MUSICOL 121: Chapter 17 - Who were the romantics?
The composer most responsible for elevating music to a new level of respect during the Romantic era was
Ludwig van Beethoven.
Which describes Romantic composers' view of form and harmony?
Romantic composers did not allow form or genre to restrain spontaneous creativity.
Miniatures were given all of the following types of titles EXCEPT
formal titles such as sonata or rondo.
Compared to the Classical orchestra, the typical Romantic orchestra was
larger and blended tone colors in new ways.
Which musical genres became established on the concert stage by the end of the nineteenth century?
lieder and string quartets
"Erlkönig" is a
miniature, a song.
Compared to earlier compositions, Romantic grandiose compositions had
more movements and increased performing forces.
In the nineteenth century, which of the arts was believed to be the most capable of expressing inner experience and emotion?
music
How many different characters do you hear in "Erlkönig"?
three, plus the narrator and a horse
Who composed "Erlkönig"?
Franz Schubert
Lied
German art-song. A vocal piece that sets a German poem to music and is performed by a singer and a pianist. Singer and pianist have equally important roles in the piece. Franz Schubert is generally credited with the invention of the genre.
Who provided the Romantics with the ideal of the individual and is considered the philosophical father of the French Revolution? Group of answer choices
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
In which stylistic period was chromaticism used the most?
Romantic
Virginia Woolf, Orlando: A Biography (1928)
Woolf describes the "chill" that shaped nineteenth-century life and sensibility in the beginning of Chapter 5.
a song cycle
a collection of several songs united by a common textual theme or literary idea
Ostinato
a motif, phrase or theme repeated over and over again (e.g. the repeated chords that begin Erlkönig).Triplet: A group of three notes played in the time normally taken by two.
Which describes the highest goal of music in the nineteenth century? Group of answer choices
a search for freedom of individual emotional expression
through-composed
a song with new music for each stanza of the poem
Ballad
A poem in narrative form. Ballads are generally long strophic poems that tell a story, written in rhymed stanzas. Romantic poets thought of it as the genre that synthesized the three modes of poetry: the narrative, the lyrical and the dramatic.Ballads were a form of popular poetry during the Eighteenth-century and were considered to be naïve and folksy in tone and style. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was among the first intellectuals to cultivate the form. He did so for political and aesthetic reasons. Goethe was interested in German popular culture and his adoption of the ballad coincided with a rejection of classical (elitist) culture. Indeed, Goethe taught himself to write in a direct, simple, and folksy tone by writing ballads. He hoped to reform German poetry so that it could reflect the spirit of the German people and it could speak to this people. "Erlkönig" is a ballad by Goethe.
Character Piece
A short Romantic piano piece that portrays a particular mood
strophic
A song that repeats the same music over and over for all its stanzas
The Romantic movement in literature first arose in
England and Germany.
The composer who started a magazine to defend the music of the Romantics against public indifference was
Robert Schumann.
When and where did the Romantic movement begin, and in which area of the arts?
The Romantic movement began in the 19th century in areas of Germany and England. It originated in literature before it was picked up by music.
Franz Schubert (1797-1828)
The earliest and (for most musicians) greatest master of the lied is Franz Schubert. He wrote close to seven hundred songs in his short lifetime. In his eighteenth year, 1815, he averaged better than a song every two days. Many of these are quite short tunes with simple piano accompaniments, but Schubert's tunes are like nobody else's; he was a wonderfully spontaneous melodist. Later in life his melodies became richer but no less beautiful, and taken together with their poems, the songs often show remarkable psychological penetration. - Erlkönig
Because of the piano accompaniment, it can be said that the mood of "Erlkönig" is
agitated.
Romantic treatment of tone color included
combining and blending different instrumental tone colors in innovative ways.
The important new member of the Romantic orchestra was the
conductor.
The performing forces in "Erlkönig" consist of
one soloist and piano.
Music without singing but derived from a poem, story, or other literary source is called
program music.
The musical term applied to flexibility in rhythm is
rubato.
The quality most prized by Romantic artists was
the integrity of the expression of individual feeling.
What does the piano introduction of "Erlkönig" bring to mind?
the pounding of a horse's hooves
The term Romantic was
used by writers of literature in the nineteenth century and adopted by musicians.
What is chromaticism?
using all twelve notes of the scale liberally
Miniatures were usually written for
voice and piano, or piano alone.
Thematic unity occurs
when a composer uses the same themes in all the movements of a work.