single strings like a modern guitar and never courses (strings in pairs).
False
Music is a universal language.
False
Only elite Aztec children were provided with an education in music and dance so that they could actively participate in the practices of the society.
False
Only the Latin American countries that have tropical rainforests have Native Amerindian populations.
False
Organology is the study of organs (heart, liver, kidney).
False
Spanish is the only language spoken in Latin America.
False
The Cuban tres is an African-derived idiophone.
False
The large influx of immigrants to Latin America exclusively came from Spain
False
The term Amerindian will be used throughout the course to describe the groups of people that moved to South America
False
