Music Appreciation Final (ch. 30-35)

Rubato

"robbed time," in which certain liberties are taken with the rhythm without upsetting the basic beat that Chopin's music called for

Chopin's output includes

Etudes (highly virtuosic study pieces), meditative nocturnes, preludes, and dances, as well as sonatas and concertos for piano

Frederic Chopin (Romantic Era)

He dedicated his entire compositional output to the piano; he is said to have originated the modern piano style

Stephen Foster (Romantic Era)

He was successful in creating minstrel and parlor songs (including Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair) during his lifetime and they remain successful today.

Bedrich Smetana (Romantic Era)

He wrote about his Bohemian homeland in a set of six symphonic poems entitled My Country; the most famous of these is The Moldau.

Franz Schubert (Romantic Era)

He wrote more than six hundred Lieder and two masterful song cycles.

Women

Since they were discouraged from composing music by social convention, they played an essential role as patrons, sponsors, and teachers, as well as coordinating musical activity in the home.

love and nature

The poetry of the Lied projects what kinds of themes?

Strophic, Through-Composed, Modified Strophic

Typical Romantic song structures included these types of forms.

Technical improvements to the 19th century piano

What led to the development of the modern concert grand piano?

Political unrest throughout Europe

What stimulated schools of nationalistic composers in Russia, Scandinavia, Spain, England, and Bohemia?

Lied (plural: Lieder)

a German-texted solo song, generally with piano accompaniment; was a favored Romantic genre

Hector Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique (Romantic Era)

a five-movement program symphony unified by a recurring theme that represents the composer's beloved.

Song cycles

a narrative thread or descriptive theme that unified groups of Lieder

Elfking (Erlkonig)

a through-composed Lied based on a German legend related in a dramatic poem by Goethe, and is one his most famous songs.

Thematic Transformation

a unifying of five diverse movements, though its appearances are varied in harmony, rhythm, meter, tempo, dynamics, register, and instrumental color. It serves the huge, expansive form of Berlioz's symphony

"Popular" music

commercially successful music created by 19th century songwriters in the US which involved combining elements of European art song and opera with other traditions

Absolute Music

genre of music that consists of musical patterns that are designed without intended literary or pictorial meanings, like Beethoven's Fifth Symphony.

Program Music

genre of music that many Romantic composers cultivated over absolute music, which consisted of instrumental music with literary or pictorial associations. It is supplied by the composer.

Art song

product of the Romantic era

Incidental Music

prominent type of Romantic program music that usually consists of an overture and a series of pieces performed between the acts of a play and during important scenes.

Concert Overture

prominent type of Romantic program music which is a single-movement concert piece for orchestra that might evoke a land or seascape, or embody a patriotic or literary idea.

Symphonic Poem (also called a tone poem)

prominent type of Romantic program music which is the 19th century's most original contribution to large forms. It is program music for orchestra in one movement, with contrasting sections that develop a poetic idea, suggest a scene, or create a mood.

Minstrel shows

racially charged theatrical variety shows

Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel (Romantic Era)

sister and important sponsor of Felix Mendelssohn and a talented pianist and composer; known today for her Lieder and piano music, including the autobiographical cycle "The Year (Das Jahr)"

Strophic form

song form in which the same melody is repeated with every stanza of the poem; hymns, carols, and folk songs are examples.

Modified Strophic form

song form that combines features of strophic and through-composed form. The same melody may be repeated for 2 or 3 stanzas, with new material introduced when the poem requires it.

Through-Composed form

song form which proceeds from beginning to end without repetitions of whole sections; follows the story line, changing according to text.