Muscles of Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb Origin, Insertion, and Action
*Action*: *Supraspinatus*
*Action* Abduction at the shoulder
*Action*: *Rhomboid major*
Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation
*Action*: *Rhomboid minor*
Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation
*Origin*: *Pectoralis minor*
Anterior and superior surfaces of ribs 3-5 (deep muscle of the anterior trunk)
*Insertion*: *Supinator*
Anterolateral surface of radius distal to the radial tuberosity
*Insertion*: *Pectoralis minor*
Coracoid process of scapula
*Action*: *Pectoralis minor*
Depresses and protracts shoulder; rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves inferiorly (downward rotation); elevates ribs if scapula is stationary
*Action*: *Levator scapula*
Elevates scapula
*Action*: *Triceps brachii* Lateral head
Extension at elbow
*Action*: *Triceps brachii* Medial head
Extension at elbow
*Action*: *Triceps brachii* Long head
Extension at elbow, *PLUS* extension and adduction at the shoulder
*Insertion*: *Infraspinatus*
Greater tubercle of humerus
*Insertion*: *Supraspinatus*
Greater tubercle of humerus
*Origin*: *Triceps brachii* Long head
Infaraglenoid tubercle of scapula (muscle on the posterior arm extends the elbow)
*Origin*: *Infraspinatus*
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
*Origin*: *Teres minor*
Lateral border of scapula (on the lateral border of the scapula)
*Origin*: *Supinator*
Lateral epicondyle of humerus, annular ligament, and ridge near radial notch of ulna (found on the lateral side of the forearm deep to the brachioradialis muscle; contracts and rotates the radius into a position parallel to the ulna, resulting of the forearm)
*Action*: *Infraspinatus*
Lateral rotation at shoulder
*Action*: *Teres minor*
Lateral rotation at shoulder
*Origin*: *Pronator teres*
Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna (muscle is a thin muscle inferior to the elbow and medial to the brachioradialis muscle, which it dives under to insert on the radius)
*Insertion*: *Pronator teres*
Midlateral surface of radius
*Insertion*: *Triceps brachii* Lateral head
Olecranon of ulna
*Insertion*: *Triceps brachii* Long head
Olecranon of ulna
*Insertion*: *Triceps brachii* Medial head
Olecranon of ulna
*Insertion*: *Teres minor*
Passes laterally to reach the greater tubercle of humerus
*Origin*: *Triceps brachii* Medial head
Posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove (muscle on the posterior arm extends the elbow)
*Action*: *Pronator teres*
Pronation
*Origin*: *Rhomboid major*
Spinous processes of superior thoracic vertebrae (locate deep to the trapezius)
*Origin*: *Rhomboid minor*
Spinous processes of vertebrae C2 - T1 (extend between the upper thoracic vertebrae and the scapula)
*Action*: *Triceps brachii* Lateral head
Superior lateral margin of humerus (muscle on the posterior arm extends the elbow)
*Action* *Supinator*
Supination
*Origin*: Supraspinatus*
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
*Triceps brachii*
There are 3 head to this muscle: *lateral, long, and medial*. The muscle arises from three heads, which merge into a common tendon that begins near the middle of the muscle and inserts on the olecranon process of the ulna.
*Origin*: *Levator scapula*
Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae (originates on cervical vertebrae 1 through 4 and inserts on the superior border of the scapula)
*Insertion*: *Rhomboid major*
Vertebral border of scapula from spine to inferior angle
*Insertion*: *Rhomboid minor*
Vertebral border of scapula near spine
*Insertion*: *Levator scapula*
Vertebral border of scapula near superior angle