MUSC CH 12

What are two essential concepts that can help us understand music in the Classical style?

"natural", simplicity and pleasing variety

Which novel was written by Voltaire?

Candide

Which one of Bach's sons was an important pioneer of the Classical style?

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach

Which figure in European philosophy had a direct effect on the history of music?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The first European hall especially for public concerts was built in which city in 1748?

Oxford

The musical style known as the Classical style was developed by composers active in several major European cities, but especially those in

Vienna

Rousseau's criticisms of Baroque opera as artificial and overly complicated encouraged the development of

comic opera, which portrayed everyday people singing simpler music

What happened to harmony in the Classical period?

composers displayed greater sensitivity to harmony, specifying how it was to be spaced and distributed among the instruments of the orchestra

What is a crescendo?

dynamically, gradually growing louder

Which are important style features of Classical music?

flexibility and variety in rhythms and dynamics

Classical music tends to have what kind of texture?

homophonic

What happened to counterpoint in the Classical period?

it changed to a more delicate, unobtrusive form

What are characteristics of the Rococo style?

light and entertaining

Italian opera buffa told stories about

middle- and lower class people

Movements in Classical pieces tend to end with

multiple cadences

Classical music tends to have what kind of melodies?

singable melodies with clear phrases

What were the most important forms of the Classical period?

sonata form, minuet form, rondo form, and theme and variation form

What musical instrument family is the heart of the Classical orchestra?

strings

What eighteenth-century intellectual movement focused on using reason to solve problems of public morality, education, and politics?

the Enlightenment

What was the public forum for purely orchestral music in the eighteenth century?

the concert hall

What literary genre first captured the European imagination in the mid-eighteenth century?

the novel

Which one of these was not an invention of the eighteenth century?

the opera theater

In keeping with an age that valued intelligence, wit, and sensitivity, the eighteenth century was a time of social inventions, one of which was

the salon

What was seen as the main purpose of art in the eighteenth century?

to please and entertain

How did the Classical orchestra differ from the earlier Baroque orchestra?

woodwinds and brass were added and given more clearly defined roles, allowing greater flexibility in tone, color and dynamics