MUSIC 351: Music Of Motown Part 2

"Super Freak" by

Rick James

Berry Gordy's assistant who became head of Motown Productions in 1989.

Suzanne de Passe

Electronic instrument that produces sounds.

Synthesizer

T or F: *Jackson 5 -father encouraged them to perform and saw it as a career -first recordings were not from Motown Label -Diana Ross discovered the Jackson 5

T

T or F: *all of three songs by Stevie Wonder (artist that was with the company the longest) used TONTO (he made 4 albums )

T

_____ is the acronym for a collection of synthesizers used by Stevie Wonder to record four albums in the early 1970s. A. NASA B. TONTO C. LMFAO D. STEVIE

TONTO

A segment of magnetic tape that when played back creates cyclic patterns of prerecorded sounds.

Tape loop

"Brick House" by

The Commodores

"Brick House" is a song by: A. Stevie Wonder B. The Commodores C. The Temptations D. Rick James

The Commodores

T or F: After moving Motown to Los Angeles, Berry Gordy was focused on making films and television shows.

True

T or F: Malcom Cecil and Robert Margouleff co-produced Stevie Wonder's albums Innervisions and Talking Book.

True

T or F: Norman Whitfield often "recycled" songs, having more than one artist record the same songs.

True

T or F: Psychedelic means mind-manifesting.

True

T or F: The Funk Brothers were credited for the first time on What's Going On.

True

T or F: The album What's Going On is unified musically and lyrically.

True

The name of Stax Records is a conjunction of the two owners' names.

True

Which label did Sam and Dave record for? a.Motown b. Chess c. Stax d. Atlantic

c. Stax

How are Gladys Knight and the Pips related? a. They are not related. b. The Pips are Gladys Knight's cousins. c. The Pips are Gladys Knight's brothers. d. The Pips are Gladys Knight's brother and cousins.

d. The Pips are Gladys Knight's brother and cousins.

What do the following groups have in common? - The Five Stairsteps - The Osmonds - The Jackson 5 - Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers a.They were all Motown artists. b. They were all teen/pre-teen groups. c. They were all family groups. d. They were all teen/pre-teen family groups.

d. They were all teen/pre-teen groups.

Which if the following songs inspired Sam Cooke to write "A Change is Gonna Come?"

"Blowin' In The Wind"

"Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler)" by

Marvin Gaye

"Let's get it on" by

Marvin Gaye

"Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)" by

Marvin Gaye

"What's going on" by

Marvin Gaye

Played the sitar and worked with George Harrison of The Beatles.

Ravi Shankar

David Van de Pitte's function on the recording of What's Going On was? a. arranger b. drummer c. engineer d. singer

Arranger

Recording technique based on tape delay that achieves the effect of multi-tracking on a single track.

Automatic double tracking (ADT)

Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs, hippies, Bob Dylan, LSD, Ravi Shankar, The Beatles.

Beat Generation

"War" by

Edwin Starr

British band that took influence from Motown. Started writing more introspective music influence by Bob Dylan.

Beatles

A 1970s film genre which featured stereotypical images of black urban life.

Blaxploitation

- Written by Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong. - Already established stage act with extensive performance experience. - Previously recorded with The Miracles and Marvin Gaye but had been voted down. *Gladys Knight and the Pips (the pips were here brother and cousing; Gladys won a singing competition at 7 years old; ) -Marvin Gaye's version was recorded first but was never released > Norman Whitfield asked Gordy to record this song with another song > after this song was released by Gladys, Marvin Gaye released the same song - only 2 "I heard it through the grapevine" songs was released

"I Heard it Through the Grapevine" (1967)

*Written by: Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong *sung by The Undisputed Truth -group that Norman Whitfield found -2 woman and a man -sang back up vocals for "War" -"Papa was a Rollin Stone" was supposed to sung by the Undisputed Truth

"Smiling Faces Sometimes"

"I Heard it Through the Grapevine"

*Gladys Knight and the Pips *Marvin Gaye

Pippin: A. A musical co-produced by Motown B. An instrument invented by Stevie Wonder C. An all-girl Motown group D. Berry Gordy's nickname

A musical co-produced by Motown

Genre of pop music with an upbeat sound contrived and marketed to appeal to pre-teens and teenagers, produced in an assembly-line process, driven by producers, often using unknown singers. (Example: The Archies, "Sugar, Sugar")

Bubblegum pop

Started by Phil Leonard, and Marshal Chess who had opened a liquor store/lounge in Chicago and ended up buying the Aristocrat label.

Chess Records

Which of the following styles is NOT an element of funk? a. jazz b. classical c. soul d. R&B

Classical

A body of music unified by lyrics and/or sound of the songs on the album.

Concept album

A subculture whose values and norms of behavior deviate from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream culture.

Counterculture

"Love Child" by

Diana Ross and the Supremes

- Written by R. Dean Taylor, Frank Wilson, Pam Sawyer, Deke Richards. - Florence Ballard replaced, group re-named Diana Ross and the Supremes. - Holland-Dozier-Holland left Motown. - Gordy put together song-writing/producing team, The Clan- R. Dean Taylor, Frank Wilson, Pam Sawyer, Deke Richards, Henry Crosby, and himself- to write/produce for The Supremes. - The Andantes sang backing vocals because Cindy Birdsong and Mary Wilson were out of town. - Became Supremes' eleventh number one hit and knocked The Beatles' "Hey Jude" off top of Billboard 100. *sung by Diana Ross and the Supremes - one of the few songs that weighed it into social commentary -first song released after Holland Dozier Holland left Motown

Diana Ross and the Supremes, "Love Child" (1968)

A genre of dance music popular in the 1970s; the name is derived from "discotheque" the main venue for the consumption of music.

Disco

The severe modification of timbre, usually by electronic means.

Distortion

A sustained note or chord that underlies an entire work is called: a. A mellotron b. Distortion c. A drone d. Stereo

Drone

Sustained note or chord that underlies an entire work.

Drone

- Written by Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong. - Anti-Vietnam War song recorded by Temptations, on album Psychedelic Shack. But Berry did not want to damage Temptations' image by blatant political statement. - Starr became Motown artist when Berry Gordy bought Ric-Tic Records in 1968. - Reminiscent of James Brown. - Backing vocals by The Undisputed Truth. - Hit number one on pop chart and became Starr's signature song. *sung by Edwin Starr - The Temptations recorded this first (but Berry Gordy did not allow this song to be a single because he doesn't want them to be in) -it was about the Vietnam war -written and produced by Norman Whitfield (famous for recycling song) -Undisputed Truth were backing vocals -stylistic voice of Edwin Starr is more rough compared to James Brown or other motown singers

Edwin Starr, "War" (1970)

Which of the following was NOT an immediate concern of the counterculture movement? a. the Vietnam War b. civil rights c. employment d. women's rights

Employment

According to Norman Whitfield and The Temptations, "Cloud Nine" is about drugs.

False

Bubblegum Pop is music about candy.

False

Like Motown, Chess Records was a black-owned business.

False

Norman Whitfield embraced the psychedelic sound of such groups as Sly and the Family Stone right away.

False

T or F: A characteristic of funk is an emphasis on melody.

False

T or F: Berry Gordy loved the single "What's Going On" and released it right away.

False

T or F: Guitarist Jeff Beck recorded "Superstition" before Stevie Wonder.

False

T or F: Marvin Gaye had a lot of material ready to be recorded for a full album after the song "What's Going On" came out.

False

The Gladys Knight and the Pips version of "I Heard it Through the Grapevine" was recorded first.

False

The first recordings the Jackson 5 released were on the Motown label.

False

The mellotron is a string instrument.

False

A short musical passage, riff, or rhythmic sound which helps to sustain the listener's attention during a break between the phrases of a melody.

Fill

A genre of music that became popular in the 1970s; the music blends soul, jazz, and R&B elements featuring strong rhythmic structures and de-emphasizing melody and harmony.

Funk

Effects device that distorts the timbre of the amplified instrument in such a way that results in a buzzing sound.

Fuzztone

Which of the Beatles studied with Ravi Shankar? a. John Lennon b. Paul McCartney c. Ringo Starr d. George Harrison

George Harrison

Individuals that took interest in rock/folk music, drugs, sexual liberation, anti-war, pro-civil war, and women rights.

Hippies

"ABC"

Jackson 5

"I want you back"

Jackson 5

Which group sings backing vocals on the song "You Haven't Done Nothing"? A. The Temptations B. The Four Tops C. Jackson 5 D. The Pips

Jackson 5

- Written by The Corporation. - Second single after "I Want You Back" - Performed on American Bandstand in 1970 - Knocked The Beatles' "Let It Be" from the number one spot on Billboard Hot 100 in addition to number one on soul charts. *sung by Jackson 5

Jackson 5, "ABC" (1970)

- Written by The Corporation. - Berry Gordy moved Motown to LA and relocated Jackson 5. - Introduced to Diana Ross and made story that she discovered them. - Hit number one on Billboard Hot 100, the first of four of their hits in a row to do so. *Sung by Jackson 5 -first song they recorded with Motown Label -bubblegum soul - song intended for Gladys Knight and the Pips

Jackson 5, "I Want You Back" (1969)

Drug developed by Albert Hofmann for psychiatric patients.

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

Worked with the TONTO and helped release four albums of Stevie Wonder's.

Malcom Cecil

- Written by Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong. - Recorded before the Gladys Knight and the Pips version but released later. - Became the artist's first pop number one and Motown's biggest selling record to date. - Instrumental by Funk Brothers and backing vocals by The Andantes. *Sung by Marvin Gaye

Marvin Gaye, "I Heard it Through the Grapevine" (1968)

- Written by Marvin Gaye and James Nyx. - Last track of album, "Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler)", third and last song from What's Going On released as a single. - Lyrics depict frustration felt by living in inner city and social/economic hardship in early 1970s. - Last section of song is reprise of opening track of album "What's Going On" reinforcing idea of unity of entire album. - Marks first time Funk Brothers are credited by name on Motown recording. *sung by Marvin Gaye

Marvin Gaye, "Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler)" (1971)

- Written by Marvin Gaye and Ed Townsend - Originally conceived as religious song - Fell in love with jazz guitarist, Slim Gaillard's young daughter, Janis Hunter *sung by Marvin Gaye -Marvin Gaye was a session drummer at first in Motown; He thought he was going to be signed by the Detroit Lions football team (father did not allow him to do sports as a kid); he was getting better from drug abuse at Belgium -spiritual theme

Marvin Gaye, "Let's Get it On" (1973)

- Written and sung by Marvin Gaye. - Due to success of "What's Going On?", Motown wanted to release an album's worth of songs. - Wrote songs about Vietnam and social situations in the US. - Song is expression of sorrow over state of Earth's environment. - Second single released from album. - Hit number four on pop chart and number one on R&B chart. - Gaye uses multi-tracking vocals and plays piano. - "Wild" Bill Moore on sax and Bob Babbitt on bass.

Marvin Gaye, "Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)" (1971)

- Written by Renaldo "Obie" Benson, Al Cleveland, and Marvin Gaye. - Wanted to try out for Detroit Lions football team, started producing music. - Obie Benson came to him with song (originally for Four Tops) and persuaded Gaye to sing it although Gaye wanted The Originals to record it. - Recorded in Hitsville studios. - Instrumentals by Funk Brothers, members of Detroit Symphony. - Backing vocals by Gayes' friends- two members of Detroit Lions, Lem Barney and Mel Farr. - Two separate tracks played at same time which inspired Gaye to use the multi-tracking vocal technique in subsequent work. - Berry hated song until it sold 100,000 copies on first day. *sung by Marvin Gaye -it was a single by itself before it became an album - Benson (part of Fourtops) wrote this - Berry Gordy did not want to release this song > but it got released > Marvin Gaye's song was a hit and they made an album (multi-tracking vocal technique; Funk brothers were credited by name in the album) -Marvin Gaye wrote and produced the majority of the album - talks about what is going on in the world - it is a concept album (there is a narrative theme between all of the songs)

Marvin Gaye, "What's Going On?" (1971)

Electronic keyboard instrument featuring prerecorded sounds.

Mellotron

The compositional manipulation and arrangement of pre-recorded sounds from everyday life.

Musique concrète

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of psychedelic rock? a. exotic instrumentation b. orchestral accompaniment c. surreal and literary-inspired lyrics d. electric guitars, often used with feedback, wah-wah and fuzzboxes

Orchestral Accompaniment

Which of the following artists was NOT associated with Chess Records? a. Howlin' Wolf b. Willie Dixon c. Otis Redding d. Muddy Waters

Otis Redding

- Written by Rick James and Alonzo Miller - Backing vocals by The Temptations - Sampled by MC Hammer's "U Can't Touch This" and sued him - Case was settled outside of court when Hammer agreed to credit James as co-composer *sung by Rick James -member of the Mynah birds -stylistically = Funk style

Rick James, "Super Freak" (1981)

Worked with the TONTO and helped release four albums of Stevie Wonder's.

Robert Margouleff

Invented the synthesizer.

Robert Moog

Plucked string instrument of Indian classical music—it is similar to a guitar, but has a longer neck, many resonating strings, moveable frets, and a distinctive bright timbre.

Sitar

The instrument that Ravi Shankar plays is a. guitar b.sitar c.flute d.keyboard

Sitar

Which of the following people was NOT a member of the Corporation? a. Freddie Perren b. Deke Richards c. Smokey Robinson d. Berry Gordy

Smokey Robinson

Started by Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton and sold to Al Bell.

Stax Records

"Living for the City" by

Stevie Wonder

"Superstition" by

Stevie Wonder

Which of the following artists stayed the longest with the Motown label? A. Diana Ross B. Stevie Wonder C. Jackson 5 D. Marvin Gaye

Stevie Wonder

You Haven't Done Nothin" by

Stevie Wonder

- Written and sung by Stevie Wonder. - From album, Innervisions, third album Wonder worked on with Malcom Cecil/Robert Margouleff tells story of man from south who travels to NY in hopes of better life. - Uses TONTO to create atmosphere of tension. - Cecil tells story of irritating Wonder to get him to growl final verses of song. - Spoken interlude edited out for single version due to overall length/racial epithet. - Lines improvised by real police officers, Wonder's brother, Calvin, played naive man.

Stevie Wonder, "Living for the City" (1973)

- Written by Stevie Wonder. - Turned 21 in May 1971, wanting independence, went to NY. - Met Malcom Cecil and Robert Margouleff, who utilized a collection of synthesizers (TONTO). - After several offers, re-signed with Motown with highest paid contract than any artist at Motown. - Lead single from Talking Book- second album after Music of My Mind. -Jeff Beck was going to record this song but Berry Gordy said Stevie Wonder should record it

Stevie Wonder, "Superstition" (1972)

- Written and sung by Stevie Wonder. - Released as single in 1974. - Lyrics aimed at President Richard Nixon, who resigned from office same year. - Last collaboration with Malcom Cecil/Robert Margouleff. - Jackson 5 were the backing vocalists

Stevie Wonder, "You Haven't Done Nothin" (1974)

- Written and sung by The Commodores (Lionel Richie at Tuskegee Institute and picked their name by a dictionary; discovered by Suzanne Dupass; they were the opening act to the Jackson 5) - Lionel Richie was a member, originally called The Mystics- chose name blindfolded with a dictionary - Discovered by VP Suzanne de Passe - Opened for Jackson 5 - it is about a woman's body -empahsize of rhythmic strucuture -de-emphasis on melodic and harmonic structure

The Commodores, "Brick House" (1977)

Which group (whose member wrote "What's Going On") did NOT want to record it? a. The Temptations b. The Supremes c. The Miracles d. The Four Tops

The Four Tops

What does TONTO stand for? - synthesizer components -made all synthesizer components blend together -Malcolm Cecil and Robert Margouleff created this -Stevie Wonder went to Cecil and Robert for his 4 albulms

The Original New Timbral Orchestra

Which group did Marvin Gaye produce before he produced his own album? a. The Miracles b. The Supremes c. The Originals d. The Temptations

The Originals

"Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today)" by

The Temptations

"Cloud Nine" by

The Temptations

"Papa Was a Rollin' Stone" by

The Temptations

Which group recorded "War" before Edwin Starr? a. The Four Tops b. The Temptations c. The Supremes d. The Jackson 5

The Temptations

- Written by Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong. - Lyrics of social problems facing the world in 1970 (Vietnam War, segregation, politics, economy, and pop culture). - Uncredited harmonica solo by Ted Lucas but often attributed to Stevie Wonder. *sung by the Temptations

The Temptations, "Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today)" (1970)

- Written by Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong. - Many firsts: first song featuring new lead singer, Dennis Edwards; Norman Whitfield's first foray into psychedelic soul sound; Motown's first Grammy-winning single. - Cuban percussionist, Mongo Santamaria appears on conga drums. - Lyrics straying from love and portray struggles of living in poverty. Deny song is about drugs. - Won Grammy award for best rhythm and blues group performance and marks beginning of Whitfield/Temptations psychedelic collaboration of the following two years. *sung by the Temptations - wah- wah - psychedelic (mind) -produced by Norman Whitfield (reason for producing psychedelic music is because of sly and family stone)

The Temptations, "Cloud Nine" (1968)

- Written by Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong. - Originally written for The Undisputed Truth who had moderate success in early 1972. - From the album "All Directions". - Single marked a significant departure from the previous formula of three minute pop song. - Performed using single chord. - Otis William's father inspired song. - Fourth and last number one hit and reached number five on the R&B chart, selling more than two million copies, the most ever by The Temptations. *sung by The Temptations

The Temptations, "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone" (1972)

Which conflict was raging when the song "War" came out? a. The Korean War b. The Iraq War c. The Vietnam War d. World War II

The Vietnam War

Effects device that modifies the special glide of the input, which mimics the sound of a human voice or the "plunger mute" of a jazz trumpet.

Wah-wah

Which if the following songs inspired Sam Cooke to write "A Change is Gonna Come?" a. "Blowin' in the Wind" b. "This Land is Your Land" c. "War" d. "Cloud Nine"

a