Musculoskeletal imaging, breast, and superficial structures

Which of the following at the site of a foreign body may produce bright echoes and therefore cause some ambiguity about the correct orientation of the object?

Air

Superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except:

Anechoic to the surrounding tissue

Clinical findings of tendinitis include all of the following execpt:

Itching in the area of the tendon

A patient presents with a palpable, oozing mass at the level of the natal cleft. What is the most likely etiology of this mass?

Pilonidal

Tendons sonographically appear as

echogenic, fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone

A partial tear of a tendon typically appears as:

focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon

What is the most likely cause hip of a hip joint effusion in infants?

Transient synovitis

All of the following are true of ganglion cysts except:

A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist, between the tarsals.

Bullets, sharpness, and other metallic objects may cause:

Comet-tail artifact

Which of the following is also referred to as a bible bump?

Ganglion cyst

Which of the following techniques is used to measure the relationship of the femoral head and acetabulum by evaluating the alpha and beta angles?

Graf

The Achilles' tendon connects the:

Heel to the calf muscle

Which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of blood vessels

Hemangioma

Which of the following transducers would be best suited to sonographically assess for splinter to patients hand?

High-frequency linear array transducer

Which of the following best describes the most common sonographic appearance of gynecomastia?

Hypoechoic , retroareolar mass

Sonographically, normal muscle appears as:

Hypoechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands

Hyperemic flow within or around a structure is often indicative of:

Inflammation

In what position should the patient placed to better evaluate the Achilles' tendon?

Prone

Inflammation of the breast that is related to pregnancy is referred to as :

Puerperal mastitis

Acoustic shadowing caused by bending of a sound beam at the edge of a curved reflector is referred to as:

Refractive shadowing

A patient presents to The sonography department with a history of cellulitis on his abdomen. The patient has fever, edema, and complains of focal tenderness in a specific region affected by the cellulitis. Sonographically, you identify a localized complex collection of fluid. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Superficial abscess

Fluid within the synovial sheath is indicative of:

Tendosynovitis

Which of the following best describes the Thompson test?

The calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles' tendon.

Inflammation and infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is termed:

cellulitis

A common mass found along the dorsal aspect of the hand and wrist is the:

ganglion cyst

A standoff pad is most useful imaging

superficial structures

Inflammation of the tendon and synovial tendon sheath is referred to as

tendosynovitis

The accumulation of synovial fluid from a weakening in the joint capsule of the knee, as seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can result in a:

Baker cyst

A cystic mass located within the popliteal fossa is most likely a:

Bakers cyst

Which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of fat ?

Lipoma

A complicated Baker cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as:

Pannus

Clinical findings of a bakers cyst may mimic those of a(n):

Deep venous thrombosis

All of the following are keys to identifying foreign bodies with sonography except:

Most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic

What test can be performed to determine a torn Achilles' tendon?

Thompson test

A 6 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for a hip sonogram with irritability, unwillingness to walk, and low-grade fever. Sonographically, you visualize a hypoechoic food collection that elevates the joint capsule. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Joint effusion

Which of the following is a clinical test for development hip dysplasia that is used to evaluate the hip for the reduction or relocation of a dislocated hip?

Ortolani

Subluxation denotes:

Partial hip disclocation

All of the following will aid in the sonographic assessment of an Achilles' tendon except:

The patient is scanned standing, with a small amount of pressure placed on the symptomatic side.

Which of the following best describes the Thompson test?

The patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed

Which of the following is true about patients with a lipoma?

They feel no pain in the area of the mass.