MUSC 2150 Final

1) Back Stabbers by the O'Jays, produced by Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff, is an example of? 2) There is a danceable? 3) The orchestral strings are originally?

1) 'The Sound of Philadelphia' (TSOP), a fusion of Motown pop, sweet soul, and dance and an early form of disco 2) beat and an uncomplicated groove 3) a Leiber and Stoller addition to black pop

1) Sonically, punk is diverse, although there are a few commonalities among early groups, including: 2) Search and Destroy (1973) by the Stooges is an example of? 3) There is a fast, heavy beat, and?

1) -a fast, heavy beat -heavy, distorted guitar -confrontational lyrics that range from ferociously angry to mildly sardonic in tone -often a screamed or spoken-sung vocal timbre, though if the lyrics are sung, they tend to be a bit nasal and amateur-sounding 2) American proto-punk: it contains elements of both punk and hippie-rock 3) distorted guitar

1) Common elements of disco include: 2) On June 27th, 1960, the New York City tactical police force raided? 3) Raids were not unusual in 1960; in fact, they were?

1) -a moderately fast to very fast tempo (speed) -simple lyrics that often contain call and response patterns -hook-based, singable lyrics -an interesting groove that is not usually as complex as funk -synthesizers -sometimes a glam element in the performer's costume and/or makeup 2) A popular Greenwich Village gay bar, the Stonewall Inn 3) conducted regularly without much resistance

1) Heavy metal is generally: 2) Shout at the Devil by Motley Crue is an example of? 3) There are heavily distorted?

1) -very loud -dominated by distorted guitars -riff-oriented -sung in vocal timbres that are rough and growling -often contain virtuosic guitar soloing -hook oriented -full of subject matter that is often dark or rebellious and confrontational -played by men, though there are exceptions 2) heavy metal 3) guitars and aggressive vocals

1) The logic behind disco and gay culture was? 2) Thus, disco was adopted, and eventually? 3) While straight people danced to disco too, as is clearly evident in films like Saturday Night Fever, it is in the gay ghettos that?

1) -you go to the gym to be fit so you can attract another man -the only place to meet another man in the 1970s is at a bar -you go to the bar, but just standing in the corner isn't going to get anyone to notice just how buff you are -you've got to dance -and if you're going to get noticed, it better be the kind of song you can really move to 2) sped up to satisfy that need 3) high-energy dance music really got its start

1) Music is marketed to people from? 2) The boomers had mortgages and college funds for their kids to? 3) The new generation coming in behind the boomers (generation X) was a smaller group, so?

1) 12-32 years old, research by music labels show that this group buys the most music 2) think about 3) even if they all bought music regularly, the sales could still not equal those of the boomers

1) Diverse sounds made up black pop of the? 2) Youth dance culture, formed in the late 1950s by American Bandstand, continued to develop in? 3) The mainstream music consisted of?

1) 1970s 2) Soul Train, a program that showcases mainstream black pop 3) funk, soul, Motown pop, and fusions of these styles with other genres

1) The US pulled out of Vietnam in? 2) The guitar solo in Search and Destroy is not normally? 3) The vocal timbre is?

1) 1973, the same year the song Search and Destroy was released 2) a feature of punk, soloing is part of the hippie aesthetic of progressive rock 3) rough and amateur

1) The Thriller video starring Michael Jackson was released in? 2) This video contains a variety of elements that would have been attractive to the early 1980s audience: 3) With the addition of a professional director and state of the art visual effects, the Thriller video is?

1) 1983 2) -zombie and werewolf movies rose in popularity from the 1970s to the 1990s, peaking in the 1980s; John Landis, director of an American Werewolf in London, released in 1980s, directed the video -the opening sequence of two teenagers running out of gas takes place in the 1950s: there is a letterman jacket, poodle skirt, and bobby socks, as well as a dated car model; the 1950s were a source of naive nostalgia to teenagers and adults in the 1980s: high schools ran 50s style dances; the 1950s family comedy series Leave it to Beaver ran in syndication for the entire decade; a sequel to the series was also developed and broadcast -the graveyard sequence, where the zombies rise, is voiced over by Vincent Price; Price was an actor who had played parts (often the villain) in many horror films of the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s; these movies were still in rotation on television in the 1980s; he was a familiar icon of horror and camp-horror films to both adults and teenagers in the 1980s; his presence lends a sense of authenticity to the video -the dance sequences are tight and highly polished and appealed to the youth TV dance culture, still alive and well in the 1980s 3) a piece de resistance of marketing for the song and the album

1) In the late 1970s, record prices jumped? 2) In 1971, high-fidelity, recordable cassette tapes became? 3) Over the next 10 years, the burgeoning use of these tapes to pirate albums became?

1) 2$ in two years, annoying the public and further supported the image of 'fat cat' labels and artists 2) available for the mass market 3) an economic drain on the big record labels

1) In My Best Friend's Girl, there are some late? 2) Can't Stand Losing You by the Police is an example of? 3) There is a very syncopated groove in?

1) 60s (hippie) rock influences as well: a guitar solo and a repeating bass riff at the beginning 2) new wave 3) the verses

1) While the genre of gangsta rap is controversial because of its current themes, the original rise of the genre is directly linked to? 2) F*** tha Police by NWA is an example of? 3) NWA is a?

1) American race relations 2) gangsta rap 3) Los Angeles group: the city where Operation Hammer was executed

1) Jamaican emigration to Britain had been steady until? 2) There was, therefore, a substantial Jamaican subculture present in? 3) Some British punks blended?

1) Britain placed heavy restrictions on immigration in the 1960s 2) Britain in the 1970s 3) elements of reggae into their own music as a gesture of solidarity with the Jamaican-British underclass

1) The punk movement returned to the US through? 2) Punk culture at its height was characterized by? 3) It was a direct challenge to?

1) British artists and also became briefly popular 2) a do-it-yourself attitude: the notion that anyone can play rock and that it doesn't have to be polished (though some were), artsy (though some were), deeply meaningful (though some were), or commercially successful (though some were) 3) the aesthetic of hippie-driven mainstream rock

1) Anarchy in the UK by the Sex Pistols is an example of? 2) There is a fast, heavy beat, and? 3) The lyrics are?

1) British punk 2) distorted guitar 3) confrontational, angry, and intended to shock: -I am an anti-Christ -I am an anti-Christ -Don't know what I want -But I know how to get it -I wanna destroy the passer-by -I wanna be anarchy

1) In 1930, when Haile Selassie ('Power of the Trinity') was crowned king of the African nation of Ethiopia, preachers in Kingston saw this as confirmation of? 2) The Rastafarians' interpretation of the Bible focused on? 3) Rastafarianism became associated with?

1) Garvey's prediction and proceeded to scrutinize the Old Testament in search of passages that supported the authenticity of Selassie's divinity 2) passages that dealt with slavery, salvation, and the apocalyptic consequences that would eventually be visited upon oppressors (collectively referred to in the religion as 'Babylon') 3) a unique set of cultural practices, including special terminology (for example, 'I-and 1' is substituted for 'we'), the use of marijuana (ganja) as a sacramental herb, and the wearing of a distinctive hairstyle called dreadlocks

1) After killing the mayor, Dan White moved on the office of? 2) Milk began to get up from his desk, holding his hands out in front of him to? 3) White?

1) Harvey Milk 2) placate the obviously distraught White 3) shot Milk in the face, killing him instantly

1) Rock steady became a new form of ska: 2) The updated ska mixed with imported New Orleans rhythm and blues and soul from the 1950s and 1960s and became? 3) Its link with Rastafarianism made it?

1) Jamaican popular music 2) reggae in the 1970s 3) a political and socially-conscious music

1) The literary reference in Don't Stand So Close to Me is to? 2) The story is about? 3) He kidnaps her and they?

1) Lolita, a novel by Vladimir Nabakov, written in 1955 2) a middle-aged man who becomes obsessed with his landlady's underage daughter 3) travel together for a few years, the protagonist trading privileges for sexual favours

1) In Ladies First, it is difficult to keep the beat because? 2) The first instance happens? 3) These metric disruptions catch?

1) Queen Latifah and Monie Love disrupt the meter by placing the accents in the vocals off the beat 2) in the middle of the first verse 3) your interest

1) The first gay-identified artist to break through into disco music was? 2) He was an openly gay black man, who? 3) His publicity stills seemed?

1) Sylvester in 1978 2) made no apologies for his homosexuality 3) androgynous, his lyrics studiously avoided any reference to women, though neither did they explicitly discuss homosexuality

1) Billie Jean has the catchy hook-based lyrics of? 2) There is sophistication of the recording: 3) This is definitely not?

1) TSOP (The Sound of Philadelphia) and Motown 2) the overdubbing and the smooth layering of a variety of instruments 3) punk

1) The effect of Grandmaster Flash slowing and syncopating the first two lines of the chorus in The Message is like? 2) The technique adds? 3) Rock Box by Run-DMC is an example of?

1) a hitch in the meter: it sounds like the meter changes, but it doesn't 2) interest and variety to the recited lyrics 3) rap

1) The narrative lyrics of Don't Stand So Close to Me deal with a controversial topic: 2) These are lyrics with? 3) There is also a literary reference in the last line of the verse:

1) a man's obsession with an underage girl 2) some thought behind them 3) "Just like the old man in that book by Nabakov"

1) The contrast in image of heavy metal artists vs Cobain is? 2) The underdogs of the early 80s became the superstars of the 1990s: 3) MTV helped this along to a point, however, reaction against?

1) a parallel of the contrast in musical style 2) new wave, rap, metal, and alternative all became mainstream music by the end of the 80s 3) corporate rock of the 70s and 80s was also a factor

1) Like punk, new wave can reflect? 2) The old punk didn't disappear: 3) New wave is essentially?

1) a range of aesthetics, from 'back to basics' to sonically sophisticated and socially conscious 2) punk in a variety of forms is still alive and well today, however, it tends to remain on the fringe in its most extreme forms 3) the mainstream punk of the late 1970s and early 1980s

1) In the case of Rodney King, the officers were tried, and three were? 2) When news of the acquittals broke in 1992, riots erupted in? 3) It took the police, the army, the National Guard, and the Marines to?

1) acquitted, while the jury remained undecided about the fourth 2) Los Angeles 3) restore order

1) The song F*** tha Police came out the year? 2) The lyrics outline the belief that? 3) The lyrics are?

1) after the crack down began 2) racial profiling was behind the police treatment of many black men in urban centres 3) angry, vulgar, and violent: this is clearly a protest song

1) By the late 1970s, the music industry was? 2) Instead of Tin Pan Alley, however, the dominant music was? 3) Record companies eliminated acts that?

1) again concentrated among a few international labels, just as it had been in the early 1950s prior to the advent of rock and roll 2) rock 3) were not sure money-makers

1) On the surface, Search and Destroy's lyrics are about? 2) The poetic, reflective quality of hippie rock is? 3) However, given the war imagery, one could make a case that the protagonist is?

1) an angry, destructive man who feels alienated and is looking for sex 2) missing 3) a disaffected, angry, Vietnam vet who is having trouble readjusting to civilian life

1) The Rastafarian movement spread rapidly through? 2) In the mountainous interior of Jamaica, where communities of escaped slaves called 'maroons' had been living since the nineteenth century, Rastafarian songs and chants were mixed with? 3) This style in turn fed back into?

1) an extensive network of neighbourhood churches and informal prayer meetings, where music and dance were used to 'give praise and thanks' (satta amassanga) and to 'chant down Babylon' 2) an African-derived style of drumming called burru, creating a heavier, slower sound 3) urban popular music, resulting around 1966 in an updated version of ska called rock steady

1) In Don't Stand So Close to Me, the synthesizer, rather than contributing to the groove, instead creates? 2) This song is a re-imagining of? 3) The song privileges intellect over?

1) an uncomfortable, foreboding atmosphere with long, low drones that supports the narrative content 2) the hippie aesthetic: there is no virtuosic solo, but the conceit is there in the literary reference 3) technical ability through the reference

1) If it weren't for the groove in Papa's Got a Brand New Bag and Thank You, the vocals would be? 2) There are two elements of psychedelic rock in Thank You: 3) The groove is so interesting that it?

1) boring 2) -a guitar with an electronic effect -the trance-like repetitions of the groove 3) demands movement from the body, rather than meditative motionless

1) In Don't Stand So Close to Me, there is no ironic? 2) The corporate model of marketing the super group, begun in the 1970s, continued in? 3) The anti-corporate punk aesthetic has been?

1) citation of earlier music styles, though the technique remains one of the hallmarks of the genre 2) with the superstar in the 1980s 3) tamed and mixed with pop elements to create mainstream new wave, though many styles of punk continued on in the margins

1) Other media, such as cable TV, VCRs, and video games were also? 2) To deal with this drop in sales, the industry continued to? 3) These huge international labels were set up to?

1) competing for consumers' entertainment dollars 2) contract into fewer, larger labels 3) back superstars, not engage in niche marketing: small, independent labels continued to service the margins

1) The melody of Living for the City is? 2) The use of multiple synthesizers is similar to? 3) The complex harmonies are similar to?

1) complex, more like soul, rock or pop 2) the progressive rockers, as is the irregular meter and the compound form 3) both funk and progressive rock

1) Like a Virgin by Madonna is an example of? 2) There is a fast, heavy? 3) There are many layers of?

1) dance pop 2) dance beat: an influence of disco 3) synthesized sound: made easier by MIDI

1) In the riots of 1992, more than 50 people? 2) In 1993, a federal court re-tried? 3) Two were?

1) died, and more than 2000 were injured 2) the officers 3) acquitted and two were sentenced to jail time

1) For the song One, the band has a very tight sense of? 2) By 1980, over 30% of all blacks in North America lived in? 3) In 1987, over 30% of young male blacks were?

1) ensemble: all parts work together flawlessly- nothing about this music is unsophisticated 2) poverty, compared to only about 10% of North American whites 3) unemployed, compared to about 15% of young white males

1) Papa was a Rolling Stone by the Temptations is an example of? 2) The groove is built slowly over? 3) The psychedelic rock elements are present in?

1) funk 2) a minute and a half: instruments gradually joining 3) the wah-wah guitar and the mesmerizing groove

1) Tear the Roof Off the Sucker (Give up the Funk) by Parliament is an example of? 2) There are synthesized strings, a sound common in? 3) The vocals are so repetitive, especially those of the background singers, that?

1) funk 2) progressive rock and eventually disco 3) they are often part of the groove

1) 1999 has the most? 2) The song was a protest against? 3) The flamboyant costume of Prince is reminiscent of?

1) funk influence: there is a complex and interesting groove 2) nuclear proliferation, though it also contains overt sexual references: something Prince was known for during the 1980s 3) glam and punk

1) The backing track of F*** the Police owes much to? 2) Scratching is also used? 3) Ladies First by Queen Latifah is an example of?

1) funk: the groove is complex and interesting 2) frequently 3) rap

1) The White trial verdict was followed by? 2) The 'White Night' riots were answered by? 3) The bar's owners sued?

1) gay rioting in the Civic Centre area 2) the San Francisco Police Department with an unprovoked attack on the Castro district, in which dozens of gay people were injured and a bar, the Elephant Walk, was nearly destroyed 3) the city and in a historic judgement, were reimbursed for all damage incurred

1) The hope during the second recession was that each song could be? 2) One of the significant fruits of the 80s technology boom was the development of? 3) MIDI is an?

1) gradually sold off as a single and so keep the whole album in circulation for as long as possible 2) MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface 3) industry standard protocol that allows different musical devices, such as keyboards, drum machines, and computers, to communicate with each other

1) Gansta rap is very? 2) Early examples deal with? 3) Over time, however, the genre began to glorify?

1) graphic and often violent, vulgar, and sometimes full of rage 2) issues of gang violence and police violence against blacks 3) macho, street-wise culture as well as misogynist attitudes towards women and hedonistic materialism

1) One by Metallica is an example of? 2) There is a lack of? 3) The vocal timbre is?

1) heavy metal 2) hook 3) growling throughout

1) While gay club playlists are diverse, they invariably feature? 2) Though gays and lesbians buy all kinds of music for home use, from classical to country western, analysis of music-buying trends among gay magazine readers indicates that? 3) Many gay men think of disco and dance as?

1) high proportions of disco, house, and other dance forms 2) more dollars are spent on dance music than any other category 3) the archetypal gay music genre

1) Like the Stonewall Riots of the sixties, the events surrounding Harvey Milk's death and the aftermath were a rallying cry to? 2) It was time to? 3) It is no coincidence that this was also reflected in?

1) homosexuals around the world 2) take the next step out of the closet 3) the music that gays and lesbians played in their meeting places

1) During the double-dip recession, thousands of people? 2) The music industry was in trouble at the beginning of? 3) Sales, which had seen meteoric growth through the 1970s, dropped?

1) lost their jobs and many who kept their jobs had to take a cut in pay 2) the decade as well 3) 20% between 1979 and 1982

1) Rock Box has what kind of sound? 2) Despite the line 'move your body to the funky sound', there is little? 3) Like the guitars, this was likely done to?

1) mainstream rock: distorted electric guitars and a basic, uncomplicated groove 2) evidence of funk in this rap: the groove is simple and rock-like 3) invite crossover opportunities and access to white audiences

1) Some punk sounds evolved in order to become? 2) These 'new wave' artists tended to be? 3) Lyrics are sung more often than?

1) more mainstream and commercial (another paradox) 2) more ironic than angry and they tend to cite pre-1967 pop elements in their own music 3) shouted

1) King was awarded? 2) Operation Hammer and the Rodney King beating led to? 3) It's likely that such resentment fed?

1) more than 3 million dollars in damages 2) a sharp rise in resentment against the police by many African Americans living in Los Angeles and other urban centres 3) the development and growth of 'gangsta rap' on the west coast

1) MIDI made the process of sampling and building new tracks from samples? 2) Billie Jean by Michael Jackson is an example of? 3) This song contains elements of?

1) much easier and economical 2) dance pop 3) funk and disco: the groove is complex like funk and the beat is fast like disco

1) The tempo of Smells Like Teen Spirit is? 2) The heavily distorted guitar sound is just like? 3) The lyrics, while they are evocative, are rather?

1) much slower than punk, more like new wave 2) punk or metal, but lacks the solos common in metal 3) nonsensical and nonlinear

1) My Best Friend's Girl by the Cars is an example of? 2) The subject matter of the lyrics is simple: 3) There are references to?

1) new wave 2) teen love 3) older pop music (pre-1967)

1) In the late 1970s, labels usually signed? 2) The tendency was a certain amount of? 3) Mainstream rock accounted for about?

1) older, proven groups to lengthy contracts, rather than take risks with new acts 2) homogeneity among the mainstream acts 3) 80% of all music sales at this time, and was dubbed 'corporate rock' by cynics

1) The call for racial and social equality made by Rastafarians resonated well with? 2) The manner in which reggae was distributed and consumed in Jamaica would inspire? 3) Get Up, Stand Up is by?

1) oppressed groups in Britain and the United States, among both blacks and whites 2) early rap artists in the United States 3) Bob Marley and the Wailers

1) The lyrics of Do You Wanna Funk are about? 2) Gay audiences knew he was? 3) The first line of the chorus contains the memorable hook:

1) picking up a sex partner by cruising at a bar 2) cruising for a man; straight audiences didn't catch on 3) 'Do you wanna funk'? that represents TSOP brand of pop

1) The song One is a short? 2) In the novel, the main character's mind fades in and out between fantasy and reality: 3) The machine-gun riff is?

1) power ballad: the lyrics describe a narrative and the music begins softly and becomes louder and more aggressive towards the end 2) this is perhaps reflected in the alternation between more sunny musical sections and the aggressive sections 3) rhythmic rather than melodic and appears regularly only in the last third of the song

1) Eventually, the movement against progressive and 'corporate' rock was against? 2) The movement remained on the margins of society until? 3) In Britain, the 'punk' movement became?

1) pretty much all aspects of the dominant culture 2) supported by British artists 3) mainstream (paradoxically), both as a culture and a music, for a brief time in the late 1970s

1) The lyrics of Ladies First are? 2) Rap lyrics in the late 1980s and the early 1990s tended to be? 3) Smells Like Teen Spirit is by?

1) pro gender equality 2) more socially conscious than those in the middle of the decade 3) Nirvana

1) Prior to the summer of the Stonewall riots, there was little? 2) Gay nightclubs and bars were the essential infrastructure of the gay social scene: 3) Through the 1970s, the number of these 'safe' bars began to?

1) public expression of the lives and experiences of gays and lesbians 2) an essential opportunity for gay people to meet each other in a safe environment, free from the heterosexual assumptions of the mainstream club scene 3) rise dramatically

1) Although Sylvester's gay image was not widely? 2) Do You Wanna Funk by Sylvester is an example of? 3) 'Funk' is used as a barely disguised substitute for?

1) publicized outside the gay world, it did allow Sylvester to become an out gay performer with a major record deal 2) disco 3) 'f***'- very risqué in the 1970s

1) In 1991, after a high-speed chase, Rodney King was? 2) A man in a nearby apartment taped? 3) Four officers were charged with?

1) pulled over for drunk driving then tasered and beaten by the police outside his car 2) the beating and released the tape to the media when the LAPD dismissed the incident 3) the use of excessive force

1) Gender-bending was also part of the style? 2) Punk ideology embraced? 3) It opposed?

1) punk rock (i.e. Iggy Pop of the Stooges would wear fishnet stockings in performance) 2) racial and social equality and often gender equality (there were more female artists in punk than there ever were in rock) 3) class structures, capitalism, and consumerism

1) In the 1980s, in spite of the civil rights movement, what remained? 2) A police action called 'Operation Hammer' was begun in 1987 in Los Angeles to? 3) Massive raids were carried out starting?

1) racial inequality 2) coach down on gang violence and drug dealers 3) the following year

1) Funk is the ancestor of? 2) The groove in funk comes from? 3) Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Again) by Sly and the Family Stone is an example of?

1) rap and hip-hop 2) jazz 3) funk

1) The Message by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five is an example of? 2) The socially-conscious lyrics discuss? 3) At the end, the lyrics touch on?

1) rap and was released as a single in 1982 2) the difficulties of life in the urban ghetto, the poverty/crime cycle, and the difficult economic times of the early 1980s ('double-digit inflation') 3) the issue of racial profiling

1) Alternative eventually includes? 2) The 1990s also sees an explosion of?

1) rap elements later in the 1990s 2) women in rock: the new alternative genre gives women a forum that corporate rock and heavy metal did not

1) In Living for the City, Wonder uses a blend of? 2) Like Papa was a Rolling Stone, the lyrics are? 3) The song is not merely a narrative reflecting real life, like Papa Was a Rolling Stone, it is a call for?

1) real street sounds, vocals, and instrumentals to create the climax of the song: the turning point in the fate of a promising young man 2) socially conscious, though much more bitter and accusatory 3) social change; a call for change, moreover, that will be developed and continued in rap and hip hop

1) The use of recordable cassette tapes becoming available for the mass market allowed new acts to? 2) The availability of an inexpensive recording medium helped to? 3) During the late 1960s and through the 1970s, there was a movement in the US among?

1) record their music cheaply without the benefit of a recording studio 2) spur the underground music movements, including punk, new wave, and rap 3) some rock musicians against progressive and 'corporate' rock

1) In Can't Stand Losing You, the syncopated groove is a? 2) The lyrics are about? 3) The song is sonically more sophisticated than?

1) reggae influence 2) teen love (gone wrong) 3) My Best Friend's Girl: it contains more instruments and has more complex harmonies

1) In Shout at the Devil Vince Neil's vocal timbre is? 2) The lyrics are rebellious, suggesting stubborn strength and the will to fight the despair that comes with betrayal or bad times: 3) The hook, 'Shout, shout, shout at the devil', is?

1) rough and raw, similar to that found in the blues-based rock of the 1970s 2) but in the seasons of wither we'll stand and deliver be strong and laugh and shout at the devil 3) catchy and compelling

1) In Living for the City, the vocal timbre Wonder uses throughout is? 2) His timbre is at its roughest in? 3) The B section is a study in?

1) rough, like that of soul 2) the last A section, during the tragic conclusion of the narrative 3) electro-acoustic studio manipulation, very much in the style of the progressive rockers

1) Ladies First's backing track has been created by? 2) The musical background for this song is definitely? 3) One of the most sonically interesting elements of rap is?

1) samples: there is a loop in the introduction 2) funk: there is a complex and interesting groove 3) the singer's penchant for subverting the meter with syncopated vocals

1) In Rock Box, there is turntable? 2) The lyrics are lighter: 3) Gangsta rap is?

1) scratching in the first interlude 2) they discuss the party and the prowess of the rappers, a common theme in the mid 80s 3) a sub-type of rap that began to appear in the second half of the 1980s

1) The vocals in Anarchy in the UK are? 2) Johnny Rotten's vocal timbre is? 3) There is a very, very simple?

1) shouted, screamed, and growled throughout 2) harsh and amateur 3) guitar solo in the first bridge; nothing beyond the ability of an amateur: very back to basics

1) The lyrics of I Wanna Be Sedated are? 2) The melody is? 3) The vocals are?

1) simple and repetitive, but amusing and mildly shocking: what the Ramones called 'sick bubblegum music' 2) simple and catchy 3) in unison (no complex harmony) and the timbre is nasal and amateurish

1) The coda at the end of Shout at the Devil gives the audience room to? 2) How is the stereo space used? 3) What is the effect of the stereo?

1) sing along on their own 2) -the rhythm guitar track is doubled and at the far right and left, as are the backup vocals -the lead guitar, vocals, bass and drums are placed close to the centre 3) a sense of space that feels like the band is all around you; the band feels bigger, as well

1) Rap lyrics of the 1970s and early 1980s tended to be? 2) The backing music of The Message owes its sophisticated groove to? 3) Grandmaster Flash slows and syncopates?

1) socially conscious 2) funk 3) the first two lines of the chorus 'Don't push me 'cause I'm close to the edge, I'm tryin' not to lose my head'

1) The lyrics of Like a Virgin hardly shock us these days, but at the time, young girls singing along to the chorus caused? 2) Madonna has tipped many? 3) 1999 by Prince is an example of?

1) some consternation among adults 2) societal sacred cows over the years; this was one of her early ones: the taboo on frank discussion of female sexuality 3) dance pop

1) The hippie aesthetic, originally rejected by punks, was re-imagined by? 2) Heavy metal emerged from? 3) Rap moved from the street party to?

1) some new wavers in terms of a form of intellectualism: the ability to spot textual and musical references 2) the fringe and gave birth to the great 'hair bands' of the decade 3) the studio in the same period

1) Same-sex innuendo appeared in the lyrics of songs primarily by? 2) After 1977, gays and lesbians were no longer satisfied with? 3) The idea of gay artists singing about same-sex love finally?

1) straight artists and groups until about the mid 1970s 2) only straights' images of gay culture in music 3) caught on and there was a big reason for that

1) Smells Like Teen Spirit has more in common with? 2) Kurt Cobain's appearance: 3) Both heavy metal artists and Kurt Cobain are trying to project an image:

1) symbolist poetry than the narrative poetry of metal or rap 2) unshaven, wearing wrinkled, casual clothing, and his hair is shaggy and unkempt 3) Cobain is trying to appear regular, unremarkable, and unconcerned about appearance, while the metal artists have created flamboyant, larger-than-life stage personas

1) Do You Wanna Funk has a fast? 2) The groove is? 3) The vocals are more singable than?

1) tempo of music 2) interesting, contains a variety of timbres but is not as complex as funk grooves 3) early funk vocals

1) The city of San Francisco mourned both George Moscone and Harvey Milk after their deaths, and it seemed? 2) Part of White's defence centred on? 3) It became known as?

1) that a murder conviction was a foregone conclusion, however, White was only charged with manslaughter 2) his instability due to eating too much junk food the night before 3) the 'Twinkie' defence

1) The economic depression in Britain was far more severe than? 2) British punks felt a sympathetic kinship with? 3) Jamaica had been a British colony for?

1) that in the US: youth had few prospects and were very angry about it 2) any group that they felt was oppressed, including blacks and immigrants, which is why they became interested in reggae 3) almost 300 years until becoming independent in 1962

1) The growth of the American economy is a feature of? 2) In 1980, owing to huge jumps in interest rates to fight the inflation of the 1970s, the American economy went into? 3) The economy started to?

1) the 1980s: however, it didn't start to happen until 1983 2) mild recession that lasted a few months 3) pick up again, but then fell into a deeper recession from 1981-1982 (the dreaded 'double-dip recession)

1) The narrative style of the lyrics of 1999, performed by Prince assuming different voices, is reminiscent of? 2) There is slick studio production of the song: 3) Don't Stand So Close to Me by the Police is an example of?

1) the Drifters 2) this is music intended as art 3) new wave

1) The reggae genre is integrally linked with? 2) Rastafarianism was founded by? 3) Before leaving Jamaica for the United States in 1916, Garvey wrote?

1) the Rastafarian religion 2) Josiah Marcus Garvey (1887-1940), a Jamaican writer and political leader who inspired a 'Back to Africa' repatriation movement along black Americans in the 1920s 3) 'Look to Africa for the crowning of a black king: he shall be the redeemer'- a phrase that was taken quite literally as prophecy by Garvey's followers

1) A venue that collected black music, not all of it mainstream, was? 2) Sometimes called? 3) Director Mel Stuart made a documentary of the concert titled?

1) the Wattstax concert in 1972 2) the 'black Woodstock', and was organized through the STAX record label for the benefit of communities damaged during the 1965 race riots in the Watts neighbourhood of Los Angeles, California 3) Wattstax: The Living Word that debuted the following year

1) Heavy metal and rap, along with new wave and punk, combined to create? 2) Like punk, heavy metal is a? 3) Also like punk, however, there are a number of?

1) the alternative music of the early 1990s 2) diverse genre with many sub-types (thrash, speed, black, white, death...etc.) 3) commonalities between artists

1) The geography of the typical, successful, urban gay night club reflects its use as? 2) There are also quieter areas supplied with? 3) Lyrics have always been fairly?

1) the arena for dressing up and looking athletically sexy: it includes a large dance floor with platforms, overlooked by a balcony to provide a range of levels for dancing as well as a choice of perspectives for viewing the dancers 2) dark corners or private booths and subdued lighting 3) simple in dance music

1) The loss of music sales between 1979 and 1982 is attributed by the industry to? 2) However, the recessions were also a factor: 3) There may be a demographic reason as well:

1) the burgeoning act of pirating albums with home taping 2) people who have no jobs or who are paying double-digit interest on their mortgages do not have money for music 3) the boomers were beginning to hit their 30s

1) The whole point of the song Thank You is? 2) Each instrument has its own? 3) Groove is important in the two songs?

1) the catchy, danceable 'groove' 2) rhythm within the groove 3) Thank You and Papa's Got a Brand New Bag, and they both have unmelodic, disjunct vocals accompanying the groove

1) Castro Street in San Francisco has long been? 2) Known as the 'Mayor of Castro Street', Harvey Milk was? 3) A populist, community-oriented politician, he enjoyed a broad base of support including?

1) the central hub of that city's vibrant gay community, much like Church Street in Toronto 2) the first openly gay person elected to the San Francisco board of supervisors 3) sexual and ethnic minorities, environmentalists, and labourers

1) In Do You Wanna Funk there is a call and response pattern from soul set up in? 2) There is an extensive use of? 3) The black pop of the 1970s paved the way for?

1) the chorus between the vocals and one of the synthesizers 2) synthesizers 3) the mainstreaming of rap and hip-hop and informed the punk music of the late 1970s and new wave of the 1980s

1) The documentary Wattstax: The Living Word weaves together? 2) Reggae and disco, two genres that had been largely underground through the early 1970s, join the? 3) Funk is a dance genre that has the following characteristics:

1) the concert acts, footage from Watts, and commentary by Comedian Richard Prior to create a witness to the experience of urban African-Americans during this era 2) mainstream in the mid 1970s 3) -usually distinct (angular, choppy) vocals with little melody -a complex 'groove' (a groove is a multi-layered collection of riffs and rhythms, played by different instruments, intended to be the support structure for vocals) -syncopated rhythms within the groove to add interest -a strong beat for dancing

1) The reaction against the hippie aesthetic by disco was echoed by? 2) The hippie aesthetic would remain in control of? 3) The music industry in the late 1970s was very similar to?

1) the concurrent punk movement 2) the mainstream through rock for the remainder of the decade 3) that in the early 1950s: a few big labels promoting only mainstream music

1) The second recession of the American economy was the result of? 2) The energy crisis was the result of? 3) Iranian oil production was?

1) the continuing high interest rates, monetary control measures by the US government to curb inflation, and very high oil prices brought on by the second energy crisis in 1979 2) the Iranian revolution in the same year, which overthrew the country's monarchy and installed a theocratic republic 3) disrupted, causing panic that forced oil prices to more than double their previous levels

1) In the late 1970s, genres that had been underground during the same period, like punk and new wave, made noise on? 2) The radio waves had also succumbed to? 3) However, a new format, Music Television (MTV), challenged?

1) the fringes and occasionally broke into the mainstream, but they either remained fringe, or evolved into a more mainstream style 2) the power of these labels and there was little else beyond Album-oriented Rock (AOR) available 3) the big label's domination over the traditional venues for music promotion

1) Lyrics such as in the song by Genius start to explain? 2) The 126 beat/minute minimum established by seventies disco queen Sylvester demands? 3) The fact that this was contemporary to the explosion of urban gay culture, gymnasiums, and cruising in the seventies is?

1) the gay influence on the tempo of dance music 2) greater energy and fitness from the dancers than any other dance trend in pop history 3) no coincidence

1) Some punk fashion anticipates? 2) However, the punk look ranged? 3) Symbols and slogans intended to shock often?

1) the grunge look of the 1990s: ill-fitting thrift-store clothes that don't match with the tears held together with safety pins 2) widely: studded leather, fishnet stockings, tartan pants, Mohawk hairstyles, spiked hairstyles, shaved heads, military boots, and vinyl were all part of punk fashion 3) appeared on clothing: from the Union Jack to the swastika

1) In Papa Was a Rolling Stone, the lead vocalist's rough, impassioned timbre shows? 2) Living for the City by Stevie Wonder is a blend of?3) The groove is?

1) the influence of soul 2) funk, pop, and progressive rock 3) less complex, and more like rock or pop

1) The music and culture of punk rock belonged to? 2) Punk first became popular in? 3) Britain had (and still has) a very active?

1) the lower, oppressed classes 2) Britain, rather than the US 3) class system left over from its feudal past

1) In Get Up, Stand Up, there is a political tone of? 2) The demand for equality is intentionally general: 3) Disco is a dance genre that derives from?

1) the lyrics: a call for equality and a reference to Haile Selassie 2) Haile Selassie, though himself an emperor, fought against both race and class hierarchies 3) psychedelia, funk, soul, and TSOP

1) In the first raid of Operation Hammer, victims claimed that? 2) Thousands of people were arrested from? 3) The vast majority of those arrested were?

1) the police did a great deal of unnecessary property damage and scrawled graffiti such as 'LAPD RULES' on apartment walls 2) 1988 to 1990 3) blacks and hispanics, leading many to believe that racial profiling was behind many of the arrests

1) The number of small labels grows over the decade as? 2) The big labels still want to sell albums, but not? 3) Every song on an album was?

1) the ponderous machinery of the big labels become less able to service the gaps left between the superstars 2) concept albums: they are too large and cumbersome 3) carefully produced

1) Simple lyrics in dance music encourages? 2) In any dance club, gay or straight, with so many other sights to occupy the mind, the songs need to be? 3) In a 1979 song by Genius, the lyrics read:

1) the quick assimilation of a melody so that everybody can quickly follow the patterns and sing along (if only mentally) 2) simple and catchy and above all, make you want to move 3) You got what I need, a body beautiful. You got what I need, homoflexible muscle"

1) In Papa was a Rolling Stone, the Motown-pop influence is evident in? 2) The lyrics of this song tell a story about? 3) The poignant narrative would have resonated with?

1) this song's more melodic vocals and narrative lyrics 2) a boy raised by a single mother in the city who wants to know about his ne'er-do-well father 3) many lower-class urbanites and shows a shift to more socially-conscious lyrics

1) In Search and Destroy, Iggy Pop speaks-sings? 2) I Wanna be Sedated by the Ramones is an example of? 3) There is a fast, heavy beat, and?

1) throughout the song 2) American punk 3) distorted guitar

1) Prior to MIDI, groups using synthesizers would need? 2) With MIDI, it is possible to have? 3) It was also possible for an artist to use a wider palette of?

1) to have several different ones on stage to access the full variety of sounds offered by each 2) several devices running through a single keyboard or pair of keyboards 3) sounds without being an electronics expert: MIDI made synthesizers more accessible

1) Smells Like Teen Spirit has a standard rock ensemble: 2) The ensemble is representative of? 3) The vocal timbre is?

1) two guitars, bass, drums, and vocalist 2) the 'back to basics' approach taken by many alternative groups 3) raspy and growled, somewhere between punk and heavy metal

1) The subject matter of One is? 2) The story is based on? 3) The finale contains?

1) very dark and hellish 2) a number of sources that were originally inspired by the 1939 novel titled Johnny Got His Gun by Dalton Trumbo 3) a virtuosic guitar solo, like those of the blues-rock bands of the 1970s

1) The night of the Stonewall Inn raid, the street erupted into? 2) The backlash and several nights of protest that followed have become known as? 3) The riots marked the rise of?

1) violent protests as the crowd in the bar fought back 2) 'The Stonewall Riots' 3) the gay liberation movement in the United States (many Pride Days today fall around the anniversary of the riots)

1) No part of the song I Wanna Be Sedated can be considered? 2) The song represents a? 3) It is music about?

1) virtuosic or artsy: there is no solo, the rhythms, lyrics, and the melody are all simple 2) 'back to basics' approach used by some punk groups: it has more in common with the rock and roll prior to 1967 and the release of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band 3) fun, not music about art

1) Dan White, a former police officer, was the only member of the San Francisco board to? 2) On the morning of Monday, November 27, 1978, White, incensed at not being reinstated to the seat he had just resigned, entered? 3) He went first to the office of the Mayor and?

1) vote against the gay civil rights ordinance 2) City Hall through a first floor window 3) shot him dead

1) Harvey Milk's colourful style and willingness to take on any issue that mattered to him, whether or not directly related to the gay community, made him? 2) After several attempts, he was elected? 3) By this time, Mayor George Moscone had become his?

1) well known throughout San Francisco and California 2) City Supervisor in 1976 and was instrumental in the passage of San Francisco's first gay civil rights ordinance 3) close political ally

Discuss the development of funk as it matures through the 1970s.

James Brown is considered the "godfather" of funk. His career began in the 50's and he was the most important Black pop star of the 60's with his groove-oriented soul. Sly and the Family Stone came into the spotlight in the late 60's and early 70's with a series of genre defining albums starting with "Dance to the Music". In Sly's wake artists including Ohio Players and Kool and the Gang continued to achieve crossover success. Due to funk's success, Motown began to reflect aspects of funk through artists such as The Temptations and Marvin Gaye. Finally, Stevie Wonder pulled Sly's funk groove together with Motown's new musical ambition and was granted full control over his records as a result. Stevie's harmonic and melodic sophistication connects funk with prog rockers like Yes or Genesis. This saw him achieve the greatest amount of crossover success experienced by a funk artist.