My Permit Test

At intersections with traffic control lights,

wait until the intersection is clear of traffic or approaching traffic before entering. Do not proceed "just because" you have the green light;

When making a left turn at an intersection, or into an alley or driveway,

yield the right- of-way to all traffic coming from the opposite direction

If you are about to enter or cross a highway from an alley, private road or highway,

you must stop and yield the right-of-way to all other pedestrians and vehicles already trav- eling on the roadway or sidewalk you are entering or crossing;

Important Reminders Concerning Bicycle Riders

• At intersections, wait until the bicyclist is out of the intersection before making a turn; • When passing a bicyclist, slow down and make sure the rider is aware of your presence. Leave at least three feet between the bicycle and your vehicle and only pass when it is safe to do so. If there is not enough room to pass because of oncoming traffic, wait until conditions are safe for passing; • Watch for bicyclists who may appear to sud- denly swerve or turn in front of you. Bicy- clists sometimes forget or do not have the opportunity to merge left due to traffic speed, in order to be in the left turn position.; • Night time bicyclists will not always have lights, and some may not even have reflectors. If you meet an oncoming bicyclist, please dim your lights to avoid blinding the bicyclist. • Bike lanes and any other bicycle infrastruc- ture are for the use of bicycles only. Motorists are not to drive or park in a bike lane. • Bicyclists are able to pass on the right side of motorists if there is a dedicated lane or sufficient room in a shared lane, and it is safe to do so.

Backing Up

• Before backing, check all sides of your vehicle to make sure it is safe to do so. You should turn your head and look over your right shoulder while backing; do not depend on your mirrors; • For buses and large vehicles, the driver should use all mirrors and utilize a reliable person to observe and direct while backing the vehicle.

7 Steps for Safety at Highway- Rail Grade Crossings:

1. Approach with care. 2. Prepare to stop. 3. Look both ways and listen carefully. 4. If it won't fit, don't commit. Do not enter a crossing unless you can drive completely through without stopping! 5. Look again. 6. Cross tracks with care. 7. Keep going once you start. If your vehicle stalls on the tracks, do the following: Get out immediately • Move away • Locate Emergency Notification Systems (ENS) sign containing emergency contact information. • Call for help! Tell them a vehicle is on the tracks

Passing Motorcyclists

A motorcyclist legally occupies the full width of a single lane when traveling. When passing a motorcyclist, a driver must pass in an adjacent lane. Drivers are not permitted to occupy the same lane as a motorcyclist while passing them

Skidding

A car skids when its tires lose their grip on the road surface. When a car skids, both the power that the engine sends to the wheels and the braking ability of the wheels are lost. Slick surfaces can exaggerate normal movements. If brakes are applied too hard, or the wheel is turned too sharp, a skid can occur. If you start to skid: • easeyourfootoffoftheaccelerator; • beginturningthesteeringwheelinthedirec- tion of the skid; • once you have regained control of the vehicle, you can lightly apply brakes and steer in a safe direction. Remember, the first half-hour of rainfall is the most dangerous because roadways become extremely slippery when the water mixes with oil and other chemicals on the road surfaces.

Aggressive Driving

A person commits the offense of aggres- sive driving when he or she operates any motor vehicle with the intent to annoy, ha- rass, molest, intimidate, injure, or obstruct another person; • Examples of aggressive driving include but are not limited to tailgating, cutting in front of another driver, blocking other drivers from passing or changing lanes, etc. • A conviction for aggressive driving is con- sidered a misdemeanor of a high and ag- gravated nature; • The penalty for committing this violation may include imprisonment, fines, and, if the driver is under 21 years of age, conviction will result in a suspension of all driving privileges

Following Too Closely

A rear-end crash is caused by following an- other vehicle too closely. When following an- other vehicle on any street or highway, there must be enough distance for you to safely stop if the vehicle in front of you suddenly slows down or stops. One way to determine if there is enough distance between your vehicle and the vehicle in front of you is to measure the amount of time between when the vehicle in front of you passes a reference point and when your vehicle passes the same reference point. Watch the car ahead of you. When it passes a reference point, such as a telephone pole or street sign, count "one-thousand-one, one-thousand-two." If you pass the same spot before you are through counting, you are following too closely. During inclement weather, during construction, during heavy traffic, and always at night, the distance between your vehicle and the vehicle in front of you should be even greater

Expressway Driving

An expressway differs from normal roads or highways in that access to it is controlled. Vehicles can only enter and exit the expressway at specific places known as interchanges. Most expressways in Georgia are free, but there are a few that require a toll. With the exception of the controlled enter/ exit points and HOV lanes, expressways are similar to traveling on a divided highway. There is a median separating traffic traveling in op- posite directions; lanes are marked with dashed lines, and the edge of the roadway is marked with a solid line; slower traffic should keep to the right; and all traffic laws and guidelines associated with safe driving still apply

Super Speeder

Any driver convicted of speeding 75 mph or more on a two-lane road or 85 miles per hour or more on any road in Georgia, will be assessed a $200 state fee. The state fee will be in addition to any local fines imposed in the jurisdiction where the speeding offense occurs. Failure to pay the state fee on time will result in a license suspension and additional $50 reinstatement fee

Watching for Pedestrians When Making Turns

At most intersections where there is a pe- destrian signal, the "Walk" signal of the cross- ing street corresponds to the green light of the roadway you are traveling on. This means that when you are authorized to turn, pedestrians are authorized to cross the street onto which you are turning at the same time. Therefore, before making your turn, you must stop and remain stopped for any pedestrians in the crosswalk of the road onto which you wish to turn until they have cleared the lanes of traffic upon which you are traveling

Use turn signals.

Be sure to activate your right or left turn signal to indicate that you are changing lanes BEFORE you begin the maneuver.

Night Driving

Because of decreased vision at night and the glare of oncoming headlights, night driving presents its own unique challenges. Unfamiliar roads and unexpected situations are more like- ly to cause hazardous driving conditions. You can help ensure safe driving in several ways. • Make sure your headlights are working properly and the lenses are kept clean. Pe- riodically have them checked for correct aim/alignment; • Don't "overdrive" your headlights. When traveling at night or in other situations that make the use of headlights necessary for safe travel, do not drive at a speed that requires a stopping time greater than the distance illuminated by your headlights; • Slow down when oncoming traffic is ap- proaching or when you are nearing a curve; • If visibility is greatly reduced, use the edge line as a guide to maintaining your lane of travel. If there is no edge line, use the center line to guide yourself; • Keep your windshield clean; Do not drive if you are tired. More frequent stops, more fresh air, lively radio programs and other measures can help you to avoid drowsiness and inattention; • Watch carefully for highway signs; they are harder to see at night; • Watch carefully for pedestrians and for ve- hicles stopped along the edge of the road; • Do not stop on the roadway.

Turning Right at a Red Traffic Signal

Before turning right on red, drivers must come to a full and complete stop before the crosswalk. Do not block the crosswalk when waiting to make a right turn at a red light. This puts pedestrians at risk, forcing them to walk around your vehicle. After looking to your left to find a gap in traffic, you must look to your passenger side to ensure a pedestrian is not crossing in front of your vehicle

Sharing the Road With Bicycles

Bicycle riding is an important type of trans- portation, particularly for traveling to work and to school. Because bicyclists may be on any road at any time, drivers must always be alert for bicycle traffic.

Passing Bicyclists

Bicyclists have the same rights and responsibilities on the road as motorists. Bicyclists are permitted to travel in the center of the traffic lane if there are safety hazards on the right side of the road (such as parked cars or debris) or if the lane is too narrow for a bicycle and a vehicle to share. Pass bicyclists with caution, treating them as you would any other vehicle and according to Georgia law. The law requires a driver to allow at least three feet between the driver and bicyclist when passing. If it is not safe to leave three feet of space, the driver should wait until it is safe to pass the bicyclist. Bicycle lanes are not passing lanes and should never be used to pass another motor vehicle

Arm Signals Used by Bicyclists

Bicyclists should use their arms to signal to other motorists when they are going to make a turn, and the direction of the turn or when they are slowing or stopping. The signals used by bicyclists are listed

Carbon Monoxide

Cars produce carbon monoxide, a deadly odorless and colorless gas. Symptoms of car- bon monoxide poisoning are sudden weariness, yawning, dizziness, and nausea. Simple precau- tions to avoid carbon monoxide are: • Don't leave the car motor running in a garage; • Don't leave the car motor running and the windows closed while the car is parked; • Don't operate the heater or air conditioner in a parked car with the windows closed; • Don't drive with a defective muffler or ex- haust system. Move a victim of carbon monoxide poisoning to fresh air, contact emergency medical services, and give artificial respiration if it is necessary and you are trained to do so.

Sharing the Road With Commercial Motor Vehicles

Commercial motor vehicles are vital to the economy of Georgia and the United States. Most of the products used in every day life were delivered to stores by commercial motor ve- hicles. Drivers of commercial motor vehicles are trained, specially licensed driving professionals. Sharing the road with commercial motor ve- hicles is a necessary part of travel. Heavy trucks typically weigh 80,000 pounds or more, and driv- ers should use caution when driving near them. Everyone should be aware of the differ- ences between trucks and cars and behave ac- cordingly. These include: • A fully loaded tractor-trailer, traveling 55 mph, needs 3 times the distance a car needs to stop; Large trucks are more difficult to maneuver, are longer and heavier, and require much more room to turn; Large trucks have larger blind spots, called "No-Zones." The "No-Zone" represents the danger areas around trucks and buses where crashes are more likely to occur. Some No-Zones are actual blind spots or areas around trucks and buses where your car "disappears" from the view of the drivers. These blind spots are the Side No- Zone, Rear No-Zone, and Front No-Zone areas.

Crosswalks

Crosswalks exist on all four corners of in- tersections even when they are not marked by painted lines. A crosswalk is the part of the pave- ment for pedestrian traffic where the sidewalk would extend across the street. Crosswalks can also exist mid-block if they are marked

Curves

Curves in a roadway are potential sources of hazard for drivers. Because of the maneuvering involved, it is more likely that a less cautious driver may fail to maintain their lane while driving through a curve. When roadways are slick because of rain or other hazards, curves can be especially dangerous and require much lower speeds than when the road is dry. Sharper curves are usually marked with a safe miles- per-hour sign. Usually less than the posted speed limit, these advisory signs indicate that the reduced speed shown will make driving through a curve safer. Reduce your speed before entering these curves. If, while driving through the curve, you realize that you are traveling too fast, do not forcefully apply brakes because this may cause your vehicle to skid. Instead, take your foot off the accelerator, carefully apply the brake, and continue steering in the lane of travel.

Entering the Car

Develop a routine for entering the car safely and preparing for your trip. If you are parked on the street, enter from the curb side of the vehicle. If this is not possible, wait until your entry can be made with reasonable safety and without interfering with the flow of traffic; • Have your keys ready, and approach the ve- hicle facing traffic; • Adjust your seat and mirrors; • Checkpassengerstobesuretheyareproperly seated and do not interfere with your view; • Before starting your ignition, fasten your seat belt and make sure your passengers do the same; • After starting your vehicle, check around your vehicle for hazards or approaching traf- fic, including bicyclists and pedestrians, give the proper signal and move cautiously into the stream of traffic.

Distracted Driving

Distracted driving is one of the fastest grow- ing safety issues. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHT- SA), 3,166 people were killed on U.S. roadways in 2017 because of distracted drivers. Distracted driving is doing another activity while driving. This takes the driver's attention away from the primary task of driving and increases the risk of crashing. Common distractions include but are not limited to talking on a cell phone, tex- ting, reading, eating, grooming, using a navi- gation device, and adjusting the stereo system. The presence of a passengers and pets can also increase crash risk. Georgia law requires driv- ers to exercise due care in operating a motor ve- hicle and prohibits any action that distracts the driver from the safe operation of such vehicle

Aiding the Injured

Do not assume that a person is not injured simply because that person says he/she is not. Send for professional help as soon as possible. Unskilled handling can cause further and more severe injuries. Do not move or lift the victim unless it is absolutely necessary. If the victim is moved, get help and try to maintain the vic- tim in the position in which they were found. Stop serious bleeding with thick cloth pads, as clean as possible, applied with pressure by hand. Keep the victim warm. Cover the victim with blankets or coats, if necessary. Georgia has a Good Samaritan Law. This law holds any person harmless for civil dam- ages arising as a result of any act or omission in rendering emergency care.

U-Turns

Do not make a U-turn on a curve or near the top of a hill if you cannot be seen by other driv- ers approaching from either direction. Do not make a U-turn where signs prohibit doing so

Driving Too Slowly

Drivers are prohibited from driving a mo- tor vehicle at such a slow speed as to impede the normal and reasonable movement of traf- fic except when a reduced speed is necessary for safe operation. On roads with two or more lanes, drivers cannot continue to operate a mo- tor vehicle in the passing lane if that driver is being overtaken by a motor vehicle traveling at a higher rate of speed from behind. Penalties include fines up to $1000 and/or 3 points on the driving record. When there are two or more lanes for traffic moving in the same direction, slower vehicles should use the right lane except when pass- ing or making a left turn. Driving too slowly is dangerous because it impedes the regular flow of traffic. Minimum speed limits are posted on certain highways. If you are unable to drive at the minimum speed, you should seek an al- ternate route.

Use of Lanes on Expressways

Drivers operating vehicles on divided high- ways must drive to the right of the median un- less directed to do otherwise by a sign, traffic control device, or police officer. Drivers must obey the yellow or white striping on the roadway that indicates lanes, the convergence of lanes, or areas in which vehicles should not operate. Drivers may only access or exit controlled-access roadways at designated entrances and exits.

Don't back up.

Driving in reverse on an ex- pressway is prohibited under any circum- stances

Deer-Automobile Crashes

Each year, deer cause thousands of crashes in Georgia. Understanding common habits of deer and knowing what to do when a deer runs out in front of the car can help to avoid serious crashes. Automobile crash data from the Geor- gia Department of Transportation indicate that though deer-automobile crashes are on the rise, they still account for less than six percent of automobile crashes reported each year. It is important to remember that deer are wild animals and their actions are unpredictable. The deer you see calmly standing on the side of the road may bolt toward the road rather than away from it if startled by a car. Follow these guidelines to minimize the chances of a crash with a deer: • In areas with known deer populations, driv- ers should constantly scan the road and road shoulders for deer movements and sightings; • Always slow down when a deer crosses the road in front of you or another car. Deer usu- ally travel in groups and it is likely that there is another one following closely behind; • If a deer is spotted on the road or roadside at night, the driver should slow down immedi- ately, blink his/her headlights and switch to low beam so as not to blind the deer; • Also, short horn blasts may help scare the deer from the road. Should the deer or other animal run out in front of your car, slow down as much as pos- sible to minimize the damage of a crash. Never swerve to avoid a deer. This action may cause you to strike another vehicle or leave the road- way, causing more damage or serious injuries. If you do have a crash, police should be alerted as soon as possible. Most insurance companies will require an accident report from the police before paying claims for this type of crash. Deer are usually seen along the roadside during the early morning hours and late eve- ning. Drivers should be alert for deer during these peak hours. Deer are most active in the fall months of October, November and December during the peak breeding season. Late February and early March are also critical months for deer- car crashes. During this period they concentrate along road shoulders to feed on new green food available following winter. However, deer are often spotted at midday during summer months. Therefore, it is important for drivers to remain cautious when traveling on rural roads or areas known to have a high deer population.

Hands Free Georgia Law (HB 673)

Effective July 1, 2018, pursuant to 40-6-241(c), all drivers operating a motor vehicle on any highway of this state are prohibited from: • Holding or supporting, with any part of the body, a wireless telecommunications device or stand-alone electronic device. • Writing, sending or reading any text-based communication, including a text message, instant message, e-mail or internet data. • Watching, recording, or broadcasting a video or movie. Penalties: • 1st conviction - 1 point and fine not more than $50.00 • 2nd conviction - 2 points and fine not more than $100.00 • 3rd or more convictions - 3 points and fine nor more than $150.00

Safety Restraints for Children

Every driver transporting a child who is under eight years of age, except in a taxicab or public transit vehicle, must properly re- strain the child in a child passenger restrain- ing system appropriate for the child's height and weight. The restraint system must com- ply with the United States Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 213. Under limited circumstances, a child under eight may be exempt from this requirement. For further information, contact the Governor's Office of Highway Safety - http://www.gahighwaysafety.org.

Obey Flaggers

Flaggers are people used to direct traffic through and around work zones. In a work zone, a flagger has the same authority as a regulatory sign. Do not disobey a flagger's traffic control directions.

Reduce Your Speed in work zones

For safety reasons, the speed limit in most work zones is reduced. If the speed limit is not reduced in a work zone, drivers should obey the normal posted speed limit for the road on which they are traveling, but be more cautious of road conditions, lane position, and the presence of workers. Advisory speed limits are used to identify safe speeds for specific conditions within a work zone. These black and orange signs are always used with warning signs. Official speed limit reduction requirements will be indicated with the standard black and white speed limit signs. Motorists who disobey regulatory speed limits in a work zone may be found guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature and will be punished by a fine of not less than $100.00 nor more than $2,000.00, or by imprisonment for a term not to exceed 12 months, or both.

Implied Consent

Georgia law requires you to submit to state administered chemical tests of your blood, breath, urine, or other bodily substances for the purpose of determining if you are under the influence of alcohol or drugs. If you refuse this testing, your Georgia driver's license or privilege to drive on the highways of this state will be suspended for a minimum period of one year. Your refusal to submit to blood or urine testing may be offered into evidence at trial. If you submit to testing and the results indicate a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at or above the legal limit, your Georgia driver's license or privilege to drive on the highways of this state may be suspended for a minimum period of one year. After first submitting to the required state tests, you are entitled to additional chemi- cal tests of your blood, breath, urine, or other bodily substances at your own expense and from qualified personnel of your own choosing

Safety Belts

Georgia law states that each occupant in the front seat of a passenger vehicle traveling on Georgia roads and highways must be secured by a seat safety belt (lap and shoulder). All oc- cupants of any passenger vehicle must utilize a seat safety belt if they are under the age of 18. Safety belts are needed because they are the most effective occupant protection in all types of vehicle crashes. According to Crash Stats from the National Highway Traffic Safety Admin- istration, seat belts saved 12,802 lives in 2014. Georgia Department of Transportation reports that the risk of fatality in a crash is reduced by about 45% when seat belts are used. Using safety belts correctly is a preventable health care habit that: • helps you keep control of the vehicle; • helps keep your head from striking the dash or windshield; • helps keep people in the vehicle from hitting each other; • helps spread the crash force across the stron- ger parts of the body; • helps protect you from injury; • helps keep you from being ejected from the vehicle. When used correctly, safety belts are effective at helping reduce the risk of death or serious injury. Georgia has a "primary" safety belt law, meaning that officers may stop and cite violators without observing another violation.

Steering

Good posture while driving is important because it allows a better view of hazards and more control of the vehicle. As a general rule, when gripping the steering wheel, place your left hand at the 9 o'clock position and your right hand at the 3 o'clock position on the wheel. Some manufacturers recommend placing your hands at 8 o'clock and 4 o'clock positions when the vehicle is equipped with air bags. Check your owner's manual or contact your vehicle manu- facturer to determine which position is best for your vehicle. Always keep both hands on the wheel unless you are safely performing another driving-related task, such as activating your turn

HOT Lanes

High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes are I-85 Express Lanes that allow registered transit, three or more person carpool, motorcycles, emergency vehicles, and Alternative Fuel Vehicles to use the lanes toll-free

HOV Lanes

High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes are travel lanes that are restricted to vehicles with more than one occupant, buses, motorcycles, and vehicles with Alternative Fuel Vehicle license plates. The lanes are marked with a diamond symbol and the hours of restriction are posted. The penalty for violating HOV lane restrictions is afineupto$75forafirstoffense;upto$100fora second offense; up to $150 for a third offense; and up to $150 plus one point added to the violator's driving record for a fourth or subsequent offense

Hydroplaning

Hydroplaning occurs when there is standing water on a roadway. At speeds up to 35 mph, most tires will channel water away from the tire similar to the way a windshield wiper cleans the windshield. As your speed increases, tires cannot channel the water as well, and your tires may start to lose contact with the road and ride over the water like a set of water skis. In a standard passenger car, partial hydroplan- ing can begin at speeds as low as 35 mph. At 55 mph, the tires may lose all contact with the road. If this occurs, there is no friction avail- able to brake, accelerate, or steer. It is possible for the vehicle to go into an unpredictable and uncontrollable skid. If this occurs, take your foot off of the accelerator, letting the car slow down. To prevent hydroplaning, maintain good tires with adequate water-channeling thread on your vehicle. Most importantly, slow down when there is water on the roadway

Obstructing the Driver's View

If a vehicle is overloaded with passengers or freight so as to obstruct the view of the driver or interfere with the mechanical operation, it cannot be legally driven. Passengers must not ride in a position that interferes with the driver's view or his or her control of the vehicle

Fog

If possible, avoid driving in heavy fog. If you must drive, follow these guidelines: • Reducedrivingspeed; • Reduce speed further when you see head- lights or red tail lights. These indicate the presence of another vehicle and, due to fog, it may be more difficult to accurately judge the distance between your vehicle and others; • Dim your headlights. Bright lights produce a glare in heavy fog, actually making it more difficult to see than when using regular headlights; • Donotdrivewithparkingorhazardlightson.

Passing is prohibited on two-lane roads:

In areas marked by a solid yellow line on the right of the center line, or a "Do Not Pass" sign, or double yellow lines; • Within 100 feet of a railroad crossing; • Within 100 feet of a bridge, viaduct or tunnel; • When a car approaching from the opposite direction makes passing unsafe or will be within 200 feet of your vehicle prior to the completion of a passing maneuver; • On a hill or curve where it is not possible to see oncoming vehicles which might be close enough to be a hazard; • On the shoulder of the road; • When a school bus is stopped to load or un- load passengers

Sharing the Road With School Buses

In most cases, all drivers are required to stop when approaching or meeting a stopped school bus that has its lights flashing and is loading or unloading passengers. The exception to this rule is when highways are separated in the center by median strips. In this situation, only vehicles following or traveling alongside a school bus in the same direction must stop. A warning will be given in advance by the flashing red or amber lights on the front and rearofthebus. Afterstopping,youmustremain stopped until the bus resumes motion or deac- tivates its warning signals AND all loading or unloading passengers have cleared the roadway

Limited Driving Permits

In some situations, a limited driving permit may be available for a fee of $25 during the sus-pension period. A limited driving permit would allow you to only: • Drivetoyourplaceofemployment; • Receive scheduled medical attention or ob- tain prescribed drugs; • Attendclassesatacollegeorschoolinwhich you are enrolled as a student; • Attendregularlyscheduledsessionsormeet- ings of support organizations for the treat- ment of alcohol or other drugs; • Attend a driver education program or alco- hol/drug assessment and treatment program; • Attend court, report to a probation office or officer, or perform community service; • Transport unlicensed immediate family members to work, medical care and to obtain prescriptions, and to school. The Department may also specify the places you may travel to, specific routes of travel, times of travel, and indicate vehicles, or other restric- tions deemed necessary. Limited driving permits are not valid for driving a commercial vehicle. A limited driving permit will be revoked by the Department if you are convicted of violating any state law or local ordinance relating to the movement of vehicles or if you are convicted of violating any of the conditions or restric- tions of your permit. In addition, a conviction will extend the underlying suspension of your driving privilege for an additional 6 months. Limited driving permits are not available for convictions of the following offenses or in the following situations: • ImpliedConsentrefusal(maybeavailableif no prior DUI conviction within past 5 years); • No Insurance convictions; • Drivingwhilelicensesuspendedconvictions; • Failure to pay super speeder fee; • Failuretopaychildsupport; • Failure to appear in court or respond to a citation; • Medicalrevocation; • Safety responsibility; • Parentrequestedrevocation; • DUI Drugs • DUIconvictionspriortoage21;and • Refusal to weigh (CMV). A limited driving permit may be available in the following situations, depending on your age and the number of convictions on your driving record: • 1st DUI (non-drugs); • 2ndDUIconvictionin5years; • DUI ALS; • Under 21 speeding violation but only if age 18 or older, speeding was 24-33 mph over the posted speed limit, and approved by the sentencing court judge; • Any felony in the commission of which a motor vehicle is used (age 21 or over); • Using a motor vehicle in fleeing or attempting to elude an officer (age 21 or over); • Fraudulent or fictitious use of, or application for, a license/ID card (age 21 or over); • Hit and run or leaving the scene of a crash (age 21 or over); • Racing (age 21 or over); • Operating a motor vehicle with a revoked, canceled, or suspended registration (age 21 or over); • If approved by the sentencing Court Judge involving license suspensions for certain drug offenses

Illegal Signals

It is against the law to flash turn signals as a courtesy or "do pass" signal to other drivers in the rear.

Stopping, Standing, and Parking

It is against the law to park on a highway. If the vehicle is disabled, you should make every practical effort to park off the highway, leaving free passage and a clear view of your vehicle for 200 feet in each direction. Stopping, Standing or Parking is not permitted under the following conditions at any time: • On the streetside of any parked vehicle; • On a side walk; • Within an intersection; • On a cross walk; • Between a safety zone and the adjacent curb; • Alongside or opposite any street excavation or obstruction when stopping, standing, or parking would obstruct traffic; • Upon a bridge or overpass,or within a high- way tunnel; • On any railroad tracks; • On a controlled access roadway; • In the area between roadways on a divided highway, including crossovers; • At any place marked by a no-parking sign. Stopping, Standing or Parking is permit- ted only momentarily to pick up or drop off passengers under the following conditions: • In front of a public or private driveway; • Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant; • Within 20 feet of a crosswalk at an intersec- tion; • Within 30 feet of a stop sign, yield sign, or traffic control signal; • Within 20 feet of a firestation driveway; • Within 75 feet of the spot across the street from a fire station driveway; • Within 50 feet of a railroad crossing; • At any place where official signs prohibit standing.

Median Strip

It is unlawful to drive across a dividing sec- tion, barrier, or unpaved strip which separates two roadways at any point other than at an authorized opening or crossover

Impaired Hearing and Vision

It is unlawful to operate a motor vehicle while wearing a headphone, headset, or any other device which would impair the driver's ability to hear. Also, the driver must not wear anything which would obstruct his or her vi- sion while driving a motor vehicle. Not only is wearing these devices illegal, it is also unsafe

Weaving

It is unlawful to weave from one lane of traf- fic to another in order to move faster than the flow of traffic. A motorist may change lanes on a multi-lane highway and pass slower moving vehicles only when it is safe to do so. A driver's signaling to change lanes should be clearly in- dicated so as to warn vehicles of the movement

Always Remain Alert for Pedestrians When Driving

Look for pedestrians on both sides of the street when approaching intersections, when turning, or near schools, parks, bus stops and other places people are likely to walk. Look behind your car for children or other pedes- trians before backing up in driveways and parking lots

Speed Limits

Maximum traveling speeds are determined based on the following general rules in Georgia unless otherwise posted: • 30 miles per hour in any urban or residential district; • 35 miles per hour on an unpaved county road; • 70milesperhouronaruralinterstate; • 65 miles per hour on an urban interstate or on a multi-lane divided highway; • 55 miles per hour in all other areas. These are only general rules. Local jurisdic- tions, the Georgia Department of Transporta- tion, or the Georgia Department of Public Safety may deem it necessary to adjust speed limits based on local conditions, whether temporary or permanent. Always watch for speed limit signs while driving. Some areas, such as school zones or construction zones, may be posted for lower maximum speed limits at certain times of the day or for a short period of time. It is important to pay close attention to road signs while driving to ensure that when you approach a speed zone, whether temporary or permanent, you will have sufficient time to adjust your speed accordingly.

Idling Engines

Minimize your idling time. Eliminating un- necessary idling can reduce fuel consumption, engine wear and air pollution. When warm- ing up the engine, follow the manufacturer's guidelines to assure sufficient engine perfor- mance for safe driving. Idling a vehicle for 10 seconds will consume more fuel than restart- ing the engine

Making Turns on Multi-Lane Highways

On a multi-lane, two-way highway, you must never drive to the left of the center line except when making a left turn. If traffic control signals or signs are present, you may only complete the turn when authorized to do so by the traf- fic control signals or signs. When making left turns, you must always yield to oncoming traf- fic, and wait for pedestrians to clear the lanes of traffic, driveway, sidewalk, or alley you are turning into.

Opening Vehicle Doors

Opening the doors of a vehicle on the side on which traffic is moving is prohibited unless it is safe to do so and unless it can be done without interfering with the movement of other traffic, including bicyclists that may be operating close to the lane of parked cars

Pavement Markings

Pavement markings, like highway signs, are used to warn and direct drivers and to regulate traffic.

Vehicle Speed

Pedestrians are less protected from the harm- ful effects of a crash than occupants of motor vehicles. The risk of serious or fatal pedestrian injuries increase exponentially with driver speed. This chart illustrates the effect of speed upon a pedestrian who is struck by a motor vehicle. When a pedestrian is struck by a motor vehicle traveling 40mph, the risk of pedestrian death is at least 80%.

Blind Pedestrians

Pedestrians using guide dogs or white walk- ing canes must be given the right of way at all times.

Tips For Expressway Driving

Plan your trip carefully. Mark the map to indicate all entrances, service areas, and exits you plan to use. Doing these things will help you to have a safe, fast, and pleasant journey. Check your car before you start. Because expressways are designed for faster and smoother flowing traffic, there are fewer places to exit. It is important to check your gasoline gauge and make sure you have enough fuel. Also check the water, oil, and tires of your vehicle; • Bealert.Useyourrearviewmirrorandside mirror to constantly check the traffic around you. Always make visual traffic checks before you change

Exiting Expressways

Prepare to exit a controlled access highway by safely moving to the right lane for an exit on the right, or the left lane for an exit on the left. Guide signs will tell you of the approaching exit. At the exit, deceleration lanes are provided for slowing down when leaving the expressway. Posted exit speeds are usually low due to the design of the roadway. Drivers should use either brake lights or a turn signal to indicate a change in speed to the drivers behind if slowing down in the traveling lane when preparing to exit

TIRE PRESSURE

Prior to entering vehicle check tire pressure using recommended psi located in the door jam of the vehicle. Use a tire pressure gauge to check your psi. If your psi is above the num- ber listed on your door jam, let air out until it matches. If below, add air (or have a retailer help you) until it reaches the proper number. You may also measure tread depth using the penny test. Once every month, or before you embark upon a long road trip, check your tires for wear and damage problems. One easy way to check for wear is by using the penny test. 1. TakeapennyandholdAbrahamLincoln's body between your thumb and forefinger. 2. Selectapointonyourtirewherethetread appears the lowest and place Lincoln's head into one of the grooves. 3. If any part of Lincoln's head is covered by the tread, you're driving with the legal and safe amount of tread. If your tread gets below that (approximately 2/32 of an inch), your car's ability to grip the road in adverse conditions is greatly reduced.

Reckless Driving

Reckless driving is defined as driving any vehicle in reckless disregard for the safety of persons or property. Examples of reckless driving include but are not limited to speed- ing, weaving in and out of traffic, improperly passing, etc. Penalties for reckless driving can include a fine of up to $1000, imprisonment for up to 12 months, and, if the driver is under 21 years of age, conviction will result in a suspen- sion of all driving privileges

Allow plenty of room when passing.

Return- ing to your lane of travel before you have passed another vehicle and provided enough safe distance between the two can cause a crash. Carefully check the left lane behind you before pulling out to pass. Don't pull back into the right-hand lane until you can see the car that you just passed clearly in your rear view mirror;

Riding in Trailers

Riding in a house trailer, or any other ve- hicular drawn trailer, is not allowed while it is being moved upon a street or highway. There is a high likelihood of injury or death if passengers are unrestrained in the trailer and the vehicle is involved in a crash or the trailer becomes disconnected from the vehicle

No Passing Lines

Single Lines- These single, solid yellow lines on two-lane roads indicate zones where passing is prohibited. They will be located on the right of the broken yellow line when they apply to the lane in which you are traveling. In some instances, both yellow lines will be solid, indicating it is not safe for passing in either direction. Double White Lines- These are double white line (dashed or solid) pavement markings on roadways that indicate where vehicles can or cannot cross to access the adjacent lane. When the double white lines are dashed, vehicles are allowed to cross over to the adjacent lane. When the double white lines are solid, lane changes are prohibited

Yield to Mobile Work Vehicles

Some road work can be performed without actually closing lanes of travel. Pavement main- tenance, debris removal, paint striping, utility work, and snow removal are examples of work accomplished while moving in traffic. Vehicles used in performing this type of work will have flashing amber lights and may have flashing ar- rows directing traffic to merge left or right. The vehicles may also display signs for the purpose of directing traffic or indicating hazardous condi- tions. These vehicles usually work at very slow speeds, such as 5 miles per hour, and may occasionally be stationary in the roadway. For your safety, and the safe- ty of others, slow down, yield the right-of-way to these work vehicles, and follow any direc- tions displayed by the work vehicles

Steering Locks

Steering locks are anti-theft devices found in most cars manufactured since 1969. Steering locks can cause dangerous situations for drivers who are not familiar with their opera- tion. If a vehicle's ignition is placed in the lock position while the vehicle is in motion, the steer- ing capability of the vehicle will be disabled, and the driver will be unable to steer the vehicle. Further information concerning steering locks is available from the Automobile Safety Foundation at www.carsafe.org

Drowsiness and fatigue is a danger anytime you drive, but is especially dangerous on long trips along the expressway.

Stop driving if you feel drowsy. Don't rely on stimulant drugs (also called Stay Awake Drugs). They are likely to make your driving even more hazardous. Expressway drivers are subject to "highway hypnosis," a condition of drowsiness or un- awareness brought on by monotony, the sound of the wind, the tires on the pavement, and the steady hum of the engine. On long trips it is a good idea to "exercise your eyes" to help keep you alert. Keep shifting your eyes from one area of the roadway to another and focus on various objects, both near and far, left and right. Conversation with other passengers and lively radio programs may also help you re- main more alert. Of course, always pay atten- tion to the traffic around you and potentially hazardous highway conditions;

Stop Lines

Stop lines are white lines painted across the pavement at intersections indicating the point beyond which your vehicle should not cross if you are stopping for a traffic control device. In urban areas, the line is usually located about four feet before the crosswalk. Drivers must come to a complete stop at the stop line, when present, not at the actual stop sign or traffic signal

Types of Suspensions

The Department will suspend the driving privileges of an individual in any of the follow- ing non-conviction situations: • Refusal to take a chemical test for intoxica- tion; *Failure to appear in court or respond to a citation; • Non-payment of Child Support; • Non-payment of the Super Speeder fee; • Safetyresponsibility; • Medical revocation; • Parent requested revocation (under age 18). The Department is required by law to sus- pend the privileges of an individual for a convic- tion of any of the following offenses: • Homicide by vehicle; • Feticide by Vehicle (1st degree); • Serious injury by vehicle; • Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs; • Any felony in the commission of which a motor vehicle is used; • Using a motor vehicle in fleeing or attempting to elude an officer; • Hit and run or leaving the scene of a crash; • Racing; • Operating a motor vehicle with a revoked, canceled, or suspended registration; • Driving without insurance; • Driving while license is suspended, revoked, or canceled; • Refusaltoweighcommercialmotorvehicle; • Violation of license restriction (at the discre- tion of the trial court). In addition to the offenses listed above, the li- cense and/or driving privileges of an individual under the age of 21 on the date of the conviction will be suspended for the following offenses: • Recklessdriving; • Aggressive driving; • Speeding 24 mph or more over the speed limit; • Unlawful passing of a school bus; • Improperpassingonahilloracurve; • Any 4-point offense; • Four or more points in 12 months prior to age 18;

Major Traffic Violations

The commercial driving privileges of any person convicted of one of the following "major traffic violations" in this state, or any other state, in a commercial or, unless otherwise specified, a noncommercial vehicle will be disqualified for one year: • Driving a CMV if your BAC is .04 gm. or higher; • DUI; • Hit and run or leaving the scene of a crash; • Failure to report striking an unattended vehicle; • Failure to report striking a fixed object; • Failure to report a crash; • Any felony in the commission of which a motor vehicle is used; • Driving a CMV while the CDL is revoked, suspended, canceled, or disqualified; • Homicide by vehicle; • Racing; • Using a motor vehicle in fleeing or attempting to elude an officer; • Fraudulent or fictitious use of, or application for, a license/ID card; • Operating a motor vehicle with a revoked, canceled, or suspended registration; • Commercial vehicle cargo theft; or • Refusal to submit to state administered chemical testing when requested by a law enforcement officer. If convicted of any of these offenses while you are operating a CMV that is placarded for hazardous materials, you will be disqualified from driving a CMV for at least three years for a first offense. A second conviction from a separate incident of any of these major traffic violations will re- sult in a lifetime disqualification of commercial driving privileges.

Speed and Stopping Distance

The distance it takes to stop your vehicle is important in determining a safe driving speed. The chart below may be used as a guide, but actual stopping distance can depend on the following factors in addition to vehicle speed: • Mental and physical reaction of the driver; • Type and condition of the pavement; • Kind of tires and tread composition • Chassis (frame) design; • Type of brakes, condition, and balance of brakes; • Wind direction and velocity. Speed is a leading factor in serious injury and death as a result of traffic crashes. The greater the speed, the greater the force of impact. The illustration below conveys the relative force of impact when you strike a fixed object

Georgia's Law Concerning Pedestrians

The driver of a vehicle shall stop and remain stopped to allow a pedestrian to cross the road- way within a crosswalk: • When the pedestrian is upon the half of the roadway on which the vehicle is traveling, or when the pedestrian is approaching and is within one lane of the half of the roadway on which the vehicle is traveling or onto which it is turning. "Half of the roadway" means all traffic lanes carrying traffic in one direc- tion of travel; • When making a left or right turn at any in- tersection; • At stop signs, after coming to a complete stop and before proceeding; • At traffic signals, even when the light is green, if pedestrians are still in the crosswalk; • When entering a street or highway from an alley, driveway, or private road; • When approaching a blind person who is crossing a street or highway if he/she is car- rying a white cane or being guided by a dog

Coasting

The driver of any motor vehicle, when trav- eling down a hill, must not coast with the gears or transmission of the vehicle in neutral.

Following Emergency Vehicles

The driver of any vehicle, other than one on official business, must not follow any fire fighting apparatus traveling in response to a fire alarm, or other emergency vehicles, closer than 200 feet, or park any vehicle within 500 feet of any fire apparatus stopped in answer to a fire alarm

Entering Expressways

The entrance ramp is a short one-way road that leads to the expressway. From the entrance ramp, you should move into the acceleration lane. This is the lane that runs alongside the main roadway. In the acceleration lane, you can adjust your speed to the speed of the ex- pressway traffic. When safe to do so, you should merge into traffic. Vehicles on the expressway have the right of way, but courteous drivers will permit you to move into the expressway traffic.

Never trust other drivers to do what you think they are going to do or what you think they should do in a particular situation.

The fact that a left turn signal is flashing does not nec- essarily mean that the driver is going to make a left turn. You should constantly be thinking of an "escape route" as you drive. For example, if you are approaching a curve, you should be looking closely at the shoulder and nearby area to determine what you would do if a car approaching from the other direction crosses to your side of the road. After a little practice this will become more instinctive

Racing

The following behaviors are considered racing on highways and streets: • When two or more people compete or race on any street or highway; • When one motor vehicle is beside or to the rear of another driver, and one driver tries to prevent the passing or overtaking of the com- peting driver by acceleration or maneuver; or • When one or more persons compete in a race against time. In Georgia it is unlawful to drag race. The penalties for committing this violation may include imprisonment and fines, and all driv- ing privileges will be suspended if you are convicted

Drive defensively.

The key to defensive driv- ing is awareness. You must keep your eyes moving so that you can keep track of what is happening around you at all times. Avoid staring at the center line on the roadway. In- stead, look ahead for trouble spots which may endanger you or your passengers. A defensive driver will also frequently check the rear view and side mirrors to keep abreast of the traf- fic and road conditions to the rear and sides;

In metro areas, expressways will usually have a dramatically increased amount of traffic during the hours that most drivers are traveling to and from their places of employ- ment.

The number of cars on the expressway during this time will lead to delays. During this time, drivers should be particularly cau- tious. Driving defensively, allowing a safe distance between vehicles, and obeying all traffic control signs and devices can help en- sure a safe commute;

Protecting the Air

The operation of motor vehicles has a signifi- cant impact on Georgia's air quality. Emissions from cars and light duty trucks contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, a component of urban smog. Vehicle emissions can react with sunlight at high temperatures to produce unhealthy levels of this form of air pollution. This is especially true during warm weather. Vehicle emissions and ground-level ozone can be reduced by proper vehicle main- tenance in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, and by fewer trips and vehicle miles traveled. Remember removing or disabling a vehicle's emissions control components is a violation of federal and state law. In addition to proper vehicle maintenance, you can help reduce air pollution and traffic congestion by limiting driving to necessary travel, by planning ahead to consolidate trips, and by using carpools, transit and ridesharing. All drivers should do their part to reduce the impact of automobiles and trucks on air quality and the environment.

Gores

The term "gore" means the area of conver- gence between two lanes of traffic. The gore is the area, usually similar to a triangle, formed by solid white lines between an existing lane of travel and a merging lane of travel. Gores are most often seen at the convergence of an ac- celeration lane and the adjacent travel lane on a controlled access highway. The gore is the area bounded by solid white lines between the ac- celeration lane and the adjacent travel lane. Drivers entering the controlled access highway are prohibited by law from crossing this solid white line, and are required to continue travel- ing in the acceleration lane until the solid white line disappears

Bicycle Lanes

These are solid white lines typically located between the farthest right traffic lane a2nEdntethr:e curWbheonrenetdergineg thoefrtohunedarbooaudt, way. If there is a right-turn-only lane yield to all circulating vehicles. present, the bicycle lane will be located to the left of the right-turn-only lane in order to safely accommodate bicycles traveling straight through the intersection. Bicycle lanes may also be marked with painted symbols of a bicycle. Drivers of motor vehicles are prohibited from driving or parking in the bicycle lane, except to cross over it to make a turn. When crossing over a bicycle lane to make a turn , motorists must yield to bicyclists that are present.

Edge Lines

These are the single solid white lines along the side of the pavement. They serve as safety guides, especially at night when it is difficult to see the edge of the road. A yellow edge line may be used on the left side to warn of narrow or raised medians

Lane Lines

These are the white dashes that mark the individual lanes of travel on streets and highways having more than one lane for traffic moving in the same direction. When there are four or more lanes with traffic moving in opposite directions, two solid yellow lines mark the center of the roadway. You may cross these lines only to make a left turn into or from an alley, private road, driveway, or another street. When traveling on a multi-lane road, stay in the right lane except to pass other vehicles traveling in the same direction

Center Lines

These are used to separate traffic moving in opposite directions on paved roadways. Broken yellow lines are used when there are only two lanes and it is safe to pass in either direction

Turn Lanes

These lanes, bordered by solid yellow and/or broken yellow lines, is in the center of many streets and highways to make left turns. A motorist desiring to turn left should proceed to the turn lane just prior to making a left turn. Georgia law prohibits the use of this lane for any purpose other than making a left turn. You may enter this lane no more than 300 feet from the location of the left turn. When a turning lane is provided for vehicles traveling in both directions, you should use extreme caution before entering the turning lane to make a left turn. There may be a vehicle traveling in the opposite direction also entering the turning lane to make a left turn. This is especially problematic in congested areas

Always obey the posted maximum and minimum speed limits.

These laws exist to regulate the flow of traffic and to create a safe environment for all drivers;

Traffic Striping

These markings, created by diagonal yellow lines, are on streets and highways indi- cating that the road is narrowing or there is an obstruction on the roadway. The area is similar to a triangle with solid yellow diagonal lines within the outside lines. Always keep to the right of these markings

Crosswalk Lines

These white lines are painted across, or partially across the pavement. Sometimes they will be painted in a ladder pattern. When pedestrians are in the crosswalks, they have the right-of-way over motor vehicles. Crosswalks are sometimes in the middle of a block in residential areas, and in some cases, a pedestrian crossing signal is located at the white line.

Adjust Your Lane Position in work zones

Travel lanes are likely to be closed in work zones, and lane patterns may change as the work progresses. Sometimes, workers must operate within inches or feet of an open lane of traffic. When lanes are closed or narrowed, or work- ers are operating on the roadway near traffic, change lanes away from them if possible or shift slightly within the boundaries of your lane to give added distance between your vehicle and the workers. This will provide extra protection for you, your passengers and the workers along the roadway

Stay out of another driver's blind spot.

Travel- ing in a position where the driver ahead of you cannot observe your vehicle in the rear view or side mirrors is a dangerous practice; the driver might pull out in front of you to pass a car. Either stay far enough behind so that the other driver can see you, or pass the vehicle. This is especially true for driving near large vehicles. Tractor-trailer combina- tions, also known as "eighteen-wheelers", are limited in their visibility because of their size;

Side No-Zones

Trucks and buses have big No-Zones (blind spots) on both sides. They are much larger than a car's blind spots. If you cannot see the driver's face in the side- view mirror, the driver cannot see you. The right side No-Zone is particularly dangerous because truck and bus drivers must make wide right turns

Front No-Zones

Trucks and buses require more room and time to stop than cars. Be- cause of this, more space should be given in front of trucks and buses. It is not safe to "cut in front" of a truck and then slow down. To avoid the Front No-Zone, make sure that you can see the entire front of the truck or bus in your rear-view mirror before you merge or pull into that lane of traffic.

Leaving the Roadway

Uneven terrain and obstacles make it difficult to safely maneuver a vehicle once it has left the roadway. Serious injury or death can result from a crash if this happens. To avoid leaving the roadway while driving, pay attention to road conditions. Drive at or be- low the speed indicated on a regulatory sign or an advisory sign indicating potential hazards. Drive defensively, being mindful of the actions of drivers around you. If your vehicle leaves the roadway, try to fol- low these guidelines: • Don'tpanic; • Take your foot off the accelerator; • Grip the steering wheel tightly and be pre- pared to withstand sudden shocks; • Don't hit the brake pedal suddenly and hard; use your brakes carefully; • Don't try to turn back onto the pavement im- mediately. Overcompensating ("jerking the wheel") when returning to the roadway can cause you to lose control of your vehicle by skidding or flipping, or may also cause your car to go into other lanes of traffic; • Wait until your speed has reduced, check the traffic, and look for a place to safely re- turn to the roadway by merging into traffic. If necessary, come to a complete stop before re-entering the roadway.

One Way Streets

Unless directed to by a traffic control device, authorized emergency personnel or construc- tion workers, it is unlawful for a vehicle to be driven contrary to the direction posted on a one-way street or highway, except in situations where police vehicles or authorized emergency vehicles find it necessary to do so.

Tire Blow-Out

Unlike a slow leak which may cause a tire to go flat over time, a blow-out occurs when the tire ruptures and goes flat immediately. If this occurs while your vehicle is in motion, it can cause you to lose control. If you experience a sudden tire blow-out, do not panic. Follow these guidelines to maintain control of the vehicle. • Apply brakes lightly if necessary and safe to do so; • Grasp the steering wheel firmly and take your foot off the accelerator to allow the ve- hicle to roll to a stop; • Donotmovetotheshoulderoftheroaduntil the car has slowed greatly. If the blow-out causes the car to swerve on to the shoulder, do not try to get back on the pavement. Let the car coast to a stop. See the guidelines above for what to do when your vehicle leaves the roadway. • Check your battery. • Check your cooling system. • Fill your windshield washer reservoir. • Check your windshield wipers and defrosters. • Verify floor mat installation to prevent pedal interference. • Inspect your tires. • Check the age of your tires. • Know your car. • Plan your travel and route. • Stock your vehicle with necessary tools and supplies. • Learn what to do in a winter emergency

Rear No-Zones

Unlike cars, trucks and buses have huge No-Zones directly behind them. Trucks and buses have no rear view mirror. The truck or bus driver cannot see your car there and you cannot see what is go- ing on ahead of the truck or bus. It is critical to keep a safe distance behind a truck or bus in case the driver slows or stops suddenly

Passing Stopped Cars in Lanes of Travel

Use extreme caution when passing stopped cars on multi-lane roads. A pedestrian you can't see may be crossing in a marked or unmarked crosswalk. This is a frequent cause of serious or fatal pedestrian injuries. When you stop at a crosswalk on a multi-lane road, stop at least 10 feet before the crosswalk so a driver in the next lane can see the pedestrian

Use Headlights Properly

Use high-beam headlights only when driv- ing in rural areas and when other cars are not nearby. You must use your headlights between one-half hour after sunset to one-half hour be- fore sunrise; at any time when it is raining; or when visibility is limited. You should dim (lower) your headlights when: • You are within 500 feet of an approaching vehicle so as not to blind the driver; • You are following closely (within 200 feet) behind another vehicle; • You are driving on lighted roads; • You are driving in rain, fog, snow, or smoke; • Your vision is reduced to less than 200 feet.

How To Make A Left Turn

Using appropriate signals, and giving drivers ahead of and behind you adequate notice, activate your left turn signal; • Move into the far left lane of the direction in which you are traveling, or into the turning lane if one is provided; • Keep your wheels straight until you begin making the turn; • Yieldtheright-of-waytoallvehicles,includ- ing bicycles, which are approaching from the opposite direction, and pedestrians crossing either roadway; • Whensafetodoso,andwhentrafficsignals/ signs permit, make your turn so that your ve- hicle ends up in the lane closest to the center lane(s) in your direction of traffic on the street you turned onto, or closest to the center line if there is no center lane; • If there are multiple turning lanes on the street you are turning from, complete the turn so that your vehicle ends up in the cor- responding lane on the street you are turn- ing onto; • Once you have entered an intersection to make a left turn, you cannot change lanes in the intersection; • You must stop and remain stopped for any pedestrians in the crosswalk of the road you are turning onto until they have cleared the lanes of traffic that you are traveling on

How To Pass On A Two-Lane Road

Wait for a passing zone to begin. A passing zone is indicated by striped lines to the right of the center line of the roadway. If the line nearest your vehicle is solid, you are not in a passing zone. Look ahead along the roadway to determine the length of the passing zone and if there is traffic approaching from the op- posite direction. You must have sufficient time and space to execute your passing maneuver and return your vehicle completely to the right lane before the passing zone ends, before entering an intersection, and before oncom- ing traffic is within 200 feet of your vehicle; • Before leaving your lane to begin passing, check your rear view and side mirrors, and turn your head and look back to check your "blind spot." Be certain that no one is pass- ing you ; • Activate your left turn signal as you begin passing; • Pass on the left and do not return to the right lane until your vehicle is safely clear of the overtaken vehicle. Wait until you can see the car you have just passed in your rear view mirror; • Activate your right turn signal before return- ing to the right lane. Be sure to turn your signal off once you have returned to the right lane.

Obey Warning Signs

Warning signs in work zones have an orange background and black letters or symbols. They are used with other traffic control devices or flaggers to help direct traffic safely through work areas and to protect drivers, their pas- sengers, and highway workers.

When Someone Passes You

When a driver behind you is overtaking your vehicle, be alert for any unsafe actions by the other driver. It is considered courteous to reduce your speed slightly, making it easier for the other vehicle to pass you. It is unlawful to increase your speed before you have been passed completely by the overtaking vehicle

Railroad Crossings (sign)

When a road is crossed by a railroad crossing, the pavement is usually marked with a large X and two R's. At railroad crossings, a yellow line is always placed on the right side of the center line to prevent passing. The cross- ing is sometimes equipped with control arms and/or emergency lights, to warn drivers of approaching trains. The driver of the vehicle must stop if warning signals indicate a train is approaching

Moving Vehicles Following a Crash

When a traffic crash occurs on a multilane highway or expressway, and if there is no ap- parent serious injury or death, it is the duty of the drivers of the vehicles involved to move their vehicles from the roadway to a safe location along the shoulder, emergency lane, median, or any other safe refuge. Drivers should only do this if the vehicles are capable of being driven normally and successfully, and driving the ve- hicles will not present any further hazard or harm to the vehicles themselves, to the driver, to persons nearby, or to the roadway. If the persons involved in the crash are inca- pable of moving the vehicles, they are autho- rized to request any other driver in the vicinity who has a valid license of the appropriate class to move their vehicles, and the other driver is authorized to comply. Drivers who take these important steps will not be considered at fault simply because they moved the vehicles, nor does moving the ve- hicles affect their ability to file a written report with a local police agency. Moving a vehicle in this situation does not allow for the driver to be accused of failing to stop and provide information.

Steps to Parallel Parking

When attempting to parallel park, drive past the parking space you wish to use and stop when you are approximately even with the car ahead of the space (you should be approxi- mately 2 feet from the other car - door to door).• Turn your wheels sharply to the right and back slowly toward the car behind the space you wish to use; • As your front door passes the back bumper of the car ahead of the space you wish to use, quickly straighten your wheels and continue to back diagonally into the space in a straight line; • When your front bumper is completely clear of the car ahead of you, turn your wheels sharply to the left and back slowly toward the car behind you; • Stop before making contact with the car be- hind you. Place the car in drive, turn your wheels sharply to the right and pull toward the center of the parking space; • Always give the appropriate turn signal prior to beginning your parking maneuver and when you exit from a parallel parking space

Exiting and Entering Driveways

When exiting or entering a driveway, alley, or parking garage, drivers must stop before the sidewalk area and proceed only after pedestri- ans have safely passed. Drivers waiting to turn left into a driveway must wait not only for a gap in oncoming traffic, but also for pedestrians to finish crossing the sidewalk portion of the driveway

Respect Crosswalks

When pedestrians are in crosswalks, they have the right of way over motor vehicles. Do not block crosswalks. When stopping at red lights or stop signs, always stop your vehicle before the crosswalk so pedestrians can cross safely. Even at crosswalks without traffic signals, drivers must stop and remain stopped for pe- destrians in the crosswalk when the pedestrian is upon the half of the roadway or approaching and within one lane of the half of the roadway upon which the vehicle is traveling. "Half of the roadway" means all traffic lanes carrying traffic in one direction of travel

Stopping

When stopping or slowing down suddenly, the proper hand, arm, or brake operated stop signal must be given

If another driver tries to take your turn, even if you have the right-of-way

let the other driver proceed. It might prevent a traffic crash;

The right-of-way should be yielded

When traveling on a roadway that intersects with another roadway, if you are faced with a stop sign, but other traffic is not, you may proceed only after stopping and yielding the right-of-way to any other vehicle or pedes- trian either in the intersection, or so close to the intersection as to make it dangerous to travel through the intersection; • At intersections where there are no stop signs, yield signs or other traffic signals, if two vehicles come to the intersection at the same time, the driver of the vehicle on the left must yield to the driver of the vehicle on the right; • At a four-way intersection where all drivers are faced with stop signs, all drivers must yield to pedestrians; otherwise the vehicles should proceed through the intersection in a "first to arrive, first to proceed order." If two vehicles reach the intersection at approxi- mately the same time, yield to any vehicles on your right.

Trucks and Vehicles Pulling Trailers

When traveling upon a roadway outside of a business or residential district, drivers of trucks and vehicles pulling trailers must leave sufficient space between themselves and other vehicles of the same kind, so that the driver of an overtaking vehicle can enter and occupy the space without danger. This law prohibits the act commonly known as "caravanning." Trailers wider than 8 feet, 6 inches are not permitted on Georgia's highways

Passing Stopped Cars

Whenever any vehicle is stopped to permit a pedestrian to cross the roadway at a marked crosswalk or at any unmarked crosswalk at an intersection, the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear shall not overtake and pass the stopped vehicle. When stopping to allow a pedestrian to cross in front of you, leave sufficient room between your vehicle and the crosswalk so that approaching traffic can see the entirety of the crosswalk. Slow down and prepare to stop if you are ap- proaching an intersection where other vehicles are stopped, even though the traffic control de- vices indicate they are authorized to proceed. If they are stopped because they are allowing a pedestrian to cross the roadway, their vehicle may block your view of the pedestrian.

Sharing the Road With Pedestrians

While there has been an increase of motor vehicles on our roads, the number of persons traveling by foot is also growing. According to the Georgia Department of Transportation, pedestrians account for almost 15% of motor vehicles deaths. In 2016, Georgia had a 15% in- crease in pedestrian deaths. Distractions are believed to be a contributing factor. It is critical that pedestrians and motorists pay attention to safely share the

Winter Driving

Winter weather can create many driving azards. Because of the usually mild climate, ost Georgians are not experienced in driving n winter weather. Here are several suggestions o help you drive safely in winter weather: Use chains or snow tires if road conditions require extra traction. Always check the manufacturer's instruction manual for your vehicle, the tires, and the chains before in- stalling them on your vehicle and operating on a roadway; Keep windows clear. Remove snow and ice from all window surfaces before operating the vehicle on a roadway; When you first enter the roadway, and if it is safe to do so, get a "feel" for the road. Test your brakes gently. Determine how your vehicle will respond to turning the wheel by making slight adjustments. Never apply sudden braking. Instead, slow down gradu- ally before you come to an intersection, make a turn, or stop; Keep a safe distance between you and other vehicles; Reduce speed according to conditions; Watch for hazards or changing road condi- tions ahead. ips for Safe Winter Driving Get your car serviced routinely

Yield to Amber Lights in Work Zones

Work vehicles and heavy equipment will typically have flashing or revolving amber lights. You must yield the right-of-way to these vehicles. Reduce your speed as you approach any work zone where vehicles have amber lights displayed.

Unless a sign posted at that intersection prohibits doing so

it is permissible to make a "right turn on red" at an intersection con-trolled by a traffic control light. You may proceed only after making a complete stop, yielding to all traffic and pedestrians, and making the determination that you can safely complete the turn;

Passing On The Right

You may pass on the right of another vehicle which is making or about to make a left turn if there is sufficient pavement width for both your vehicle and the vehicle making the left turn. You may also pass on the right when traveling on a multi-lane highway carrying two or more lanes of traffic in the same direction

Railroad Crossings

You must always stop within 50 feet, but not less than 15 feet, from the nearest rail of a rail- road crossing when any of the following apply: • Thesignalisflashing; • Thecrossinggatesarelowered; • A flagman is giving a signal; • A train is approaching so closely as to create an immediate hazard; • A train gives a warning signal and is an im- mediate hazard due to its speed or nearness to the crossing; • A stop sign is posted. Under no circumstances should a motorist drive through, around or under any crossing gate while the gate is lowered. After stopping, remain stopped until all tracks are clear, all railroad crossing warning signals stop flash- ing, the crossing gates are raised, and it is safe to proceed

Stopping on the expressway is prohibited.

You will find rest areas and service signs at frequent intervals; use them. Stopping on the roadway shoulder is highly dangerous and permitted only in an emergency. Switching drivers, stretching, or retrieving an item from the back of the vehicle is NOT considered an emergency. If it is necessary to stop, raise the hood and activate your hazard lights to indicate difficulty. Don't walk along the ex- pressway in search of help;

Serious Traffic Violations

Your commercial driving privileges will be disqualified for a period of 60 days upon a sec- ond conviction in three years for a serious traffic violation (provided that the two convictions arose from separate incidents). Your commer- cial driving privileges will be disqualified for a period of 120 days upon a third or subsequent conviction in three years for a serious traffic violation (provided that the various convictions arose from separate incidents). The following violations are defined as "seri- ous traffic violations" when committed in this state, or any other state, when operating either a CMV or, unless otherwise specified, a noncom- mercial motor vehicle: • Speeding 15 or more miles per hour above the posted speed limit; • Reckless driving; • Followinganothervehicletooclosely; • Improper or erratic lane change, including failure to signal a lane change; • A violation of state law or a local ordinance relating to motor vehicle traffic control aris- ing in connection with a fatal crash, excluding parking, weight, length, height, and vehicle defect violations, and excluding homicide by vehicle; • Arailroadgradecrossingviolationinanon- commercial motor vehicle; • Driving a commercial motor vehicle without obtaining a commercial driver ́s license; • Driving a commercial motor vehicle without a commercial driver ́s license in your imme- diate possession, but not if it is because your commercial driving privileges have been sus- pended, revoked, canceled, or disqualified; • Driving a commercial motor vehicle without a commercial driver ́s license of the proper class and endorsements for the specific ve- hicle you are operating or for the passengers or type of cargo you are transporting; • Use of a wireless device for text based com- munications while operating a commercial motor vehicle

Right-of-way

a phrase used to describe who has the lawful authority to enter a roadway, change lanes within a roadway, make a turn from a roadway, travel through an intersec- tion, or make any other traffic related movement.

When the roadway you are traveling on is merging into other traffic without stopping

adjust your speed and vehicle position to allow you to merge into the new lane safely. If traffic from another roadway is merging into the roadway you are traveling on, safely change lanes away from the merging traffic if possible. If it is not possible to change lanes away from the merging traffic, adjust your speed and vehicle position to safely allow the traffic to merge;

Road defects

cause more problems for bi- cycles than for cars. When passing a bicycle rider, leave the bicyclist plenty of room in case he or she has to swerve to miss a pothole or other danger in the road. The minimum legal space for a motorist to pass a bicyclist is 3 feet.

Yield to all,

highway maintenance vehicles and workers in a construction zone;

Unless a sign posted at that intersection prohibits doing so,

it is permissible to make a "left turn on red" from the left lane of a one- way street onto a one-way street on which the traffic moves toward the driver's left. You may proceed only after making a complete stop, yielding to all traffic and stopping for pedestrians, and making the determination that you can safely complete the turn;

Bike-car crashes

often happen because driv- ers do not see bicyclists soon enough. In Georgia, as in other states, most crashes occur during daylight hours on straight, dry roads, typically near intersections or driveways.

Highway work zones

portions of a highway or street where construction, recon- struction, or maintenance work is being done to the road, its shoulders, or any other areas near the roadway. This definition also includes mobile work such as underground and overhead utility maintenance, snow removal, and land survey- ing activities. Highway work zones are set up according to the type of road and the work to be done on the road. Signing, roadway markings, and flaggers are used to direct drivers safely through work zones or carefully marked detours. Motorists are responsible for knowing how to read and react to these directions. Paying atten- tion and driving cautiously and courteously are the most important steps to preventing crashes while driving through a work zone. Watch for the color orange. It means road work.

If emergency vehicles are using their emer- gency lights (blue or red) and sirens,

safely maneuver your vehicle out of their way. You should slow your vehicle and move over to the shoulder of the road, or if that is not pos- sible, as far to the right of the roadway or lane as you can, and stop. You should always use caution to ensure that you do not endanger other motorists, bicyclists, or pedestrians while doing so. Do not position your vehicle so that it blocks an intersection or otherwise prevents the emergency vehicle from making a necessary turn;

When approaching a yield sign,

slow down to a safe speed and be prepared to stop. If necessary, stop and only proceed when it is safe to do so;

When a school bus is preparing to stop to load or unload children,

the driver of the bus will activate flashing yellow lights. When these flashing yellow lights are activated, all drivers approaching the school bus should slow down and be prepared to stop. All drivers should pay special attention to chil- dren who may be walking along or crossing the roadway. Once the flashing lights have turned red and the stop signs have extended from the side of the bus, it is unlawful for any vehicle to pass the stopped school bus while it is loading or unloading passengers.

Bicyclists are legally entitled to use every road in Georgia except

the interstate and inter- state-like highways (limited access highways). The law allows bicyclists use of the full lane. They are not required to be in a bike lane even when one is present. Although their slower pace may slow motorists occasionally, it is important for drivers to respect the bicyclist's right to be there. Yield the right of way to the bicyclist in the same way that you would yield to another motorist. If possible, make eye contact with the bicyclist, especially at intersections

Driving Under the Influence of Drugs or Alcohol

• It is unlawful for any person to operate a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, a drug (prescription or illegal), or any other substance which impairs his/her ability to safely do so; • A person 21 or more years of age is consid- ered "Under the Influence of Alcohol" when 0.08 gm or more by alcohol weight is present in the blood; • A person under 21 years of age is irrefutably considered "Under the Influence of Alcohol" when 0.02 gm or more by alcohol weight is present in the blood; Certain drugs or other substances can also make a person irrefutably "under the influ- ence." Having a prescription for certain medi- cation is not a defense if the medication impairs your ability to safely operate a motor vehicle. Penalties for driving under the influence of intoxicants are severe, with fines up to $1000, jail sentences up to 12 months, and mandatory suspension of your driving privileges.

Passing is Permitted When:

• Lawfully overtaking and passing another vehicle going in the same direction; • An obstruction makes it necessary to drive to the left of the center line, but only after yielding to oncoming traffic; • A roadway includes two or more marked lanes in the same direction; • A roadway with more than one lane is re- stricted to one-way traffic. Upon a multi-lane, two way highway, you must never drive to the left of the center line except when au- thorized to do so by traffic control signals or signs or when making a left turn into an alley, private road or driveway

If You Are Involved In A Crash

• Stopimmediatelyinasafeplace. • Notify the nearest law enforcement agency immediately if anyone is injured or killed, or if property damage exceeds $500.00; • Providereasonableassistancetoanyperson injured; • Warn approaching motorists if you can do so without jeopardizing your own safety or that of others. Activate your hazard lights, if possible, and use reflective triangles, when available; • Give your name, address, license plate num- ber, and driver's license number to anyone else who was involved in the crash. Get the same information from the other driver; • If you damage an unattended vehicle, you must either locate the owner or leave your name, address, and the name of the owner of the vehicle you were driving, in a con- spicuous place where the owner will find it.

How To Make A Right Turn

• Using appropriate signals, and giving drivers ahead of and behind you adequate notice, activate your right turn signal; • Approach the intersection in the right lane, staying as close as practicable to the curb or edge of the roadway; • If there is a bicycle lane on the road on which you are traveling, you must yield to bicyclists traveling straight through the intersection before making a right turn; • Maketheturninsuchawayastoendupin the right lane of the street into which you have turned and avoid entering any other lane of traffic. If there are multiple turning lanes on the street you are turning from, com- plete the turn so that your vehicle ends up in the corresponding lane on the street you are turning onto.

Controlled-Access Roadways

• You are prohibited from entering or leaving any controlled-access roadway at unauthor- ized entrances or exits; • Certain types of vehicles may be prohibited on controlled-access roadways if signs are posted to this effect; • Backing up is prohibited on controlled- access roadways. • An example of a controlled-access roadway includes any tolled facility in Georgia such as the I-85 Express Lanes or the reversible I-75 Express Lanes. Tolled lanes in Geor- gia require motorists to mount a registered Peach Pass transponder in their vehicle in order to access the lanes. Peach Pass can also be used in Florida and North Carolina. Registered owners of the vehicle that enters the tolled lane without an active Peach Pass will receive a violation notice in the mail. • You are prohibited from entering the revers- ible Express Lanes when the access control gates are closed or closing