Muscles of the ankle joint and foot

what are the muscles involved in dorsiflexion?

- Tibialis anterior - extensor digitorum longus - extensor hallucis longus

which muscles are in the deep layer of the posterior leg group responsible for plantar flexion? and what are their attachment sites?

- Tibialis posterior - Flexor hallucis longus = extends from tibia to big toe - Flexor digitorum longus = extends from tibia and interosseous membrane, splits into 4 tendons which go into the plantar surface of the toes

what are the muscles involved in plantarflexion?

- gastrocnemius - soleus - flexor digitorium longus - flexor hallucis longus - tibialis posterior

which muscles are in the superficial layer of the posterior leg group responsible for plantar flexion? and what are their attachment sites?

- gastrocnemius = attached from the 2 condyles of the femur - soleus = more of a stance muscle, not really responsible for movement

what are the muscles responsible for foot eversion?

- muscles in the lateral side - Fibularis longus = more superficial, extends to the first metatarsal - Fibularis brevis = ends up at the 5th metatarsal

what are the muscles responsible for foot inversion?

- muscles on the medial side - tibialis posterior and anterior

what is the flexor retinaculum?

tendon that holds the flexor digitorum longus muscles in place when they cross over the medial side of the ankle