My GRE words 12

Liberal a. : marked by generosity : openhanded <a liberal giver> b. : given or provided in a generous and openhanded way <a liberal meal> c. : ample, full 3. obsolete : lacking moral restraint : licentious 4. : not literal or strict : loose <a liberal translation> char·i·ta·ble \ˈcher-ə-tə-bəl, ˈcha-rə-\ adjective Date: 14th century 1. : full of love for and goodwill toward others : benevolent 2. a. : liberal in benefactions to the needy : generous b. : of or relating to charity <charitable institutions> 3. : merciful or kind in judging others : lenient • char·i·ta·ble·ness noun • char·i·ta·bly \-blē\ adverb

3. obsolete : lacking moral restraint : licentious 4. : not literal or strict : loose <a liberal translation> 5. : broad-minded; especially : not bound by authoritarianism, orthodoxy, or traditional forms 6. a. : of, favoring, or based upon the principles of liberalism b. capitalized : of or constituting a political party advocating or associated with the principles of political liberalism; especially : of or constituting a political party in the United Kingdom associated with ideals of individual especially economic freedom, greater individual participation in government, and constitutional, political, and administrative reforms designed to secure these objectives • lib·er·al·ly \-b(ə-)rə-lē\ adverb • lib·er·al·ness noun Synonyms: liberal, generous, bountiful, munificent mean giving or given freely and unstintingly. liberal suggests openhandedness in the giver and largeness in the thing or amount given <a teacher liberal with her praise> generous stresses warmhearted readiness to give more than size or importance of the gift <a generous offer of help> bountiful suggests lavish, unremitting giving or providing <children spoiled by bountiful presents> munificent suggests a scale of giving appropriate to lords or princes <a munificent foundation grant>

compendium n. 1580s, from Latin compendium "a shortening, saving," literally "that which is weighed together," from compendere "to weigh together," from com- "together" (see com-) + pendere "to weigh" (see pendant). Borrowed earlier as compendi (mid-15c.). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion com·pen·di·um \kəm-ˈpen-dē-əm\ noun (plural -di·ums or com·pen·dia \-dē-ə\) Etymology: Medieval Latin, from Latin, saving, shortcut, from compendere to weigh together, from com- + pendere to weigh — more at pendant Date: 1589 1. : a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge : abstract 2. a. : a list of a number of items

ANTHER=FLOWER anthology n. 1630s, "collection of poetry," from Latin anthologia, from Greek anthologia "collection of small poems and epigrams by several authors," literally "flower-gathering," from anthos "a flower" (see anther) + logia "collection, collecting," from legein "gather" (see lecture, n.). Modern sense (which emerged in Late Greek) is metaphoric, "flowers" of verse, small poems by various writers gathered together.

ful·some \ˈfu̇l-səm\ adjective Etymology: Middle English fulsom copious, cloying, from full + -som -some Date: 13th century 1. a. : characterized by abundance : copious <describes in fulsome detail — G. N. Shuster> <fulsome bird life. The feeder overcrowded — Maxine Kumin> b. : generous in amount, extent, or spirit <the passengers were fulsome in praise of the plane's crew — Don Oliver> <a fulsome victory for the far left — Bruce Rothwell> <the greetings have been fulsome, the farewells tender — Simon Gray> c. : being full and well developed <she was in generally fulsome, limpid voice — Thor Eckert, Jr.> 2. : aesthetically, morally, or generally offensive <fulsome lies and nauseous flattery — William Congreve> <the devil take thee for a...fulsome rogue — George Villiers> 3. : exceeding the bounds of good taste : overdone <the fulsome chromium glitter of the escalators dominating the central hall — Lewis Mumford> 4. : excessively complimentary or flattering : effusive <an admiration whose extent I did not express, lest I be thought fulsome — A. J. Liebling> • ful·some·ly adverb • ful·some·ness noun Usage: The senses shown above are the chief living senses of fulsome. Sense 2, which was a generalized term of disparagement in the late 17th century, is the least common of these. Fulsome became a point of dispute when sense 1, thought to be obsolete in the 19th century, began to be revived in the 20th. The dispute was exacerbated by the fact that the large dictionaries of the first half of the century missed the beginnings of the revival. Sense 1 has not only been revived but has spread in its application and continues to do so. The chief danger for the user of fulsome is ambiguity. Unless the context is made very clear, the reader or hearer cannot be sure whether such an expression as "fulsome praise" is meant in sense 1b or in sense 4.

Although the earliest use of fulsome (first recorded in the 13th century) was 'abundant', this meaning in modern use is held by some people to be incorrect. Although the correct meaning today is 'excessively complimentary or flattering', the word is still often used to mean simply 'abundant', especially in uses such as the critics have been fulsome in their praise of Ribeiro's wearable style, where the speaker often merely means that the praise is abundant rather than excessively flattering

muddle (v.) Look up muddle at Dictionary.com 1590s, "destroy the clarity of" (a transferred sense); literal sense ("to bathe in mud") is from c. 1600; perhaps frequentative formation from mud, or from Dutch moddelen "to make (water) muddy," from the same Proto-Germanic source. Sense of "to make muddy" is from 1670s; that of "make confused" first recorded 1680s. Meaning "to bungle" is from 1885. Related: Muddled; muddling.

BATH IN MUD, DESTROY THE CLARITY OF, BUNGLE

cap·tious \ˈkap-shəs\ adjective Etymology: Middle English capcious, from Middle French or Latin; Middle French captieux, from Latin captiosus, from captio deception, verbal quibble, from capere to take — more at heave Date: 14th century 1. : marked by an often ill-natured inclination to stress faults and raise objections <captious critics> 2. : calculated to confuse, entrap, or entangle in argument <a captious question> Synonyms: see critical • cap·tious·ly adverb • cap·tious·ness noun

CAPERE= take, catch As in capable, capacious,occupy, anticipate, etc Synonyms: spacious, commodious, capacious, ample mean larger in extent or capacity than the average. spacious implies great length and breadth <a spacious front lawn> commodious stresses roominess and comfortableness <a commodious and airy penthouse apartment> capacious stresses the ability to hold, contain, or retain more than the average <a capacious suitcase> ample implies having a greater size, expanse, or amount than that deemed adequate <ample closet space>

momentous (adj.) Look up momentous at Dictionary.com 1650s, from moment + -ous to carry the sense of "important" while momentary kept the meaning "of an instant of time." Related: Momentously; momentousness.

Confusables Momentous, momentary

bully pulpit noun Etymology: bully (II) + pulpit (I); from the observation by Theodore Roosevelt died 1919, 26th United States president, that "the White House is a bully pulpit" : a prominent public position (as a political office) that provides an opportunity for expounding one's views ; also : such an opportunity Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary 1Ed bully pulpit noun , pl ⋯ -pits [ count ] US : an important public position that allows a person to express beliefs and opinions to many people She uses her position as a famous actress as a bully pulpit. pulpit n. early 14c., from Late Latin pulpitum "raised structure on which preachers stand," in classical Latin "scaffold; stage, platform for actors," of unknown origin. Also borrowed in Middle High German as pulpit (German Pult "desk"). Sense of "Christian preachers and ministers generally" is from 1560s. Pulpiteer, old contemptuous term for "professional preacher," is recorded from 1640s. pulpit n 教堂的讲坛 【记】pulp果酱，it他：他一边吃果酱一边在讲坛上传教。

DIS RESEMBLE dissemble stresses more the intent to deceive, especially as to one's own thoughts or feelings, usually carrying a stronger implication of successful deception than does disguise and often suggesting something censurable < I account him faithful in the pulpit who dissembles nothing that he believes for fear of giving offense — William Cowper > < smiling in the face of misfortune in order to dissemble the truth to the world — Clare Sheridan > < a crafty child given to frequent dessembling > dis·sem·ble \də̇ˈsembəl\ verb (dissembled ; dissembled ; dissembling \-b(ə)liŋ\ ; dissembles) Etymology: alteration (influenced by Middle French dessembler to be unlike) of dissimule transitive verb 1. : to hide under a false appearance : conceal with intent to deceive : feign < the propagandist ... is a man so convinced of the truth of a certain proposition that he dissembles the facts that tell against it — Katharine F. Gerould > 2. obsolete : overlook, ignore 3. archaic : to put on the appearance of : make pretense of : simulate < he soon dissembled a sleep — Tatler > intransitive ve"rb : to put on a false appearance : conceal facts, motives, intentions, or feelings under some pretense < we are all brought up to have a strict regard for the truth, but in adult life we learn to dissemble > Synonyms: see disguise

os·ten·ta·tion \ˌäs-tən-ˈtā-shən\ noun Etymology: Middle English ostentacion, from Middle French, from Latin ostentation-, ostentatio, from ostentare to display, frequentative of ostendere Date: 15th century 1. : excessive display : pretentiousness 2. archaic : an act of displaying

FLAUNT

appall (v.) Look up appall at Dictionary.com also appal, early 14c., "to fade;" c. 1400, "to grow pale," from Old French apalir "become or make pale," from a- "to" (see ad-) + palir "grow pale," from Latin pallere (see pallor). Meaning "cause dismay or shock," is 1530s. Related: Appalled; appalling.

GROW PALE

Inchoate 1. 【赵丽口诀】： 只有inch为英寸， 拍进一寸用手捏pinch， 飞回一寸为畏缩flinch， 吃掉一寸才发芽inchoate 2. inchoate 使开端 来自拉丁语incohare,挂上，开始，来自in-,进入，使，cohum,皮带，牛轭，词源同haw,hedge.其原义为给牛挂上轭带，使牛开始耕田，后引申词义开端。

Grammatical cases of verb Inchoative 表始 Ergative 作格 Causative 使役

slumber party noun : an overnight gathering of teen-age girls usually at one of their homes at which they dress in nightclothes but pass the night more in talking than sleeping

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion blood·bath \ˈbləd-ˌbath, -ˌbäth\ noun Date: 1846 1. : a great slaughter 2. a. : a notably fierce, violent, or destructive contest or struggle <the campaign has become a bloodbath> b. : a major economic disaster <a market bloodbath>

baloney I. baloney variant of bologna II. ba·lo·ney noun also bo·lo·ney \bə-ˈlō-nē\ Etymology: bologna Date: 1922 : pretentious nonsense : bunkum — often used as a generalized expression of disagreement

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion bun·kum noun or bun·combe \ˈbəŋ-kəm\ Etymology: Buncombe county, N.C.; from a remark made by its congressman, who defended an irrelevant speech by claiming that he was speaking to Buncombe Date: 1845 : insincere or foolish talk : nonsense

(osteo)myelitis 骨髄炎 こつずいえん

OSS=BONE AS IN OSSIFY

first-string \ˈ ̷ ̷| ̷ ̷\ adjective 1. : being a regular as distinguished from a substitute (as on a football team) < first-string quarterback > 2. : being of the first order of quality or importance < drew highly favorable notices from nearly all the first-string critics — Current Biography > < almost the only first-string American statesman who managed to combine high office with humor — A.J.Liebling >

Online Etymology Dictionary statesman n. 1590s, after French homme d'état; see state, n.1 + man, n.. Related: Statesmanly; statesmanship. Stateswoman attested from c.1600. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion states·man \ˈstāts-mən\ noun Date: 1592 1. : one versed in the principles or art of government; especially : one actively engaged in conducting the business of a government or in shaping its policies 2. : one who exercises political leadership wisely and without narrow partisanship • states·man·like \-ˌlīk\ adjective • states·man·ly \-lē\ adjective • states·man·ship \-ˌship\ noun <<名詞>> 1 政治家 2 (推廣公益的) 政治領袖 3 (某領域中的) 領導者 "a mature statesman of American letters" (Toby Thompson) 美國文壇的賢明領袖

Synonyms: spacious, commodious, capacious, ample mean larger in extent or capacity than the average. spacious implies great length and breadth <a spacious front lawn> commodious stresses roominess and comfortableness <a commodious and airy penthouse apartment> capacious stresses the ability to hold, contain, or retain more than the average <a capacious suitcase> ample implies having a greater size, expanse, or amount than that deemed adequate <ample closet space>

Politic,advisable 1 Synonyms: EXPEDIENT, advisable, prudent, tactical, wise Related Words: astute, perspicacious, sagacious, shrewd 2 Synonyms: TACTFUL, delicate, diplomatic, tactical Related Words: judicious, wise

redoubt n. also redout, "small, enclosed military work," c.1600, from French redoute (17c.), from Italian ridotto, earlier ridotta, "place of retreat," from Medieval Latin reductus "place of refuge, retreat," noun use of past participle of reducere "to lead or bring back" (see reduce). The -b- was added by influence of unrelated English redoubt (v.) "to dread, fear" (see redoubtable). As an adjective, Latin reductus meant "withdrawn, retired; remote, distant."

Redoubtable awe

in·crus·ta·tion \ˌin-ˌkrəs-ˈtā-shən\ noun also en·crus·ta·tion \ˌin-, ˌen-\ Etymology: Latin incrustation-, incrustatio, from incrustare to encrust Date: 1644 1. a. : a crust or hard coating b. : a growth or accumulation (as of habits, opinions, or customs) resembling a crust 2. : the act of encrusting : the state of being encrusted 3. a. : overlay a b. : inlay

Scale formation in boiler tannin tannin\ Any of a group of pale yellow to light brown amorphous substances widely distributed in plants and used chiefly in tanning leather, dyeing fabric, and making ink. Their solutions are acid and have an astringent taste. They are isolated from oak bark, sumac, myrobalan (an Asian tree), and galls. Tannins give tea astringency, color, and some flavor. Tannins are used industrially to clarify wine and beer, reduce viscosity of oil-well drilling mud, and prevent scale in boiler water; they have also had medical uses. tan.nin `tænɪn;ˈtænin <<名詞>> 『化學』 1 丹寧, 鞣質 2 丹寧酸, 鞣酸

mardi gras Mardi Gras\ (French: "Fat Tuesday") Carnival celebrated on or culminating on Shrove Tuesday, the day before Ash Wednesday, the start of Lent. Traditionally, households consumed all the remaining foods that would be forbidden during Lent (e.g., eggs) on that day. It is a one-day event in France, but in the U.S. it lasts several days in New Orleans, where it is marked by parades, street celebrations, and extravagant costumes.

Shrove Tuesday <<名詞>> 懺悔星期二(Mardi Gras) 牛津英美文化词典第二版 the day before Ash Wednesday. In the Christian religion it is traditionally the last day on which people can enjoy rich food before Lent, and it is celebrated in different ways in different countries. In Britain it is often called Pancake Day and in America it is called Mardi Gras.

Synonyms: adjacent, adjoining, contiguous, juxtaposed mean being in close proximity. adjacent may or may not imply contact but always implies absence of anything of the same kind in between <a house with an adjacent garage> adjoining definitely implies meeting and touching at some point or line <had adjoining rooms at the hotel> contiguous implies having contact on all or most of one side <offices in all 48 contiguous states> juxtaposed means placed side by side especially so as to permit comparison and contrast <a skyscraper juxtaposed to a church>

TANGERE= TOUCH AS IN TANGENT, CONTINGENT, CONTIGUOUS con·tig·u·ous \kən-ˈti-gyə-wəs, -gyü-əs\ adjective Etymology: Latin contiguus, from contingere to have contact with — more at contingent Date: circa 1609 1. : being in actual contact : touching along a boundary or at a point 2. of angles : adjacent 2 3. : next or near in time or sequence 4. : touching or connected throughout in an unbroken sequence <contiguous row houses> Synonyms: see adjacent • con·tig·u·ous·ly adverb • con·tig·u·ous·ness noun

Synonyms: trick, ruse, stratagem, maneuver, artifice, wile, feint mean an indirect means to gain an end. trick may imply deception, roguishness, illusion, and either an evil or harmless end <the tricks of the trade> ruse stresses an attempt to mislead by a false impression <the ruses of smugglers> stratagem implies a ruse used to entrap, outwit, circumvent, or surprise an opponent or enemy <the stratagem-filled game> maneuver suggests adroit and skillful avoidance of difficulty <last-minute maneuvers to avert bankruptcy> artifice implies ingenious contrivance or invention <the clever artifices of the stage> wile suggests an attempt to entrap or deceive with false allurements <used all of his wiles to ingratiate himself> feint implies a diversion or distraction of attention away from one's real intent <a feint toward the enemy's left flank>

WILE=From WIZARD,hence trick. FEINT=from FEIGN, HENCE PRETEND

blood-curdling adj. also bloodcurdling, 1817, from blood, n. + present participle of curdle. Also formerly with a noun form, bloodcurdler "incident which freezes the blood," especially "sensational story," 1877, slang; also in use in this sense was blood-freezer (1886). Confusables Curdle, cuddle curdle v. 1630s (earlier crudle, 1580s), "to thicken, cause to congeal," frequentative of curd (v.) "to make into curd" (late 14c.; see curd). Of blood, in figurative sense "to inspire horror" from c.1600. Related: Curdled (1590); curdling (c.1700, almost always with reference to blood, in the figurative sense). curd n. c.1500, metathesis of crud (late 14c.), originally "any coagulated substance," probably from Old English crudan "to press, drive," from PIE root *greut- "to press, coagulate," perhaps via ancestor of Gaelic gruth (because cognates are unknown in other Germanic or Romance languages). curd n 凝乳（凝乳状液体，比如牛奶凝乳用来制作干酪cheese） 【记】读：蝌蚪（下面的单词读音更像蝌蚪）：当水中有一万只蝌蚪的时候，水就会变稠－凝乳 【参】bean curd(s) 豆腐 tofu coagulate v. early 15c., from Latin coagulatus, past participle of coagulare "to cause to curdle," from cogere "to curdle, collect" (see cogent). Earlier coagule, c.1400, from Middle French coaguler. Related: Coagulated; coagulating.

agar FROM ALGAE \ˈä-gər\ noun Etymology: Malay agar-agar Date: 1889 1. : a gelatinous colloidal extractive of a red alga (as of the genera Gelidium, Gracilaria, and Eucheuma) used especially in culture media or as a gelling and stabilizing agent in foods 2. : a culture medium containing agar 韦氏第3版新国际英语足本词典.2003 寒天 al•gae /ˈældʒi/ noun [uncountable, plural] (sing. al•ga /ˈælɡə/) (technical) very simple plants with no real leaves, stems, or roots that grow in or near water, including seaweed al•gal /ˈælɡəl/ adjective [only before noun] algal blooms/growth gel·a·tin ANIMAL PROTEIN, FROM BONES noun also gel·a·tine \ˈje-lə-tən\ Etymology: French gélatine edible jelly, gelatin, from Italian gelatina, from gelato, past participle of gelare to freeze, from Latin — more at cold Date: 1800 1. : glutinous material obtained from animal tissues by boiling; especially : a colloidal protein used as a food, in photography, and in medicine 2. a. : any of various substances (as agar) resembling gelatin b. : an edible jelly made with gelatin 3. : gel 2 GELARE=FREEZE CONGEAL, GELATIN, GELATO, JELLY

cog·nate I. \ˈkäg-ˌnāt\ adjective Etymology: Latin cognatus, from co- + gnatus, natus, past participle of nasci to be born; akin to Latin gignere to beget — more at kin Date: circa 1645 1. : of the same or similar nature : generically alike 2. : related by blood; also : related on the mother's side 3. a. : related by descent from the same ancestral language b. of a word or morpheme : related by derivation, borrowing, or descent c. of a substantive : related to a verb usually by derivation and serving as its object to reinforce the meaning • cog·nate·ly adverb II. noun Date: 1754 : one that is cognate with another

ag·nate I. \ˈag-ˌnāt\ noun Etymology: Latin agnatus, from past participle of agnasci to be born in addition to, from ad- + nasci to be born — more at nation Date: 1534 1. : a relative whose kinship is traceable exclusively through males 2. : a paternal kinsman II. adjective Date: 1782 1. : allied, akin 2. : related through male descent or on the father's side • ag·nat·ic \ag-ˈna-tik\ adjective

Gramophone n. 1887, trademark by German-born U.S. inventor Emil Berliner (1851-1929), an inversion of phonogram (1884) "the tracing made by a phonograph needle," coined from Greek phone "voice, sound" (see fame, n.) + gramma "something written" (see grammar). Berliner's machine used a flat disc and succeeded with the public. Edison's phonograph used a cylinder and did not. Despised by linguistic purists (Weekley calls gramophone "An atrocity formed by reversing phonogram") who tried to at least amend it to grammophone, it was replaced by record player after mid-1950s. There also was a graphophone (1886).

album n. 1650s, from Latin album "white color, whiteness," neuter of albus "white" (see alb). In classical times "a blank tablet on which the Pontifex Maximus registered the principal events of the year; a list of names." Revived 16c. by German scholars whose custom was to keep an album amicorum of colleagues' signatures; meaning then expanded into "book to collect souvenirs." According to Johnson, "a book in which foreigners have long been accustomed to insert autographs of celebrated people." Photographic albums first recorded 1859. Meaning "long-playing gramophone record" is by 1951, because the sleeves they came in resembled large albums.

promenade. MINARE=to drive animals with shouts, HENCE LEAD, THREATEN n. 1560s, "leisurely walk," from Middle French promenade (16c.), from se promener "go for a walk," from Late Latin prominare "to drive (animals) onward," from pro- "forth" (see pro-) + minare "to drive (animals) with shouts," from minari "to threaten" (see menace, n.). Meaning "place for walking" is 1640s; specifically "walkway by the sea" late 18c.; British sense of "music hall favored by 'loose women and the simpletons who run after them'" is attested from 1863. Sense of "dance given by a school" is from 1887. v. "to make a promenade," 1580s, from promenade, n.. Related: Promenaded; promenading. promenade v （作为社交活动在公共场合的）散步 【记】pro向前，men男人，ade－男人向前－散步

amenable adj. 1590s, "liable," from Anglo-French amenable, Middle French amener "answerable" (to the law), from à "to" (see ad-) + mener "to lead," from Latin minare "to drive (cattle) with shouts," variant of minari "threaten" (see menace, n.). Sense of "tractable" is from 1803, from notion of disposed to answer or submit to influence. Related: Amenably. demeanor n. late 15c., from obsolete Middle English demean "handle, manage, conduct," later "behave in a certain way" (early 14c.), from Old French demener (11c.) "to guide, conduct; to live, dwell," from de- "completely" (see de-) + mener "to lead, direct," from Latin minare "to threaten," in Late Latin "to drive (a herd of animals);" see menace. Sense in English evolved from notion of "conduct, manage" (oneself). Spelling changed by influence of nouns in -or, -our. minatory =MINACIOUS ['mɪnəˌt(ə)ri] adjective formal expressing or conveying a threat he is unlikely to be deterred by minatory finger-wagging

sun·dry I. \ˈsən-drē\ adjective Etymology: Middle English, different for each, from Old English syndrig, from sundor apart — more at sunder Date: 13th century : miscellaneous, various <sundry articles> II. pronoun, plural in construction Date: 15th century : an indeterminate number <recommended for reading by all and sundry — Edward Huberman>

asun·der \əˈsəndə(r)\ adverb (or adjective) Etymology: Middle English asonder, asunder, from Old English onsundran, onsundrum, from on + sundran, sundrum apart, from sunder, sundor apart, separate — more at sunder 1. : into parts : into different pieces < the American constitutional fabric would be torn asunder — H.S.Commager > 2. : apart from each other in position < as wide asunder as pole and pole — J.A.Froude > 3. : distinct from each other in kind, quality, or nature < I do not know their faces asunder — Thomas Gray > < their philosophies are poles asunder > 韦氏第3版新国际英语足本词典.2003 in sunder adverb (or adjective) Etymology: Middle English, from Old English onsundran, onsundrum — more at asunder archaic : asunder < breaketh the bow and cutteth the spear in sunder — Ps 46:9 (Authorized Version) >

Boulder =Roaring stone n.) Look up boulder at Dictionary.com 1670s, variant of Middle English bulder (c. 1300), from a Scandinavian source akin to Swedish dialectal bullersten "noisy stone" (large stone in a stream, causing water to roar around it), from bullra "to roar" + sten "stone." Or the first element might be from *buller- "round object," from Proto-Germanic *bul-, from PIE *bhel- (2) "to inflate, swell" (see bole). balderdash (n.) Look up balderdash at Dictionary.com 1590s, of unknown origin; originally a jumbled mix of liquors (milk and beer, beer and wine, etc.), transferred 1670s to "senseless jumble of words." From dash; first element perhaps cognate with Danish balder "noise, clatter" (see boulder).

boul·der noun also bowl·der \ˈbōl-dər\ Etymology: short for boulder stone, from Middle English bulder ston, part translation of a word of Scandinavian origin; akin to Swedish dialect bullersten large stone in a stream, from buller noise + sten stone Date: 1617 : a detached and rounded or much-worn mass of rock • boul·dered \-dərd\ adjective • boul·dery \-d(ə-)rē\ adjective bal·der·dash /ˈbɑːldɚˌdæʃ/ noun [ noncount ] old-fashioned + informal : foolish words or ideas : nonsense Frankly, I think that's absolute balderdash. [=baloney, hogwash] — sometimes used as an interjection. Balderdash! That's not what happened

Synonyms: bulk, mass, volume mean the aggregate that forms a body or unit. bulk implies an aggregate that is impressively large, heavy, or numerous <the darkened bulk of the skyscrapers> mass suggests an aggregate made by piling together things of the same kind <a mass of boulders> volume applies to an aggregate without shape or outline and capable of flowing or fluctuating <a tremendous volume of water>

colossus [kə'lɒsəs] noun (pl. colossi [-sʌɪ] or colossuses) a statue that is much bigger than life size ■ a person or thing of enormous size, importance, or ability the Russian Empire was the colossus of European politics ORIGIN late Middle English: via Latin from Greek kolossos (applied by Herodotus to the statues of Egyptian temples) Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary 1Ed co·los·sus /kəˈlɑːsəs/ noun , pl -los·si /-ˈlɑːˌsaı/ [ count ] 1 : a huge statue an ancient Egyptian colossus 2 : a very large or important person or thing The building is a colossus of steel and glass. a corporate colossus 新牛津英语大词典 第二版

coy adj 腼腆的（逃避公众和社交场合的）＝reserved；忸怩的（目的是不愿作出承诺）；（故意而且经常的谄媚地）害羞的＝shy 【记】co全部，y国人：周围全部是外国人，唉！口语太差，只好故作忸怩了，没准儿那个老外慧眼识珍珠，就不用考试了。男生就没有那么好运了。悲哀！！！看上去比较弱智的boy就会coy！ 牛津高阶英汉双解 第7版 （OALD8风格排版） coy coy / kɔi / adjective 1. shy or pretending to be shy and innocent, especially about love or sex, and sometimes in order to make people more interested in you (尤指对爱情或性爱)羞羞答答的,假装害羞无知的,故作忸怩的: She gave me a coy smile. 她羞答答地对我笑了笑。 2. ~ (about sth) not willing to give information about sth, or answer questions that tell people too much about you 不愿提供信息的；不肯作答的；含糊其词的 SYN reticent : She was a little coy about how much her dress cost. 她对她那件衣服花了多少钱有点吞吞吐吐。

decoy n. 1610s, perhaps from Dutch kooi "cage," used of a pond surrounded by nets, into which wildfowl were lured for capture, from West Germanic *kaiwa, from Latin cavea "cage." The first element is possibly the Dutch definite article de, mistaken in English as part of the word. But decoy, of unknown origin, was the name of a card game popular c.1550-1650, and this may have influenced the form of the word. v. 1650s, from decoy, n.. Related: Decoyed; decoying. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion de·coy I. \ˈdē-ˌkȯi, di-ˈ\ noun Etymology: probably from Dutch de kooi, literally, the cage Date: 1630 1. : a pond into which wildfowl are lured for capture 2. : someone or something used to lure or lead another into a trap; especially : an artificial bird used to attract live birds within shot 3. : someone or something used to draw attention away from another II. \di-ˈkȯi, ˈdē-ˌ\ transitive verb Date: 1648 : to lure by or as if by a decoy : entice shill n. "one who acts as a decoy for a gambler, auctioneer, etc.," 1916, probably originally circus or carnival argot, probably a shortened form of shillaber (1913) with the same meaning, origin unknown. The verb is attested from 1914. Related: Shilled; shilling. shill /ˈʃıl/ verb , shills, shilled, shill·ing [ no obj ] US informal + disapproving : to talk about or describe someone or something in a favorable way because you are being paid to do it — often + for celebrities shilling for politicians shill noun , pl shills [ count ] He's just a political shill.

epidermis [ˌɛpɪ'dəːmɪs] noun the outer layer of cells covering an organism, in particular ■ Zoology & Anatomy the surface epithelium of the skin of an animal, overlying the dermis ■ Botany the outer layer of tissue in a plant, except where it is replaced by periderm DERIVATIVES epidermal adjective epidermic adjective epidermoid adjective ORIGIN early 17th cent.: via late Latin from Greek, from epi 'upon' + derma 'skin' 牛津高阶美语词典

der·ma·tol·o·gy \ˌdər-mə-ˈtä-lə-jē\ noun Date: 1819 : a branch of medicine dealing with the skin, its structure, functions, and diseases • der·ma·to·log·ic \-mə-tə-ˈlä-jik\ or der·ma·to·log·i·cal \-ji-kəl\ adjective • der·ma·tol·o·gist \-mə-ˈtä-lə-jist\ noun

virgil Virgil\ Greatest of Roman poets. The well-educated son of a prosperous provincial farmer, Virgil led a quiet life, though he eventually became a member of the circle around Octavian (later Caesar Augustus) and was patronized by Maecenas. His poetry reflects the turbulence in Italy during a period of civil war and the subsequent trend toward stability. His first major work, the 10 pastoral Eclogues (42-37 BC), may be read as a prophecy of tranquility, and one has even been read as a prophecy of Christianity. The Georgics (37-30 BC) point toward a Golden Age in the form of practical goals: the repopulation of rural Italy and the rehabilitation of agriculture. His great epic, the Aeneid (begun c.29 BC, but unfinished at his death), is one of the masterpieces of world literature; a celebration of the founding of Rome by the legendary Aeneas at the request of Augustus, whose consolidation of power in 31-30 BC unified the Roman world, it also explores the themes of war and the pathos of unrequited love. In later centuries his works were regarded in the Roman empire as virtually sacred, and he was taken up reverently by Christians as well, incl. Dante, who made Virgil his guide through hell and purgatory. Virgil's influence on European literature is perhaps second only to Homer's.

eclectic adj. 1680s, "not confined to or following any one model or system," originally in reference to ancient philosophers who selected doctrines from every system; from French eclectique (1650s), from Greek eklektikos "selective," literally "picking out," from eklektos "selected," from eklegein "pick out, select," from ek "out" (see ex-) + legein "gather, choose" (see lecture, n.). Broader sense of "borrowed from diverse sources" is first recorded 1847. As a noun from 1817. eclogue n. "short poem," especially a pastoral dialogue, mid-15c., from Latin ecloga "selection, short poem, eclogue," from Greek ekloge "a selection," especially of poems, from eklegein "to select" (see eclectic). aeneas Aeneas\ Mythical hero of Troy and Rome. He was the son of Aphrodite and Anchises, a member of Trojan royal family. According to Homer, he was second only to his cousin Hector in defending Troy during the Trojan War. Virgil's Aeneid tells of Aeneas's escape after Troy's fall, carrying his elderly father on his back, and of his journey to Italy, where his descendants became the rulers of Rome. See also Dido.

endosperm endo·sperm / ˈendəuspəːm; NAmE ˈendouspəːrm / noun [U] (biology 生) the part of the plant seed that provides food for the embryo 胚乳 JMDict endosperm 胚乳 はいにゅう

endo- Look up endo- at Dictionary.com word-forming element meaning "inside, within, internal," comb. form of Greek endon "in, within," literally "in the house of," from en "in" (see en- (2)) + base of domos "house" (see domestic). end- combining form or endo- Etymology: French, from Greek, from endon within; akin to Greek en in, Old Latin indu, Hittite andan within — more at in 1. : within : inside <endoskeleton> — compare ect-, exo- 2. : taking in <endothermic>

ectoderm [ˈektəˌdərm] noun (Zoology & Embryology ) ■the outermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development, or the parts derived from this, which include the epidermis and nerve tissue. Compare with endoderm and mesoderm. 派生 ectodermal [ˌektōˈdərməl] adjective 语源 - ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from ecto- ''outside'' + Greek derma ''skin''. ETDict ec.to.derm `ɛktə͵dʒm;ˈektədəːm <<名詞>> 『生物』外胚層 JMDict ectoderm 外胚葉 がいはいよう

endoderm [ˈendəˌdərm ] (also entoderm) noun (Zoology & Embryology ) ■the innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development, or the parts derived from this, which include the lining of the gut and associated structures. Compare with ectoderm and mesoderm. 派生 endodermal [ˌendəˈdərməl, ˌendō-] adjective endodermic [ˌendəˈdərmik, ˌendō-] 语源 - ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from endo- ''within'' + Greek derma ''skin''. ETDict en.do.derm `ɛndo͵dʒm;ˈendoudəːm <<名詞>> 『生物』內胚層 me·so·derm \ˈme-zə-ˌdərm, ˈmē-, -sə-\ noun Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary Date: 1873 : the middle of the three primary germ layers of an embryo that is the source of many bodily tissues and structures (as bone, muscle, connective tissue, and dermis); broadly : tissue derived from this germ layer • me·so·der·mal \ˌme-zə-ˈdər-məl, ˌmē-, -sə-\ adjective

ep·i·the·li·um \ˌe-pə-ˈthē-lē-əm\ noun (plural ep·i·the·lia \-lē-ə\) Etymology: New Latin, from epi- + Greek thēlē nipple — more at feminine Date: 1748 1. : a membranous cellular tissue that covers a free surface or lines a tube or cavity of an animal body and serves especially to enclose and protect the other parts of the body, to produce secretions and excretions, and to function in assimilation 2. : a usually thin layer of parenchyma that lines a cavity or tube of a plant

ep.i.the.li.um ͵ɛpə`θilɪəm;͵epiˈθiːliəm <<名詞>> 複數: -li.a#-l; -li#, ~s 『解剖』上皮; 上皮細胞 <<形容詞>> ep.i.the.li.al

feint I. \ˈfānt\ noun Etymology: French feinte, from Old French, from feint, past participle of feindre Date: 1644 : something feigned; specifically : a mock blow or attack on or toward one part in order to distract attention from the point one really intends to attack Synonyms: see trick II. verb Date: 1741 intransitive verb : to make a feint transitive verb 1. : to lure or deceive with a feint 2. : to make a pretense of

feint fent;feint <<名詞>> 1 佯攻; 聲東擊西 2 假象 <<動詞>> feint.ed, feint.ing, feints <<不及物動詞>> 佯攻 <<及物動詞>> 1 (以佯攻) 欺騙 2 假裝 JMDict feint 牽制 けんせい

FIDDLE, n. An instrument to tickle human ears by friction of a horse's tail on the entrails of a cat. [Ambrose Bierce, "The Cynic's Word Book," 1906] Fiddle has been relegated to colloquial usage by its more proper cousin, violin, a process encouraged by phraseology such as fiddlesticks (1620s), contemptuous nonsense word fiddle-de-dee (1784), and fiddle-faddle. Century Dictionary reports that fiddle "in popular use carries with it a suggestion of contempt and ridicule." Fit as a fiddle is from 1610s. v. late 14c., "play upon a fiddle," from fiddle, n.; the figurative sense of "to act nervously, make idle movements, move the hands or something held in them in an idle, ineffective way" is from 1520s. Related: Fiddled; fiddling.

fodder n. Old English fodder "food," especially "hay, straw, or other bulk food for cattle," from Proto-Germanic *fodram (cognates: Old Norse foðr, Middle Dutch voeder, Old High German fuotar, German Futter), from PIE *pa-trom, suffixed form of *pa- "to feed" (see food). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion fod·der \ˈfä-dər\ noun Etymology: Middle English, from Old English fōdor; akin to Old High German fuotar food — more at food Date: before 12th century 1. : something fed to domestic animals; especially : coarse food for cattle, horses, or sheep 2. : inferior or readily available material used to supply a heavy demand <fodder for tabloids> • fodder transitive verb gig n. 1 "light, two-wheeled carriage, usually drawn by one horse" (1791), also "small boat," 1790, perhaps, on notion of bouncing, from Middle English ghyg "spinning top" (in whyrlegyg, mid-15c.), also "giddy girl" (early 13c., also giglet), from Old Norse geiga "turn sideways," or Danish gig "spinning top." Similar to words in continental Germanic for "fiddle" (such as German Geige); the connecting sense might be "rapid or whirling motion." 2 "job," originally in the argot of jazz musicians, attested from 1915 but said to have been in use c.1905; of uncertain origin. As a verb, by 1939. Among the earlier meanings of gig was "combination of numbers in betting games" (1847). Related: Gigged; gigging.

gladiolus (n.) Look up gladiolus at Dictionary.com "wild iris," c. 1000, from Latin gladiolus "wild iris, sword-lily," literally "small sword," diminutive of gladius "sword" (see gladiator); the plant so called by Pliny in reference to its sword-shaped leaves. The Old English form of the word was gladdon. Form gladiol is attested from mid-15c.; the modern use perhaps represents a 1560s reborrowing from Latin.

gladiolus gladi·olus / ˌglædiˈəuləs; NAmE -ˈouləs / noun (pl. gladi·oli / -lai / ) a tall garden plant with long thin leaves and brightly coloured flowers growing up the stem 唐菖蒲；菖兰；剑兰

liv·id \ˈli-vəd\ adjective Etymology: French livide, from Latin lividus, from livēre to be blue; akin to Welsh lliw color and probably to Russian sliva plum Date: 1622 1. : discolored by bruising : black-and-blue <the livid traces of the sharp scourges — Abraham Cowley> 2. : ashen, pallid <this cross, thy livid face, thy pierced hands and feet — Walt Whitman> 3. : reddish <a fan of gladiolas blushed livid under the electric letters — Truman Capote> 4. : very angry : enraged <was livid at his son's disobedience> • li·vid·i·ty \li-ˈvi-də-tē\ noun • liv·id·ness \ˈli-vəd-nəs\ noun

lead·en \ˈle-dən\ adjective Date: before 12th century 1. a. : made of lead b. : of the color of lead : dull gray 2. a. : oppressively heavy b. : sluggish c. : lacking spirit or animation • lead·en·ly adverb • lead·en·ness \-dən-(n)əs\ noun

Synonyms: ghastly, grisly, gruesome, macabre, lurid mean horrifying and repellent in appearance or aspect. ghastly suggests the terrifying aspects of corpses and ghosts <a ghastly accident> grisly and gruesome suggest additionally the results of extreme violence or cruelty <an unusually grisly murder> <suffered a gruesome death> macabre implies a morbid preoccupation with the physical aspects of death <a macabre tale of premature burial> lurid adds to gruesome the suggestion of shuddering fascination with violent death and especially with murder <the lurid details of a crime>

lurid (adj.) Look up lurid at Dictionary.com 1650s, "pale," from Latin luridus "pale yellow, ghastly," of uncertain origin, perhaps cognate with Greek khloros (see Chloe). Meaning "glowing in the darkness" is from 1727. The figurative sense of "sensational" is first attested 1850. Related: Luridly.

mer·i·to·ri·ous \|merə|tōrēəs, -tȯr-\ adjective Etymology: Middle English, from Medieval Latin meritorius, from Latin, that brings in money, from meritus (past participle of merēre to earn) + -orius -ory — more at merit 1. : serving to win divine favor, blessing, or reward < it is meritorious to believe what cannot be demonstrated — Frank Thilly > 2. : worthy of reward, gratitude, honor, or esteem < made up for his lack of talent by meritorious industry — W.M.Thackeray > 3. obsolete : deserving — used with of • mer·i·to·ri·ous·ly adverb • mer·i·to·ri·ous·ness noun -es

mag·na cum laude \|magnə, |maig-, |mäg-, |mȧg-+\ adverb (or adjective) Etymology: Latin, with great praise : with great distinction — used as a mark of meritorious achievement in the academic requirements for graduation from school or college; compare cum laude, summa cum laude

As a noun meaning "semen or other product of orgasm" it is on record from the 1920s. The sexual cum seems to have no connection with Latin cum, the preposition meaning "with, together with," which is occasionally used in English in local names of combined parishes or benifices (such as Chorlton-cum-Hardy), in popular Latin phrases (such as cum laude), or as a combining word to indicate a dual nature or function (such as slumber party-cum-bloodbath).

mag•nate /ˈmæɡneɪt; ˈmæɡnət/ noun a person who is rich, powerful, and successful, especially in business a media/property/shipping magnate 新牛津英语大词典 第二版 magnate ['magneɪt] noun a wealthy and influential businessman or businesswoman ORIGIN late Middle English: from late Latin magnas, magnat- 'great man', from Latin magnus 'great' Merriam-Webster Collegiate Thesaurus n. Function: noun a businessman of exceptional wealth, influence, or power FF1C;the oil and steel magnateswho controlled whole nationsFF1E; Synonyms: baron, czar, king, merchant prince, mogul, prince, tycoon Related Words: figure, name, personage; ||biggie, big gun, big-timer, ||big wheel, fat cat, lion, nabob; plutocrat Idioms: captain of industry mogul n. 1 "powerful person," 1670s, from Great Mogul, Mongol emperor of India after the conquest of 1520s, from Persian and Arabic mughal, mughul, alteration of Mongol, q.v., the Asiatic people. 2 "elevation on a ski slope," 1961, probably [Barnhart] from Scandinavian (compare dialectal Norwegian mugje, fem. muga, "a heap, a mound"), or [OED] from southern German dialect mugel in the same sense. great mogul noun Usage: usually capitalized G&M : the sovereign of the empire founded in India by the Moguls under Baber in the 16th century

Synonyms: evident, manifest, patent, distinct, obvious, apparent, plain, clear mean readily perceived or apprehended. evident implies presence of visible signs that lead one to a definite conclusion <an evident fondness for sweets> manifest implies an external display so evident that little or no inference is required <manifest hostility> patent applies to a cause, effect, or significant feature that is clear and unmistakable once attention has been directed to it <patent defects> distinct implies such sharpness of outline or definition that no unusual effort to see or hear or comprehend is required <a distinct refusal> obvious implies such ease in discovering that it often suggests conspicuousness or little need for perspicacity in the observer <the obvious solution> apparent is very close to evident except that it may imply more conscious exercise of inference <for no apparent reason> plain suggests lack of intricacy, complexity, or elaboration <her feelings about him are plain> clear implies an absence of anything that confuses the mind or obscures the pattern <a clear explanation>

manifest man·i·fest I /ˈmænəˌfɛst/ adj [more ~; most ~] formal 1 : able to be seen : clearly shown or visible Their sadness was manifest in their faces. His love for literature is manifest in his large library. There was manifest confusion in the streets. 2 : easy to understand or recognize The truth was manifest [=(more commonly) obvious] to everyone but me. a manifest injustice man·i·fest·ly adv The decision was manifestly [=clearly, obviously] unjust.

Yaqui Sioux

mettle n. 1580s, variant spelling of metal, both forms used interchangeably (by Shakespeare and others) in the literal sense and in the figurative one of "stuff of which a person is made" (1550s) until the spellings and senses diverged early 18c. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion met·tle \ˈme-təl\ noun Etymology: alteration of metal Date: 1581 1. a. : vigor and strength of spirit or temperament <suspected to have more tongue in his head than mettle in his bosom — Sir Walter Scott> b. : staying quality : stamina <trucks had proved their mettle in army transport — Pioneer & Pacemaker> 2. : quality of temperament or disposition <gentlemen of brave mettle — Shakespeare> Synonyms: see courage • met·tled \-təld\ adjective • - on one's mettle

reverie REVELRY, RAVE, DELIRIUM, FROLIC, MIRTH n. mid-14c., reuerye, "wild conduct, frolic," from Old French reverie, resverie "revelry, raving, delirium" (Modern French rêverie), from resver "to dream, wander, rave" (12c., Modern French rêver), of uncertain origin (also the root of rave). Meaning "daydream" is first attested 1650s, a reborrowing from French. As a type of musical composition, it is attested from 1880. Related: Reverist. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion rev·er·ie noun also rev·ery \ˈre-və-rē, ˈrev-rē\ (plural rev·er·ies) Etymology: French rêverie, from Middle French, delirium, from resver, rever to wander, be delirious Date: 1654 1. : daydream 2. : the condition of being lost in thought

mirth n. Old English myrgð "joy, pleasure," from Proto-Germanic *murgitha (cognates: Middle Dutch merchte), noun of quality from *murgjo- (see merry; also see -th(2)). Mirthquake "entertainment that excites convulsive laughter" first attested 1928, in reference to Harold Lloyd movies. delirium n. 1590s, from Latin delirium "madness," from deliriare "be crazy, rave," literally "go off the furrow," a plowing metaphor, from phrase de lire, from de "off, away" (see de-) + lira "furrow, earth thrown up between two furrows," from PIE *leis- (1) "track, furrow" (see learn). romp v. 1709, "to play, sport, frolic;" 1734, "piece of lively play;" perhaps a variant of ramp, v.; but also see romp, n.. Meaning "to win (a contest) with great ease" first attested 1888. Related: Romped; romping. n. 1734, "piece of lively play," from romp, v.. From 1706 as "a wanton girl" (probably a variant of ramp, n.2).

Online Etymology Dictionary friar n. late 13c., from Old French frere "brother, friar" (9c., Modern French frère), originally referring to the mendicant orders (Franciscans, Augustines, Dominicans, Carmelites), who reached England early 13c., from Latin frater "brother" (see brother). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion fri·ar \ˈfrī(-ə)r\ noun Etymology: Middle English frere, fryer, from Anglo-French frere, friere, fraire literally, brother, from Latin fratr-, frater — more at brother Date: 13th century : a member of a mendicant order

monk n. Old English munuc "monk" (used also of women), from Proto-Germanic *muniko- (cognates: Old Frisian munek, Middle Dutch monic, Old High German munih, German Mönch), an early borrowing from Vulgar Latin *monicus (source of French moine, Spanish monje, Italian monaco), from Late Latin monachus "monk," originally "religious hermit," from Ecclesiastical Greek monakhos "monk," noun use of a classical Greek adjective meaning "solitary," from monos "alone" (see mono-). For substitution of -o- for -u-, see come. In England, before the Reformation, the term was not applied to the members of the mendicant orders, who were always called friars. From the 16th c. to the 19th c., however, it was usual to speak of the friars as a class of monks. In recent times the distinction between the terms has been carefully observed by well-informed writers. In French and Ger. the equivalent of monk is applied equally to 'monks' and 'friars.' [OED]

phoneme phon·eme / ˈfəuniːm; NAmE ˈfou- / noun (phonetics 语音) any one of the set of smallest units of speech in a language that distinguish one word from another. In English, the / s / in sip and the / z / in zip represent two different phonemes. 音位(区分单词的最小语音单位,英语 sip 中的 s 和 zip 中的 z 是两个不同的音素) • phon·em·ic / fəˈniːmik / adj. ETDict pho.neme `fonim;ˈfouniːm <<名詞>> 『語音學』音位, 音素 JMDict phoneme 音素 おんそ 音韻 おんいん

morpheme mor·pheme / ˈmɔːfiːm; NAmE ˈmɔːrf- / noun (grammar 语法) the smallest unit of meaning that a word can be divided into 词素；语素: The word 'like' contains one morpheme but 'un-like-ly' contains three. like 一词含一个词素,而 un-like-ly 则含三个。 ETDict mor.pheme `mɔrfim;ˈmɔːfiːm <<名詞>> 『語言學』詞位, 形位, 詞素, 語素 JMDict morpheme 形態素 けいたいそ

abstinence ABSTAIN n. mid-14c., "forbearance in indulgence of the appetites," from Old French abstinence (earlier astenance), from Latin abstinentia "abstinence, starvation; self-restraint, integrity," noun of quality from abstinentem (nominative abstinens), present participle of abstinere (see abstain). Specifically of sexual appetites from mid-14c., but also in Middle English of food, fighting, luxury.

mortify v. late 14c., "to kill," from Old French mortefiier "destroy, overwhelm, punish," from Late Latin mortificare "cause death, kill, put to death," literally "make dead," from mortificus "producing death," from Latin mors (genitive mortis) "death" (see mortal, adj.) + root of facere "to make" (see factitious). Religious sense of "to subdue the flesh by abstinence and discipline" first attested early 15c. Sense of "humiliate" first recorded 1690s (compare mortification). Related: Mortified; mortifying.

as·pect \ˈas-ˌpekt\ noun Etymology: Middle English, from Latin aspectus, from aspicere to look at, from ad- + specere to look — more at spy Date: 14th century 1. a. : the position of planets or stars with respect to one another held by astrologers to influence human affairs; also : the apparent position (as conjunction) of a body in the solar system with respect to the sun b. : a position facing a particular direction : exposure <the house has a southern aspect> c. : the manner of presentation of a plane to a fluid through which it is moving or to a current 2. a. (1) : appearance to the eye or mind (2) : a particular appearance of countenance : mien b. : a particular status or phase in which something appears or may be regarded <studied every aspect of the question> 3. archaic : an act of looking : gaze 4. a. : the nature of the action of a verb as to its beginning, duration, completion, or repetition and without reference to its position in time b. : a set of inflected verb forms that indicate aspect • as·pec·tu·al \a-ˈspek-chə(-wə)l, -chü(-ə)l\ adjective

mor·bid \ˈmȯr-bəd\ adjective Etymology: Latin morbidus diseased, from morbus disease Date: 1656 1. a. : of, relating to, or characteristic of disease <morbid anatomy> b. : affected with or induced by disease <a morbid condition> c. : productive of disease <morbid substances> 2. : abnormally susceptible to or characterized by gloomy or unwholesome feelings 3. : grisly, gruesome <morbid details> <morbid curiosity> • mor·bid·ly adverb • mor·bid·ness noun mor·bid /ˈmoɚbəd/ adj [more ~; most ~] 1 : relating to unpleasant subjects (such as death) She has a morbid interest in funerals. He has a morbid sense of humor. a morbid fascination with death wanting to learn about a celebrity's downfall out of morbid curiosity 2 technical : not healthy or normal suffering from a morbid condition morbid obesity The child has a morbid fear/horror of snakes. mor·bid·ly adv She was morbidly fascinated with death. morbidly obese

Remuneration MUNUS=DUTY, SERVICE

munus (plural munia) "service performed for the community, duty, work," also "public spectacle paid for by the magistrate, (gladiatorial) entertainment, gift," from Old Latin moenus "service, duty, burden," from PIE *moi-n-es-, generally taken as a suffixed form of root *mei- (1) "to change, go, move" (Watkins; see mutable); but Tucker says "more probably" from the other PIE root *mei- meaning "bind," so that munia = "obligations" and communis = "bound together."

murky adj 昏暗的；浑浊的；朦胧的＝hazy 【记】murk（n 黑暗），mur墙，在监狱的墙里面－昏暗的 【反】lucid（adj 明晰的）；limpid（adj 清澈的）；pellucid（adj 透明的）；clear（adj 清楚的） 牛津高阶英汉双解 第7版 （OALD8风格排版） MELAN=BLACK MELANCHOLY, MELANIN ALB=WHITE ALBINO, ALBUMEN, Albuquerque city in New Mexico, U.S., founded 1706 and named for Spanish administrator and viceroy of Mexico Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, Duque de Alburquerque (1617-1676); name altered by association with Portuguese soldier Alfonso de Albuquerque (1453-1515), both named from Alburquerque, a town in Spain close to the Portuguese border, meaning "white oak;" ultimately from Latin albus "white" and quercus "oak."

murk n. c.1300, myrke, from Old Norse myrkr "darkness," from Proto-Germanic *merkwjo- (cognates: Old English mirce "murky, black, dark; murkiness, darkness," Danish mǿrk "darkness," Old Saxon mirki "dark"); cognate with Old Church Slavonic mraku, Serbo-Croatian mrak, Russian mrak "darkness;" Lithuanian merkti "shut the eyes, blink," from PIE *mer- "to flicker" (see morn). Murk Monday was long the name in Scotland for the great solar eclipse of March 29, 1652 (April 8, New Style). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion murk \ˈmərk\ noun Etymology: Middle English mirke, probably from Old Norse myrkr darkness; akin to Old English mirce gloom Date: before 12th century : gloom, darkness; also : fog

votary votive VOW n. 1540s, "one consecrated by a vow," from Latin votum "a promise to a god; that which is promised" (see vow, n.) + -ary. Originally "a monk or nun," general sense of "ardent devotee of some aim or pursuit" is from 1591 (in Shakespeare, originally in reference to love). Related: Votaress. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion vo·ta·ry \ˈvō-tə-rē\ noun (plural -ries) Etymology: Latin votum vow Date: 1546 1. archaic : a sworn adherent 2. a. : enthusiast, devotee b. : a devoted admirer 3. a. : a devout or zealous worshipper b. : a staunch believer or advocate

mutilation. Maim, mangle INJURE, HARM. n. 1520s, in Scots law, "act of disabling or wounding a limb," from Middle French mutilation and directly from Late Latin mutilationem (nominative mutilatio), noun of action from past participle stem of Latin mutilare "to cut or lop off," from mutilus "maimed," which perhaps is cognate with Greek mytilos "hornless." Of things, "a destroying of unity by damaging or removing a part," from 1630s. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion

mendicant (adj.) Look up mendicant at Dictionary.com late 14c., from Latin mendicantem (nominative mendicans) present participle of mendicare "to beg, ask alms," from mendicus "beggar," originally "cripple" (connection via cripples who must beg), from menda "fault, physical defect" (see mendacious). As an adjective from 1540s. Also in Middle English was mendinant (mid-14c.), from Old French mendinant, present participle of mendiner "to beg," from the same Latin source. mendicant (n.) Look up mendicant at Dictionary.com "a beggar," mid-15c., from mendicant (adj.) or from Latin mendicantem (nominative mendicans), noun use of present participle of mendicare.

n. Function: noun plural Synonyms: DONATION, benefaction, beneficence, charity, contribution, offering

episcopal epis·cop·al / iˈpiskəpl / adjective 1. connected with a bishop or bishops 主教的: episcopal power 主教管辖权 2. (usually Episcopal) (also Epis·co·pa·lian) (of a Christian Church 基督教) that is governed by bishops 主教制的: the Episcopal Church (= the Anglican Church in Scotland and the US) (苏格兰和美国的)圣公会 ETDict

palm sunday Palm Sunday\ In Christianity, the first day of Holy Week and the Sunday before Easter, commemorating Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem. It usually includes a procession of members of the congregation carrying palms, representing the palm branches the crowd scattered in front of Jesus as he rode into the city. The liturgy also includes readings recounting the suffering and death of Jesus. Palm Sunday was celebrated in Jerusalem as early as the 4th cent. and in the West by the 8th cent.

per·pe·trate. PETERE=TO SEEK, GO TO, AIM AT AS IN PETITION, PETULANT, PROPITIATE, CENTRIPETAL \ˈpər-pə-ˌtrāt\ transitive verb (-trat·ed ; -trat·ing) Etymology: Latin perpetratus, past participle of perpetrare, from per- through + patrare to accomplish, from pater father — more at father Date: 1537 1. : to bring about or carry out (as a crime or deception) : commit 2. : to produce, perform, or execute (something likened to a crime) <perpetrate a pun> • per·pe·tra·tion \ˌpər-pə-ˈtrā-shən\ noun • per·pe·tra·tor \ˈpər-pə-ˌtrā-tər\ noun

perpetrate ['pəːpɪtreɪt] verb [with obj.] carry out or commit (a harmful, illegal, or immoral action) a crime has been perpetrated against a sovereign state DERIVATIVES perpetration noun perpetrator noun ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: from Latin perpetrat- 'performed', from the verb perpetrare, from per- 'to completion' + patrare 'bring about'. In Latin the act perpetrated might be good or bad; in English the verb was first used in the statutes referring to crime, hence the negative association USAGE The words perpetrate and perpetuate are sometimes confused. Perpetrate means 'commit a harmful, illegal, or immoral action', as in a crime has been perpetrated against a sovereign state, whereas perpetuate means 'make something continue indefinitely', as in a monument to perpetuate the memory of those killed in the war

patrician (n.) ROMAN SENETORS=FATHERLY DIGNITY Look up patrician at Dictionary.com early 15c., "member of the ancient Roman noble order," from Middle French patricien, from Latin patricius "of the rank of the nobles, of the senators; of fatherly dignity," from patres conscripti "Roman senators," literally "fathers," plural of pater "father" (see father (n.)). Contrasted, in ancient Rome, with plebeius. Applied to noble citizens and higher orders of free folk in medieval Italian and German cities (sense attested in English from 1610s); hence "nobleman, aristocrat" in a modern sense (1630s). As an adjective, attested from 1610s, from the noun.

plebeian (adj.) Look up plebeian at Dictionary.com "of or characteristic of the lower class," 1560s in a Roman historical sense, from Latin plebeius "belonging to the plebs," earlier plebes, "the populace, the common people" (as opposed to patricians, etc.), also "commonality; the mass, the multitude; the lower class," from PIE *ple- (see pleio-). In general (non-historical) use from 1580s.

VILE, VICE RILE, ROIL,

roil \ˈrȯi(-ə)l, vt 2 is also ˈrī(-ə)l\ verb Etymology: origin unknown Date: 1590 transitive verb 1. a. : to make turbid by stirring up the sediment or dregs of b. : to stir up : disturb, disorder <changes that have roiled the country> 2. : rile 1 intransitive verb : to move turbulently <a roiling sea> : be in a state of turbulence or agitation <conflicting emotions roiling inside her>

whey whey / wei / noun [U] the thin liquid that is left from sour milk after the solid part (called curds ) has been removed 乳清,乳水(酸奶中的凝乳去掉后剩下的含水成分) ETDict whey hwe,we;wei,hwei <<名詞>> 乳漿, 乳清 JMDict whey 乳清 にゅうせい whey /weɪ/ noun WHEY/CURD CONDUSABLES WHEY WHET [uncountable] the thin liquid that is left from sour milk after the solid part (called curd) has been removed 新牛津英语大词典 第二版

serum serum / ˈsiərəm; NAmE ˈsirəm / noun (pl. sera / -rə / or ser·ums) 1. [U] (biology 生) the thin liquid that remains from blood when the rest has clotted 血清 2. [U, C] (medical 医) serum taken from the blood of an animal and given to people to protect them from disease, poison, etc. 免疫血清: snakebite serum 抗蛇毒血清 3. [U] any liquid like water in body tissue 浆液(体液的水样部份) ETDict se.rum `sɪrəm;ˈsiərəm <<名詞>> pl. se.rums, se.rum.ra 1『生理』漿液, 血清 2『醫』免疫血清 3『植』樹液

sheath SHED n. Old English sceað, scæð, from Proto-Germanic *skaithiz (cognates: Old Saxon scethia, Old Norse skeiðir (plural), Old Frisian skethe, Middle Dutch schede, Dutch schede, Old High German skaida, German scheide "a sheath, scabbard"), according to OED, possibly from root *skei- "divide, split" (see shed, v.) on notion of a split stick with the sword blade inserted. Meaning "condom" is recorded from 1861; sense of "close-fitting dress or skirt" is attested from 1904. shear v. Old English sceran, scieran (class IV strong verb; past tense scear, past participle scoren) "to cleave, hew, cut with a sharp instrument; cut (hair); shear (sheep)," from Proto-Germanic *sker- "to cut" (cognates: Old Norse and Old Frisian skera, Dutch scheren, German scheren "to shear"), from PIE *(s)ker- (1) "to cut, to scrape, to hack" (cognates: Sanskrit krnati "hurts, wounds, kills," krntati "cuts;" Hittite karsh- "to cut off;" Greek keirein "to cut, shear;" Latin curtus "short;" Lithuanian skiriu "to separate;" Old Irish scaraim "I separate;" Welsh ysgar "to separate," ysgyr "fragment"). n. "act of clipping," 1610s, also as a unit of measure of the age of a sheep, from shear, v.. Scientific and mechanical sense "type of strain" is from 1850.

sheer. Diaphanous adj. c.1200, "exempt, free from guilt" (as in Sheer Thursday, the Thursday of Holy Week); later schiere "thin, sparse" (c.1400), from Old English scir "bright, clear, gleaming; translucent; pure, unmixed," and influenced by Old Norse cognate scær "bright, clean, pure," both from Proto-Germanic *skeran- (cognates: Old Saxon skiri, Old Frisian skire, German schier, Gothic skeirs "clean, pure"), from PIE root *(s)ker- (1) "to cut" (see shear, v.). Sense of "absolute, utter" (sheer nonsense) developed 1580s, probably from the notion of "unmixed;" that of "very steep" (a sheer cliff) is first recorded 1800, probably from notion of "continued without halting." Meaning "diaphanous" is from 1560s. As an adverb from c.1600. v. 1620s, "deviate from course" (of a ship), of obscure origin, perhaps from Dutch scheren "to move aside, withdraw, depart," originally "to separate" (see shear, v.). Related: Sheered; shearing. As a noun from 1660s.

rose-col·ored (US) ( or Brit rose-col·oured) /ˈroʊzˌkʌlɚd/ adj 1 : having a pink color a rose-colored wine 2 : tending to think of things as being better than they really are They always take a rose-colored view of the problem. ◇ If you see or view something through rose-colored glasses/spectacles, you think of it as being better than it really is. He looks at the world through rose-colored glasses. [=he looks at the world in an overly optimistic way]

spec·ta·cle \ˈspek-ti-kəl also -ˌti-kəl\ noun Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin spectaculum, from spectare to watch, frequentative of specere to look, look at — more at spy Date: 14th century 1. a. : something exhibited to view as unusual, notable, or entertaining; especially : an eye-catching or dramatic public display b. : an object of curiosity or contempt <made a spectacle of herself> 2. plural : glasses 3. : something (as natural markings on an animal) suggesting a pair of glasses

abscess. GO AWAY n. 1610s, from Latin abscessus "an abscess" (Celsus), literally "a going away," from stem of abscedere "withdraw, depart, retire," from ab- "away" (see ab-) + cedere "to go" (see cede). The notion is that humors "go from" the body through the pus in the swelling. Online Etymology Dictionary pus n. late 14c., from Latin pus "pus, matter from a sore;" figuratively "bitterness, malice" (related to puter "rotten" and putere "to stink"), from PIE *pu- (2) "to rot, decay" (cognates: Sanskrit puyati "rots, stinks," putih "stinking, foul, rotten;" Greek puon "discharge from a sore," pythein "to cause to rot;" Lithuanian puviu "to rot;" Gothic fuls, Old English ful "foul"), perhaps originally echoic of a natural exclamation of disgust.

suppurate v. early 15c., from Latin suppuratus, past participle of suppurare "form or discharge pus" (see suppuration). Related: Suppurated; suppurating. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion sup·pu·rate \ˈsə-pyə-ˌrāt\ intransitive verb (-rat·ed ; -rat·ing) Etymology: Latin suppuratus, past participle of suppurare, from sub- + pur-, pus pus — more at foul Date: 1656 : to form or discharge pus • sup·pu·ra·tion \ˌsə-pyə-ˈrā-shən\ noun • sup·pu·ra·tive \ˈsə-pyə-rə-tiv, -ˌrā-; ˈsə-prə-tiv\ adjective ex·u·date I. \ˈeksəˌdāt, -k(ˌ)süˌ- sometimes -ksyə- or -ks(ˌ)yü-; ˈegzəˌ-, -g(ˌ)züˌ- sometimes -gzyə- or -gz(ˌ)yü-\ verb (-ed/-ing/-s) Etymology: Latin exsudatus, exudatus, past participle of exsudare, exudare — more at exude archaic : exude II. noun (-s) Etymology: exude + -ate (n. suffix) : exuded matter; specifically : the material composed of serum, fibrin, and white blood cells in variable amounts that escapes from blood vessels into a superficial lesion or an area of inflammation

spent \ˈspent\ adjective Etymology: Middle English, from past participle of spenden to spend Date: 15th century 1. a. : used up : consumed b. : exhausted of active or required components or qualities often for a particular purpose <spent nuclear fuel> 2. : drained of energy or effectiveness : exhausted 3. : exhausted of spawn or sperm <spent fishes>

tan·bark \ˈtan-ˌbärk\ noun Date: 1799 1. : a bark rich in tannin bruised or cut into small pieces and used in tanning 2. : a surface (as a circus ring) covered with spent tanbark

wart n. Old English weart "wart," from Proto-Germanic *warton- (cognates: Old Norse varta, Old Frisian warte, Dutch wrat, Old High German warza, German warze "wart"), from PIE root *wer- (1) "high, raised spot on the body, or other bodily infirmity" (cognates: Latin verruca "swelling, wart;" see vary). Phrase warts and all "without concealment of blemishes" is attested from 1763, supposedly from Oliver Cromwell's instruction to his portrait painter.

thirty years' war Thirty Years' War\ Series of intermittent conflicts in Europe fought for various reasons, incl. religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. The overall war was mainly a struggle between the Habsburg-controlled Holy Roman Empire and the Protestant principalities that relied on the chief anti-Catholic powers of Sweden and the Netherlands. It also involved the rivalry of France with the Habsburg powers, which formed anti-French alliances. The conflicts began in 1618 when the future emperor Ferdinand II tried to impose Roman Catholicism on his domains and the Protestant nobles rebelled; the war was sparked by the Defenestration of Prague. The battlefield centered on the principalities in Germany, which suffered severely from plundering armies. Early successes by the Catholic League were countered by military gains by Sweden. When the bloodshed ended with the Peace of Westphalia (1648), the balance of power in Europe had been radically changed. France emerged as the chief Western power and states of the Holy Roman Empire were granted full sovereignty, establishing a framework for a modern Europe of sovereign states. WordNet3.0_v2

torso n. 1797, from Italian torso "trunk of a statue," originally "stalk, stump," from Vulgar Latin *tursus, from Latin thyrsus "stalk, stem," from Greek thyrsos (see thyrsus).

thyrsus n. 1590s, from Latinized form of Greek thyrsos, literally "stalk or stem of a plant," a non-Greek word of unknown origin. The staff or spear, tipped with an ornament like a pine cone and sometimes wreathed in ivy and vine branches, borne by Dionysus and his votaries. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion thyr·sus \ˈthər-səs\ noun (plural thyr·si \-ˌsī, -ˌsē\) Etymology: Latin, from Greek thyrsos Date: 1591 : a staff surmounted by a pinecone or by a bunch of vine or ivy leaves with grapes or berries that is carried by Bacchus and by satyrs and others engaging in bacchic rites

triad Triad\ Term used variously for secret societies in Qing-dynasty China (and sometimes earlier), for modern Chinese crime gangs, and for crime gangs of other Asian nationals operating in their own countries or abroad. A secret society with the name Triad started operating in the early 19th cent. in S China, where it took root and spread. In the 1850s Triad rebellions threatened Shanghai and Xiamen (Amoy) and contributed to the revolution of 1911. Chinese secret societies have in common the swearing of an oath to join, strict rules, a family relationship among members, the duty of mutual help, a hierarchy of functions, and hereditary membership within families. 三合会，又称洪门三合会，为历史上著名的反清秘密组织，始于清朝康熙、雍正年间。现在实质上的三合会已经不存在，由于很多华人黑社会组织根源都可以追溯到清朝的洪门三合会，因此现在一般用来泛指由华人组成的黑社会犯罪组织。

triad ['trʌɪad] noun 1. a group or set of three related people or things the triad of medication, diet, and exercise are necessary in diabetes care ■ a chord of three musical notes, consisting of a given note with the third and fifth above it ■ a Welsh form of literary composition with an arrangement of subjects or statements in groups of three 2. (also Triad) a secret society originating in China, typically involved in organized crime ■ a member of such a society DERIVATIVES triadic adjective (only in sense 1)ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: from French triade, or via late Latin from Greek trias, triad-, from treis 'three'. Sense 2 is a translation of Chinese San Ho Hui, literally ' three unite society', i.e. 'triple union society', said to mean 'the union of Heaven, Earth, and Man'

Alma Mater n. late 14c., Latin, literally "bountiful mother," a title Romans gave to goddesses, especially Ceres and Cybele, from alma, fem. of almus "nourishing," from alere "to nourish" (see old) + mater "mother" (see mother, n.1). First used 1710 in sense of "one's university or school" in reference to British universities. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion al·ma ma·ter \ˌal-mə-ˈmä-tər\ noun Etymology: Latin, fostering mother Date: 1651 1. : a school, college, or university which one has attended or from which one has graduated 2. : the song or hymn of a school, college, or university

tutelary. TUTOR adj. 1610s, from Late Latin tutelarius "a guardian," from Latin tutela "protection, watching" (see tutor, n.). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary 11th Edtion tu·te·lary I. \ˈtü-tə-ˌler-ē, ˈtyü-\ adjective Date: 1611 1. : having the guardianship of a person or a thing <a tutelary goddess> 2. : of or relating to a guardian II. noun (plural -lar·ies) Date: 1652 : a tutelary power (as a deity) bounty n. mid-13c., "generosity," from Old French bonte "goodness" (12c., Modern French bonté), from Latin bonitatem (nominative bonitas) "goodness," from bonus "good" (see bene-). Sense of "gift bestowed by a sovereign or the state" led to extended senses of "gratuity to a military recruit" (1702) and "reward for killing or taking a criminal or enemy" (1764). I do ... promise, that there shall be paid ... the following several and respective premiums and Bounties for the prisoners and Scalps of the Enemy Indians that shall be taken or killed .... ["Papers of the Governor of Pennsylvania," 1764] boun·ti·ful \ˈbau̇n-ti-fəl\ adjective Date: 1508 1. : liberal in bestowing gifts or favors 2. : given or provided abundantly <a bountiful harvest> Synonyms: see liberal • boun·ti·ful·ly \-f(ə-)lē\ adverb • boun·ti·ful·ness \-fəl-nəs\ noun

dis·pir·it·ing /dıˈspirətıŋ/ adj [more ~; most ~] : causing a loss of hope or enthusiasm It was very dispiriting [=discouraging, disheartening] to lose yet another game. a dispiriting failure

un·der·play /ˌʌndɚˈpleı/ verb , -plays, -played, -play·ing [ + obj ] 1 : to make (something) seem less important than it actually is : to give too little attention to (something) Don't underplay the importance of exercise. She often underplays [=downplays] her abilities. — opposite overplay 2 disapproving : to show too little emotion when acting in a play, movie, etc. I thought she underplayed her character.

Teutonic Teut·on·ic / tjuːˈtɔnik; NAmE tuːˈtɑːnik / adjective [usually before noun] (informal, often disapproving) showing qualities considered typical of German people 德意志民族特点的；日耳曼人风格的: The preparations were made with Teutonic thoroughness. 各项准备工作均以日耳曼人缜密的精神完成。

van·dal \ˈvan-dəl\ noun Etymology: Latin Vandalii (plural), of Germanic origin Date: 1530 1. capitalized : a member of a Germanic people who lived in the area south of the Baltic Sea between the Vistula and the Oder rivers, overran Gaul, Spain, and northern Africa in the fourth and fifth centuries A.D., and in 455 sacked Rome 2. : one who willfully or ignorantly destroys, damages, or defaces property belonging to another or to the public • vandal adjective, often capitalized • Van·dal·ic \van-ˈda-lik\ adjective

vi·ti·ate. FROM VICE \ˈvi-shē-ˌāt\ transitive verb (-at·ed ; -at·ing) Etymology: Latin vitiatus, past participle of vitiare, from vitium fault, vice Date: 1534 1. : to make faulty or defective : impair <the comic impact is vitiated by obvious haste — William Styron> 2. : to debase in moral or aesthetic status <a mind vitiated by prejudice> 3. : to make ineffective <fraud vitiates a contract> Synonyms: see debase • vi·ti·a·tion \ˌvi-shē-ˈā-shən\ noun • vi·ti·a·tor \ˈvi-shē-ˌā-tər\ noun

vitiate (v.) Look up vitiate at Dictionary.com 1530s, from Latin vitiatus, past participle of vitiare "to make faulty, injure, spoil, corrupt," from vitium "fault, defect, blemish, crime, vice" (see vice (n.1)). Related: Vitiated; vitiating. VICE, VILE, VITIATE

Synonyms: clear, transparent, translucent, limpid mean capable of being seen through. clear implies absence of cloudiness, haziness, or muddiness <clear water> transparent implies being so clear that objects can be seen distinctly <a transparent sheet of film> translucent implies the passage of light but not a clear view of what lies beyond <translucent frosted glass> limpid suggests the soft clearness of pure water <her eyes were limpid pools of blue> Synonyms: clear, perspicuous, lucid mean quickly and easily understood. clear implies freedom from obscurity, ambiguity, or undue complexity <clear instructions> perspicuous applies to a style that is simple and elegant as well as clear <a perspicuous style> lucid suggests a clear logical coherence and evident order of arrangement <a lucid explanation> Synonym: see in addition evident. II. adverb Date: 14th century 1. : in a clear manner <to cry loud and clear> 2. : all the way <drove clear across the state> III. transitive verb

wear•a•ble /ˈwɛrəbl/ adjective (of clothes, etc.) pleasant and comfortable to wear; suitable to be worn The new styles are very smart and very wearable.

GI /ˌdʒi ˈaɪ/ noun, abbreviation noun (pl. GIs) a soldier in the U.S. armed forces abbreviation glycemic index(= a system for measuring the effect of foods containing carbohydrates on the level of sugar in the blood) The diet is based mainly on low GI foods. 新牛津英语大词典 第二版 GI noun (pl. GIs) a private soldier in the US army ORIGIN 1930s (originally denoting equipment supplied to US forces): abbreviation of government (or general) issue

韦氏第3版新国际英语足本词典.2003 ben·e·fac·tion \ˈbenəˌfakshən, ˌ ̷ ̷ ̷ ̷ˈ ̷ ̷ ̷ ̷\ noun (-s) Etymology: Late Latin benefaction- benefactio, from Latin benefactus, past participle of benefacere to do good to (from bene well + facere to make, do) + -ion, -io -ion — more at bounty, do 1. : an act or action of doing good especially by generous donation < the benefactions of the American GIs to the ... children of Korea — Hartford (Conn.) Times > 2. : a charitable donation : grant, gift < this benefaction totals almost $5 million — Americana Annual >