N100 Final Exam Review

The pancreatic hormones _______ and ________ are responsible for regulating our blood sugar. amylase and hydrochloric acid leptin and serotonin adrenaline and cortisol insulin and glucagon

insulin and glucagon

Which of the following health conditions is NOT possibly associated with a high protein intake? bone loss sickle cell anemia kidney disease dehydration

sickle cell anemia

The % Daily Value of nutrients on a food label are based on the daily consumption of how many calories? 1,800 1,500 None of these. 2,500 2,000

2,000

Which of the following represents an appropriate fiber intake for adults? 15-25 grams 10-15grams 25-38 grams 38-45 grams

25-38 grams

Blood calcium is critical for: Forming and maintaining bones and teeth. Transmission of nerve impulses. Muscle contraction. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

Childhood obesity increases and/or doubles the risks for: Early onset of heart disease Adult obesity Type 2 diabetes Psychological problems All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

Organic foods are defined as being free of which of the following: All answers are correct. Hormones and Steroids GMOs Pesticides Antibiotics

All answers are correct.

Which of the following is NOT healthful source of saturated fat in the diet? Animal fat associated with grass-fed animals. Unrefined, expeller-pressed coconut oil. Animal fat associated with commercially raised animals. None of these sources of saturated fat are good to consume. Organic butter and whole milk yogurt.

Animal fat associated with commercially raised animals.

Which of the following is the healthiest carbohydrate choice? Whole Grain Bread Baked Potatoe Chips Apple Sugar-free Energy Bar

Apple

Obesity increases your risks for all the following health conditions, EXCEPT: Diabetes Infertility Cancer Autoimmunity

Autoimmunity

Which of the following is NOT a common outcome of dehydration? Autoimmunity Lack of energy. Blood Pressure Changes Brain Fog Asthma

Autoimmunity

Which vitamins are water-soluble? D, E, A, K B, E, A, K C, E B, C

B, C

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are digested into _______, ________, and ____, respectively. Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids Fatty acids, glucose, amino acids Glucose, fatty acids, amino acids Amino acids, fatty acids, glucose

Glucose, fatty acids, amino acids

All of the following are good recommendations for weight loss, EXCEPT: Consume more fat and protein, and less starchy carbohydrates. Consume more high-fiber fruits and vegetables instead of processed grain-based snacks. Follow a regimented low-calorie diet until the excess weight is lost. Increase energy expenditure via physical activity.

Follow a regimented low-calorie diet until the excess weight is lost.

Which hormone is responsible for breaking down glycogen when we need energy? Epinephrine Glucose Glucagon Insulin

Glucagon

What type of fuel is utilized when intensely working a large muscle group for a short duration (>20 minutes)? Free ATP Fatty Acids Amino Acids Glycogen

Glycogen

When consuming a lot of protein, it is important to consume what type of food to buffer the acid from the protein? Red Fruits White Potatoes Whole Milk Green Vegetables

Green Vegetables

Gastric (stomach) juice contains: Hydrochloric Acid (HCI) Pepsinogen Gastric Lipase HCI and Pepsinogen only HCI, Gastric Lipase, and Pepsinogen

HCI, Gastric Lipase, and Pepsinogen

What is/are the first symptom/s of chronic dehydration? Dry Skin All answers are correct. Ulcers and Heartburn Headaches and Brain Fog Dry Mouth

Headaches and Brain Fog

Are government regulations enough to ensure a safe food supply for Americans? Yes No

No

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of dehydration? Fatigue Dark Urine Sore Throat Headache

Sore Throat

Which type of exercise would best burn fat and therefore, help someone lose weight? Running several miles until you feel you can't go any further. Spending up to 20 minutes doing any type of high intensity interval training. Lifting the heaviest weights possible for as long as possible. Spending an hour each morning meditating with yoga stretches.

Spending up to 20 minutes doing any type of high intensity interval training.

Which of the following zero calorie sweeteners is the healthiest in that it does not subject you to toxicity? Stevia acesulfame-K (Equal) sucralose (Splenda) saccharin (Sweet 'n low) aspartame

Stevia

Most protein digestion occurs in what organ of the digestive system? Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Mouth

Stomach

Which of the following is NOT involved in the digestion carbohydrates? Mucosal Cells of Small Intestine Pancreas Saliva Stomach Juices

Stomach Juices

Which of the following is NOT a main avenue of fluid loss in the body? Sweating Defecation Urination Talking

Talking

In exercise, the term "overload" refers to: Completely depleting the body's energy resources. Continually placing very high stress on the body. Temporarily placing extra demand on the body to improve fitness. Overstretching muscles to improve flexibility.

Temporarily placing extra demand on the body to improve fitness.

An individual who chooses not to consume any animal products is called a ________. lactovegetarian ovovegetarian carnivore vegan

vegan

Which of the following foods has the greatest nutritional value? 2 Cups of Strawberry Gummy Bears (200 cal) 1 Cup of Fresh Strawberries (100 cal) 8 Fluid Ounces of Strawberry Juice (100 cal) 2 Tablespoons of Strawberry Jelly ( 100 cal)

1 Cup of Fresh Strawberries (100 cal)

How many amino acids can the body synthesize by itself? 9 11 20 0

11

What is the healthiest BMI category? Below 18.5 18.5-29.9 40.0 or above 30.0-39.9

18.5-29.9

A triglyceride is composed of ____________. 3 glycerols and 1 fatty acid 3 glyerols and 1 phospholipid 3 phospholipids and 1 glycerol 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

What BMI category leads to poor female reproductive health (such as menstrual irregularities, infertility, and irregular ovulation)? 30.0-39.9 18.5-24.9 These problems are not related to BMI. 25.0-29.9

30.0-39.9

Which of the following BMI categories are most dangerous? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!) 25.0-29.9 30.0-39.9 Below 18.5 18.5-24.9

30.0-39.9 Below 18.5

The human body is _____ percent water. 60 80 30 50

60

Percent Daily Values listed on food labels are based on: No particular caloric or micronutrient intake recommendation. A 2,000 calorie per day diet and RDAs. A 2,500 calorie per day diet and RDAs. RDAs and AMDRs only.

A 2,000 calorie per day diet and RDAs.

Which of the following decrease the number of good bacteria in the gut? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!) A high-carbohydrate diet. Stress A high protein diet. Antibiotics Saturated Fats

A high-carbohydrate diet. Stress Antibiotics

Which of the following is NOT considered a source of scientifically-reliable information? ABC News Harvard School of Public Health Journal of Clinical Nutrition Centers for Disease Control (CDC)

ABC News

Fat stored primarily in what region increases the risks for health conditions: All fat increases the risks for health condition. Legs Abdomen Buttocks

Abdomen

Factors which influence childhood obesity include all the following, EXCEPT: Amount of physical activity a child engages in regularly. Nutrient quality of each meal and snack offered. Inherited genetic tendencies. Ability to learn and make reasonable food choices.

Ability to learn and make reasonable food choices.

Fat that appears higher on a male's abdomen is a result of: Heart disease in progress. Not enough exercise. Too many calories. Alcohol consumption.

Alcohol consumption.

A sound fitness program: Should be fun and enjoyable. Should eventually include a variety of exercises, such as aerobic and resistance training. All answers are accurate. Would be easier to maintain with defined goals. Should be maintained for longer than two weeks.....ideally a lifetime.

All answers are accurate.

A deficiency in which vitamins can lead to anemia? Folate B6 All answers are correct. B12

All answers are correct.

Free radicals are molecules which: Damage cell membranes, DNA, and LDL. Steal electrons from molecules of surrounding tissues. All answers are correct. Are highly unstable. Are missing an electron.

All answers are correct.

Organic or grass-fed dairy and meat products are better nutritional choices because they: All answers are correct. do not contain added antibiotics. have a lesser risk of contributing to certain cancers. do not contain added hormones.

All answers are correct.

Studies from rats fed genetically modified (GMO) diets, resulted in all of the following outcomes, EXCEPT: All answers are correct. Cancer Infertility Changes in liver cells. Depressed immune systems. Smaller pups (baby rats).

All answers are correct.

What are the main causes of foodborne diseases? Viruses Bacteria Parasites All answers are correct. Fungi and mold

All answers are correct.

Which of the following will help rebuild the good bacteria in your gut? Eliminating refined sugar and reducing natural sugars in the diet. Consuming the right amount of fiber each day. Eating more proteins, healthy fats, and fewer carbohydrates. Taking a supplement of probiotics. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

Probiotics are helpful for which of the following conditions? Constipation Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Allergies All listed health conditions are helped by probiotics. None of the listed health conditions are helped by probiotics. Colon Cancer

All listed health conditions are helped by probiotics.

Which of the following is a limitation of MyPlate? It does not allow for any healthy oils and fats. All of the options are correct limitations It does not help identify nutrient rich foods. It does not emphasize the necessity of water.

All of the options are correct limitations

Which of the following is NOT an element of physical fitness? The ability to stretch in a variety of ways. All of the options are elements of physical fitness. Good muscular strength and endurance. A strong cardiovascular system that can handle temporary "stressors".

All of the options are elements of physical fitness.

What is the best method for determining an ideal body composition and risks for various health conditions? Determine where body fat is distributed on the body Calculate the BMI (Body Mass Index) Calculate the body fat percentage All of the options are necessary for calculating health risks.

All of the options are necessary for calculating health risks.

Which of the following is a NOT risk associated with CAFOs? Unethical Animal Husbandry practices. Exploitation of illegal immigrants. Meat contamination. Antibiotic resistance. All of these are risks associated with CAFOs.

All of these are risks associated with CAFOs.

Nutrition is important because: It will maintain an ideal weight and body composition. It will allow the body to function at its optimal ability. It will reduce the risk of getting cancer, diabetes, heart disease, osteoporosis, and other health problems. All of these are true.

All of these are true.

Which of the following are current issues of concern regarding food safety and human health? All of these options are concerns with America's food supply. Use of steroids and hormones such as rBGH. POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants) Foods that are genetically engineered (GMOs). Increased use of food additives and preservatives. Increases in imported foods.

All of these options are concerns with America's food supply.

All of the following can increase free radical production, EXCEPT: Smoking Tanning booths and radiation. All of these options increase free radical production. Consuming pesticides and chemical additives. Lead and other heavy metals exposure.

All of these options increase free radical production.

An inadequate amount of probiotics in a pregnant woman can result in the following, EXCEPT: Thrush All of these options may result from inadequate probiotics in a mother's gut. Cradle Cap Low immunity in the infant. Diaper Rash

All of these options may result from inadequate probiotics in a mother's gut.

All the following symptoms are associated with a deficiency in essential fatty acids, EXCEPT: learning and behavioral issues All the options indicate a deficiency of EFAs presence of allergies constant illness and infections dry skin, eczema

All the options indicate a deficiency of EFAs

A high fiber intake is critical for optimal health, in that: It provides food for our "good" bacteria. Reduces our risk for many cancers. All these answers are correct. Lowers high cholesterol levels.

All these answers are correct.

Proteins function in the body as ________________: All these are functions of proteins. acid base balance enzymes components of cell and tissue hormones

All these are functions of proteins.

Why are refined grains (in any amount) an unhealthy dietary choice? All these statements regarding refined grains are true. They easily raise blood sugar. They lack vital nutrients. They contribute to many chronic health conditions. None of these statements regarding refined grains are true.

All these statements regarding refined grains are true.

Which of the following is NOT a type of a claim found on a food label? Nutrient content claim Allergen Claim Health claim Structure/Function claim

Allergen Claim

What is the best method of preventing E. coli contamination in beef and meat products? Feed cattle and other livestock GMO grain which has built-in insecticides to prevent E. coli infections. Give the cattle and other livestock antibiotics to kill the E. coli. Allow the cattle and other livestock to graze on grass. Cattle and other livestock do not get E. coli infections.

Allow the cattle and other livestock to graze on grass.

What type of fuel is only used for energy during periods of starvation? Fatty Acids Amino Acids Glycogen Free ATP

Amino Acids

Celiac Disease is: An allergy to milk and dairy. An allergy to gluten. An increasingly popular figment of the imagination. An allergy to nuts and seeds.

An allergy to gluten.

Well-planned vegetarian diets can reduce the risk of all of the following chronic diseases EXCEPT: Anemia Obesity Heart Disease Cancer

Anemia

What are some concerns with the use of antibiotics in our meat supply? Antibiotic use in our meat supply does not pose any health concerns. Development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. Cancer development. Lack of good bacteria in the human gut. Antibiotic resistance, cancer development, and changes in gut bacteria are all concerns.

Antibiotic resistance, cancer development, and changes in gut bacteria are all concerns.

Which of the following is another name for vitamin C? Ergocalciferol Cholecalciferol Ascorbic Acid Folic Acid

Ascorbic Acid

BMI is a poor tool for determining a healthy body composition in what type of individual? Male Female Athlete Sedentary individual

Athlete

Which conditions are directly related to an abundance of free radicals in the body? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!) Autoimmune Conditions Cancer Osteoporosis Heart Disease Alzheimer's & Parkinson's Disease

Autoimmune Conditions Cancer Heart Disease Alzheimer's & Parkinson's Disease

Which nutrient is the ONLY nutrient that MUST be supplemented in a vegan diet? Folate B12 Iron Calcium

B12

A deficiency in which of the following will lead to anemia? B6, B12, Iron, and Folate. B12 Iron Both Iron and B12 Folate

B6, B12, Iron, and Folate.

The richest source of natural fiber is found in which of the following? Whole Grains Fruits and Berries Vegetables Beans and Legumes

Beans and Legumes

When do you reach your peak bone density? Before or around age 30. After age 40. During childhood. There is not an age for peak bone density.

Before or around age 30.

Which of the following pancreatic enzymes is released into the small intestine to neutralize the stomach acid and protect the cells of the small intestine? Bile None of these. Bicarbonate Insulin

Bicarbonate

______ helps to digest fat. It is produced by the _______ and stored in the _______. Bile; liver; gallbladder Bile; gallbladder; liver Lipase; liver; gallbladder Amylase; pancreas, gallbladder

Bile; liver; gallbladder

Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin? D K A C

C

Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body? Calcium Magnesium Iron Phosphorus

Calcium

What is the leading cause of death in the United States among individuals less than 85 years old? Infections Heart Disease Diabetes Cancer

Cancer

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding carbohydrate loading? Carb loading involves eating carbs with easily digested starch such as bananas and potatoes. Carb loading is appropriate for a marathon or the Tour de France bike ride. Carb loading is only recommended for high-intensity, short duration activities like sprints Carb loading maximizes the glycogen stored in your muscles and liver.

Carb loading is only recommended for high-intensity, short duration activities like sprints

Amylase is the primary enzyme used in the digestion of __________. Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Fats

Carbohydrates

Salivary amylase begins the digestion of ________ in the mouth. Proteins Carbohydrates Fats None of these.

Carbohydrates

Which type of salt contains over 80 minerals and is the healthiest form of salt to consume? No form of salt is healthy and it should not be consumed. "Real" sea salt All forms of salt contain minerals. Table Salt Celtic sea salt

Celtic sea salt

Which of the following foods is a source of complete protein? Grains Chicken Nuts and Seeds Beans

Chicken

What is the primary extracellular negatively charged electrolyte? Chloride Potassium Phosphorus Sodium

Chloride

Which nutrient is a component of stomach acid and helps digest protein? Sodium Potassium Chloride Phosphorus

Chloride

Which of the following minerals does NOT help decrease blood pressure? Calcium Potassium Magnesium Chloride

Chloride

Nearly 70 percent of all deaths in America are linked to: Accidents Suicide Infections Chronic disease

Chronic disease

Which of the following is NOT a good source of Omega-3 fatty acids? Coconut Oil Fish Oil Flaxseed Cod Liver Oil

Coconut Oil

What habit will effectively reduce your risks of developing all conditions related to free radical damage? Take a multivitamin every day. Consume a minimum of 7 servings of fresh fruits and vegetables each day. Drink the proper amount of water for your body weight every day. Exercise at least one hour per day.

Consume a minimum of 7 servings of fresh fruits and vegetables each day.

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for preventing osteoporosis? Consume adequate amounts of fluoride. Engage in regular weight bearing exercise. Consume adequate amounts of vitamin D. Consume adequate amounts of calcium.

Consume adequate amounts of fluoride.

Which nutrient enhances the absorption of iron? Chromium Idodine Calcium Copper

Copper

Which of the following is NOT involved in determining a healthy body weight? BMI Body Composition Current nutrient intake Distribution of body fat

Current nutrient intake

Which of the following nutrients is important for infants and children to consume because it contributes to cognitive development, reduces risks of ADHD, and builds a healthy immune system? EPA Omega 6 Saturated Fats DHA

DHA

What are some of the advantages of purchasing local foods? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY) Decreased risk of contamination. Fresher foods Greater variety of foods. Support of local economy.

Decreased risk of contamination. Fresher foods Support of local economy.

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of regular exercise? Stress management Decreasing HDL cholesterol. Increases metabolism Improving sleep quality

Decreasing HDL cholesterol.

Long term use of fiber supplements such as Metamucil and Fiber One bars, results in: Dependence on fiber supplementation for normal bowel movements. Constipation Diarrhea No symptoms.

Dependence on fiber supplementation for normal bowel movements.

What term describes the process of breaking down foods into their component molecules? Digestion Metabolism Elimination Absorption

Digestion

All the following are functions of cholesterol, EXCEPT: Required to synthesize various hormones. All these are functions of cholesterol. Required to synthesize vitamin D. Directly increases your risk of heart disease. Maintains hydration and cell fluidity. Required to protect and encase your nervous system.

Directly increases your risk of heart disease.

Which of the following fatty acids is critical to fetal brain development? Oleic Acid Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Palmitic Acid Stearic Acid

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Which of the following is a factor of maintaining a healthy weight? May involve occasional dieting. Does not require dieting to maintain weight. Involves excessive exercise. May involve eating as few calories as possible.

Does not require dieting to maintain weight.

All the following are good dietary guidelines for most people, EXCEPT: Eat more fruits and vegetables. Consume whole grains rather than refined grains. Limit sugar and sodium intake. Drink milk everyday.

Drink milk everyday.

What is the main source of water replenishment in the body? Metabolic water from digestion. Water in food. All of these are correct. Drinking water.

Drinking water.

Which of the following does NOT directly cause birth, developmental, and mental problems in children? All of the options directly impact the baby before, during , and after birth. Drug and alcohol use by extended family. Maternal and paternal nutritional status. Paternal smoking, drug and alcohol use. Maternal smoking, drug and alcohol use.

Drug and alcohol use by extended family.

Electrolytes are good to consume during exercise in all of the following conditions, EXCEPT: Exercise of long duration Heat Dry Weather Exercise of short duration

Exercise of short duration

Which of the following are benefits of regular exercise? Exercise provides all the listed benefits and more! Manages and reduces risk for Type 2 Diabetes. Gives an opportunity for developing self-discipline. Reduces blood pressure and risks of cardiovascular disease. Produces endorphins to relieve stress and anxiety.....such as that produced by exams!

Exercise provides all the listed benefits and more!

Plasma is an example of which type of body fluid? Intracellular Extracellular Tissue Fluid None of these.

Extracellular

All LDL "bad" cholesterol contributes to heart disease by increasing plaque in blood vessels. True False

False

All people with high blood pressure (hypertension) should consume a low-sodium diet. True False

False

Counting and decreasing calories must be a part of a good weight loss plan. True False

False

Genetically Modified foods are currently labeled and easy to recognize in America. True False

False

It is healthy for most Americans to consume 6 to 11 servings of grains each day, of which half should be whole grains. True False

False

Low-fat or nonfat varieties of foods should be chosen for children to prevent childhood obesity. True False

False

Organic, 100 percent juice is a healthy snack to give to toddlers and children. True False

False

Saturated fats and high LDL levels cause heart disease. True False

False

School lunches are carefully constructed according to the USDA nutrition guidelines and therefore are a good choice for children in school. True False

False

The lower your body mass index (BMI), the lower your risks for various health conditions. True False

False

What is one reason organic foods seem to be more expensive? They are higher quality. Farmers must pay extra for organic certification. They are not in high demand. They are subsidized by the government.

Farmers must pay extra for organic certification.

Vitamins are classified into these two groups: Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble Major and Trace Major and Minor Macronutrients and Micronutrients

Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble

Sue had her gallbladder removed. What type of food should she avoid eating in large quantities? Fats Sugar Proteins Water

Fats

Which of the following nutrients is the most energy (calorie) dense? Vitamins and Minerals Carbohydrates Proteins Fats

Fats

Which of the following is NOT a food group represented on the MyPlate image? Fruits Dairy Vegetables Fats and Oils Grains

Fats and Oils

What type of fuel is used by the body when you are sleeping, studying, or watching TV? Glycogen Amino Acids Free ATP Fatty Acids

Fatty Acids

In which trimester of pregnancy is the fetus the most vulnerable to teratogens? Second Third First Fourth

First

Which food would provide a good amount of omega-3 fatty acids? Nuts and Seeds Fish Beef Butter

Fish

Which of the following nutrients can cause permanent tooth damage in excess amounts? Iron Magnesium Calcium Fluoride

Fluoride

Inadequate intakes of ________ during pregnancy are associated with neural tube defects in the fetus. Protein Calcium Iron Folate

Folate

Which statement BEST describes genetically modified (GMO)/engineered foods? Foods in which a desired gene (i.e. pest resistance) has been introduced, but becomes potentially harmful to humans. Foods naturally resistant to pests and therefore, farmers do not need to use pesticides on them. Foods in which a gene with a desired trait has been introduced into the plant's DNA, but the new gene does not pose any health risks to humans. Foods sprayed with a pesticide that causes allergies.

Foods in which a desired gene (i.e. pest resistance) has been introduced, but becomes potentially harmful to humans.

The acronym FIT stands for: Fatigue, intensity, and training Frequency, intensity, and time Fitness, increase, and time Flexibility, increase, and training

Frequency, intensity, and time

Which food group can reverse heart disease if consumed in large quantities? Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Sugar Beans and Legumes Nuts and Seeds

Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

Which food group is most responsible for cancer prevention? Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Sugar Fish and Seafood Red Meat

Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

Chromium assists in ______ uptake by cells. Calcium Potassium Sodium Glucose

Glucose

What is the major monosaccharide found in the body? Glucose Galactose Fructose Glycogen

Glucose

_________ is used as a primary energy source during a high intensity activity, while _______ is the primary energy source during a low intensity activity. Fat, glucose ATP, fat ATP, glucose Glucose, fat

Glucose, fat

Which food production process/es could reduce the likelihood of contamination? Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) Non-GMO food production. Using sustainable food production resources. Organic food production.

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)

Which of the following is traditionally used to evaluate the level of intensity of aerobic activity? Heart rate/pulse Blood glucose level Distance traveled per unit of time (e.g., steps per hour) Blood pressure

Heart rate/pulse

Diets high in sodium are often associated with: Obesity Breast Cancer Diabetes Mellitus High Blood Pressure

High Blood Pressure

Which type of sugar is most dangerous because of its ability to contribute to obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, etc.? White Sugar High Fructose Corn Syrup Brown Sugar Fructose, from fruit

High Fructose Corn Syrup

How can you guarantee that a particular food product does not contain genetically modified ingredients? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!) If it contains a certified organic label. If it contains a certified non-GMO project label. If it was grown locally. If it was purchased at a farmer's market. All GMO foods are required to be labeled as GMO in America.

If it contains a certified organic label. If it contains a certified non-GMO project label.

Contamination is a common problem in meat raised in CAFOs for all the following reasons EXCEPT: Inadequate cleaning agents. Grain-based feed. Quantity of animals. Inadequate training among slaughterhouse workers.

Inadequate cleaning agents.

Which of the following is not a common way to become deficient in potassium? Inadequate intake of meats and proteins. Regular use of diuretics and laxatives. Weight loss. Diarrhea and vomiting.

Inadequate intake of meats and proteins.

All the following is responsible for the increasing trends of Type 2 diabetes, EXCEPT: Increased consumption of red meat. Increased consumption of processed (white, refined) grains Increased "screen time" resulting in physical inactivity. Regular consumption of sodas and juices.

Increased consumption of red meat.

Which population is most at risk for dehydration? Infants Adults Children Elderly

Infants

All of the following diseases is associated with nutrition and dietary choices EXCEPT: Infections Cancer Diabetes Heart Disease

Infections

When deciding if a food product is healthy or not, what should you consider first? Nutrition Facts Panel (salt, sugar, fiber, etc.) Television commercials for that product. Nutrient claims on the product packaging. Ingredient list.

Ingredient list.

After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the cells? Insulin Glucagon Estrogen Amylase

Insulin

Which micronutrient is most important to provide infants during initial weaning because their body stores are depleted Iron Fat B12 Calcium

Iron

Which nutrient carries oxygen within the red blood cell? B6 All answers are correct. B12 Iron Folate

Iron

Which of the following is NOT a major electrolyte? Potassium Chloride All of these options are electrolytes. Iron Sodium

Iron

Which of the following minerals in NOT a major (macro) mineral? Iron Magnesium Potassium Chloride

Iron

Which of the following nutrients is NOT involved in bone health? Phosphorus Iron Vitamin D Calcium Magnesium

Iron

Why is dairy a controversial element of MyPlate? It is not a good source of nutrition. It is not equally necessary for all life stages. It is hard to digest. It is one of the most common dietary allergens.

It is one of the most common dietary allergens.

Jane has an intolerance to gluten, but continues to eat wheat products like bread. What will happen to Jane over time? Jane's small intestinal villi will get destroyed, as will her immune system housed within the villi. Jane will not feel any symptoms and will be fine over time. Jane will have to start taking medication for her condition. Jane will have to see an allergist and get allergy shots.

Jane's small intestinal villi will get destroyed, as will her immune system housed within the villi.

After absorption, which process is used to convert glucose into ATP? Glycolysis Beta-oxidation Glucoenergetic Cycle Krebs Cycle

Krebs Cycle

Unsaturated fats are: (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!) Liquid at room temperature. Found primarily in animal products. Solid at room temperature. Found primarily in plant products.

Liquid at room temperature. Found primarily in plant products.

For a claim to be considered scientific, it must possess all the following characteristics EXCEPT: Logical Measurable Observable Repeatable

Logical

What is one of the biggest challenges with maintaining adequate nutrition in elderly adults? Physical limitations. Decreased cognitive ability. Loneliness Decreased thirst and hunger senses.

Loneliness

Coconut Oil would provide the energy for what type of activity? Weight lifting. Longer-duration activity such as a mile swim. High-intensity, short duration activity. A fast 2-mile run.

Longer-duration activity such as a mile swim.

Which mineral does the body best absorb through the skin and easily obtained by soaking in a tub with Epsom salts? Magnesium Calcium Manganese Phosphorus

Magnesium

Which mineral is important for helping muscles relax? Calcium Copper Magnesium Iron

Magnesium

Which of the following is NOT a micromineral? Iron Magnesium Copper Zinc

Magnesium

Which type of contaminant is most concerning in the fish supply? Prions Mercury Parasites Bacteria

Mercury

Which of the following statements is true regarding micronutrients? Micronutrients provide calories. Micronutrients include proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Micronutrients supply energy. Micronutrients help extract energy from macronutrients.

Micronutrients help extract energy from macronutrients.

Why are most Americans, who rely on dairy for their calcium intake, still deficient in calcium and prone to osteoporosis? Homogenizing and pasteurizing milk "kills" the calcium d. Americans who drink milk DO get adequate calcium in their diet. Milk doesn't contain enough magnesium. Milk doesn't really have a lot of calcium

Milk doesn't contain enough magnesium.

Which of the following is the proper order of the primary digestive organs? Mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine Mouth stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine Mouth, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Carbs are digested in the _______ and _______, while proteins are digested in the _______ and _______. Small intestine, stomach, stomach, small intestine Mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine Stomach, small intestine, mouth, stomach Mouth, small intestine, stomach, small intestine

Mouth, small intestine, stomach, small intestine

Why is fat NOT a good energy source during high-intensity exercise? Fat burns too quickly to provide enough energy for high-intensity exercise. The fat stored in muscles is inaccessible. Multiple processes are involved in converting fat to ATP. Fat IS used for high-intensity exercise.

Multiple processes are involved in converting fat to ATP.

Which of the following supplements should be given to teens? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!) None of these. Multivitamin Omega 3 Oil (Fish/Flax/Cod Liver) Vitamin D

Multivitamin Omega 3 Oil (Fish/Flax/Cod Liver) Vitamin D

Which of the following supplements would be appropriate for school age children? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!) Multivitamin Probiotics None of these. Omega 3 Oil (Fish/Flax/Cod Liver)

Multivitamin Probiotics Omega 3 Oil (Fish/Flax/Cod Liver)

What are the main symptoms of a food-borne illness? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY) Nausea Vomiting Fever Diarrhea

Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea

A man with a body fat measurement that exceeds 25% most likely falls into which category: Obese Overweight Underweight Morbidly Obese

Obese

What is a primary concern in childhood, leading to increases in cardiovascular disease, diabetes and other health problems? Poor nutrition. Obesity Excessive sugar consumption. Inadequate physical activity.

Obesity

To obtain optimal health and wellness, many people need to: Obtain more than the RDA for most vitamins and minerals each day. Obtain greater than the RDA for all vitamins and minerals each day. Obtain exactly 100% of the RDA for all vitamins and minerals each day. Obtain less than the RDA for most vitamins and minerals each day.

Obtain more than the RDA for most vitamins and minerals each day.

What type of fat increases inflammation in the body and thus, can exacerbate preexisting conditions such as arthritis? Omega 6 fats from animals. Omega 3 fats. Omega 6 fats from plants. Saturated Fats

Omega 6 fats from animals.

Olive oil is an example of what kind of fat? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!) Omega-9 Polyunsaturated Fat Omega 3 Saturated Fat Omega-6 Monounsaturated Fat

Omega-9 Monounsaturated Fat

How much water does the average adult need to consume each day? 6-8 glasses of water. One quarter ounce per pound of body weight.. Approximately one gallon. One half ounce per pound of body weight.

One half ounce per pound of body weight.

Which of the following would NOT be good advice for preventing obesity in a child? Only offer healthy snacks. Only eat 3 meals each day. Increase activity levels and limit TV/screen time. Role model good eating habits.

Only eat 3 meals each day.

Which of the following conditions has NOT been linked to free radical damage? Parkinson's Disease Cancer Heart Disease Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis

Which of the following conditions is NOT related to chronic dehydration? GERD/Heartburn Osteoporosis Peptic Ulcers Asthma Arthritic Pain

Osteoporosis

Which of the following is NOT associated with a diet that is high in sugar? Obesity Osteoporosis Diabetes Tooth Decay

Osteoporosis

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive system? Anus Stomach Pancreas Esophagus

Pancreas

Which of the following ingredients would alert you to the presence of trans fats? Lecithin Coconut Oil Vitamin E Partially Hydrogenated Oil

Partially Hydrogenated Oil

What type of body fat distribution is healthiest for women? Apple shape (abdominal fat) No excess body fat is healthy for women. Pear shape (buttocks and thigh fat)

Pear shape (buttocks and thigh fat)

Which of the following minerals is part of DNA, ATP, phospholipids, and lipoproteins? Sodium Potassium Phosphorus Chloride

Phosphorus

Which of the following is NOT part of a food label? Calories Phytonutrients List of Ingredients Nutrition Information

Phytonutrients

Which of the following is NOT a common reason for an increase in food-borne illness? Imported foods. Emergence of new pathogens that cause illness. Poor food preparation techniques. Mass food production.

Poor food preparation techniques.

Nutrition is important for all the following reasons, EXCEPT: Good nutrition can prevent many chronic diseases and conditions. Good nutrition can aid in preventing and solving the current obesity epidemic. Poor nutrition is the cause of all health problems. Nutrition contributes substantially to general wellness and health.

Poor nutrition is the cause of all health problems.

What is the primary intracellular positively charged electrolyte? Iron Potassium Phosphorus Sodium Chloride

Potassium

Which electrolyte can potentially lower blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels? Sodium Potassium Chloride Manganese

Potassium

Which life group is most susceptible to foodborne illnesses and intoxications? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!) Pregnant Women Adolescents (13-18 year-olds) Infants Elderly (65+) Adults Children

Pregnant Women Infants Elderly (65+) Children

Which supplement can support strong immunity in an infant? DHA Probiotics Infants should never be given supplements. Multivitamin

Probiotics

One function of beneficial (aka. "good") bacteria in the gut is: Bacteria are never beneficial in the gut. Feeding off the nutrients we consume. Controlling how much glucose our bodies absorb. Producing anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral agents.

Producing anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral agents.

Which nutrient functions to support growth, maintenance, and tissue repair? Fats Vitamins & Minerals Carbohydrates Proteins

Proteins

Which of the following nutrients contains nitrogen? Fats Proteins Water Carbohydrates

Proteins

Which of the following represents the greatest benefit of breastfeeding? Contains optimal fat content. Helps the mother lose weight quickly. Provides antibodies to build the baby's immune system. Cost effective

Provides antibodies to build the baby's immune system.

Which of the following are functions of water in the body? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!) Regulate body temperature. Maintain acid-base balance (pH) Cleanse the body Maintain blood volume

Regulate body temperature. Maintain acid-base balance (pH) Maintain blood volume

Which of the following is NOT a major function of electrolytes? Nerve conduction Maintain fluid balance. Maintains acid-base balance of body fluids. Regulate heart rhythms.

Regulate heart rhythms.

Joan wants to improve her muscular strength. Which type of activity would be the MOST effective to achieve this goal? Resistance training Aerobic training Stretching Endurance training

Resistance training

The three components of total energy expenditure include: Resting energy expenditure, physical activity, and sleep activity. Resting energy expenditure, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food. Resting energy expenditure, physical activity, and adaptive thermogenesis. Resting energy expenditure, the thermic effect of food, and adaptive thermogenesis.

Resting energy expenditure, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food.

All the following are associated with developing toddlers' healthy eating habits EXCEPT: Snacking on healthy foods between meals. Including toddlers in food shopping and preparation. Rewarding meal completion and good behavior with a desert. Consuming small portion sizes.

Rewarding meal completion and good behavior with a desert.

Which of the following are examples of carbohydrate-rich foods? Beef and Nuts Bacon and Eggs Rice and Oatmeal Butter and Olive Oil

Rice and Oatmeal

Which of the following is a form of aerobic training? Yoga Stretching Running Weight lifting

Running

Which of the following fatty acids is generally solid at room temperature? Polyunsaturated Short-Chain Saturated Monounsaturated

Saturated

When reading a food label, the macronutrient and micronutrient values are based on: The ingredient list. Serving size. Net contents of the package. Nutrition information.

Serving size.

________ determines a protein's function. Shape Length Weight Size

Shape

Most absorption of nutrients occurs in what organ of the digestive system? Small Intestine Large Intestine Stomach Liver

Small Intestine

What ultimately dictates the structure of a protein synthesized by the body? The availability of amino acids. The ribosome inside the cell. The DNA inside the nucleus. The combination of proteins consumed in the diet.

The DNA inside the nucleus.

Calories are: The energy released from the nutrients in food. Fat molecules burned during exercise. The amount of nutrients in a specific food. Provided by vitamins and minerals.

The energy released from the nutrients in food.

The lacteal is part of what organ system? The inflammatory system. The circulatory system. The immune system. The nervous system.

The immune system.

The RDAs are dietary standards defining recommended intake values of nutrients for: Making people more healthy. Sick people. Everyone The prevention of nutrient deficiencies.

The prevention of nutrient deficiencies.

A healthy diet includes all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: An adequate amount of energy to maintain a proper body composition. The standard American portion sizes. A variety of colors and types of foods. The right combinations of foods groups

The standard American portion sizes.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding essential fatty acids? They reduce inflammation. They are critical for proper brain and cognitive development. They are abundant in our diets. EFAs will reduce the risks associated with heart disease.

They are abundant in our diets.

What is one reason unhealthy foods seem to be least expensive? Farmers must pay extra for organic certification. They are higher quality. They are subsidized by the government. They are not in high demand.

They are subsidized by the government.

Why are healthy fats and oils important for our health? They contain important vitamins and minerals. They increase body fat. They can lower bad LDL cholesterol and inflammation. You Answered They provide more energy.

They can lower bad LDL cholesterol and inflammation.

Fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables are superior to canned for all the following reasons, EXCEPT: The nutrients haven't been destroyed by excessive heat and pressure They include more vitamins and minerals. They include more fiber. They don't have added sugars, salt, or preservatives.

They include more fiber.

Which vitamin is often severely deficient in alcoholics? Thiamin Riboflavin Vitamin D Vitamin C

Thiamin

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of ______ hormones. Thyroid Estrogen Growth Steroid

Thyroid

Which hormone requires selenium for its synthesis? Insulin Thyroid Hormones Glucagon Estrogen

Thyroid Hormones

Why is rBGH (growth hormone) given to many U.S. dairy cows? To prevent the growth of microbes in the cows' milk. To improve the nutritional quality of the cows' milk. To increase milk production without increasing feed. To strengthen the cows' immune systems.

To increase milk production without increasing feed.

What is one root cause of the development of some forms of cancer? Too much red meat. Too much fat in the diet. Too many free radicals. Too little fish.

Too many free radicals.

What is the root cause of heart disease? Too much red meat. Too little fish. Too much fat in the diet. Too many free radicals.

Too many free radicals.

The process in which the message inside the DNA gets copied into an mRNA molecule and carried outside the nucleus, is called: Denaturation Hydrogenation Transcription Translation

Transcription

What is the primary form of fat in the diet? Triglycerides Phospholipids Sterols Glycerol

Triglycerides

When a phosphate atom is cleaved (broken off) of an ATP molecule, energy is released. True False

True

Which is the most common form of diabetes? Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus Gestational Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Which type of diabetes is most often developed from a sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary choices? Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Gestational Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Which of the following statements would be considered a "scientific" statement? Type 2 diabetes occurs when blood sugar remains higher than normal. Eating too much sugar will give you type 2 diabetes. An occasional donut won't hurt you. All sugar is bad for you.

Type 2 diabetes occurs when blood sugar remains higher than normal.

Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for preventing cross-contamination? Separating raw and cooked foods. Washing dishtowels and dishcloths often. Washing utensils and cutting boards in the dishwasher. Using the same cutting board for meat and vegetables.

Using the same cutting board for meat and vegetables.

Which antioxidant functions by directly donating electrons to free radicals? Iron Manganese Selenium Vitamin A

Vitamin A

Which vitamin, if supplemented in large quantities, will cause various birth defects and therefore, extra supplementation is not recommended? Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin A Vitamin K

Vitamin A

A reduced production of stomach acid in elderly adults can result in what nutrient deficiency? Vitamin C Vitamin B-12 All B-Complex vitamins. Vitamin D

Vitamin B-12

Rickets is a softening and deformity of long bones (femur and tibia) in the legs. This disease is caused by a deficiency of what vitamin? Vitamin B5 Vitamin D Vitamin C Vitamin K

Vitamin D

Which of the following nutrients is critical for the absorption of calcium? Vitamin D Phosphorus Iron Zinc

Vitamin D

How do you measure body fat distribution? Bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) Skin-fold Calipers BMI (body mass index) Waist to hip ratio

Waist to hip ratio

When exercising for less than 1 hour under normal conditions, what is the best choice for fluid replacement? Water Orange Juice Vitamin Water Gatorade

Water

Which of the following statements is most true regarding the typical American diet? We eat too much saturated fat. We don't eat enough omega-3 fat. We eat too much fat, in general. We eat too much omega-3 fat.

We don't eat enough omega-3 fat.

Which commonly consumed food is classified as a vegetable in MyPlate, but does not have the same quantity of nutrition as other vegetables, making it a poor nutritional choice as a vegetable? Green Peas Carrots Black Beans White Potatoes

White Potatoes

Which characteristics of a study are important to evaluate? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!) Who conducted the research Who paid for the research The size of the sample being tested (ie. # of participants) The university conducting the research

Who conducted the research Who paid for the research The size of the sample being tested (ie. # of participants)

Whole grains are more beneficial than enriched grains because they contain all the following EXCEPT: Starch Naturally occurring B vitamins and minerals. None of these are present in whole grains. Fiber Whole grains contain all of these components. Protein

Whole grains contain all of these components.

Having a good supply of probiotics in your gut will ensure which of the following? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!) Will neutralize toxins from your food. Keep yeast and bad bacteria from growing. Will protect your immune system and keep it functioning optimally. Will make you sick and nauseous. Will kill your intestinal villi.

Will neutralize toxins from your food. Keep yeast and bad bacteria from growing. Will protect your immune system and keep it functioning optimally.

It is possible to lose weight and improve body composition, while increasing your food intake. No Yes

Yes

A deficiency in what nutrient will cause an inability to remember dreams? Manganese Copper Folate Zinc

Zinc

Proteins make the body more ________ and ________ will help neutralize the body again. acidic, grains acidic, vegetables basic, grains basic, vegetables

acidic, vegetables

Which of the following artificial sweeteners break down into a cumulative poison? saccharin (Sweet 'n low) aspartame sucralose (Splenda) acesulfame-K (Equal)

aspartame

Which of the following would be the best food to first introduce to a 6 month old infant? avocado banana green beans yogurt

avocado

Symptoms of vitamin C deficiency would include: night blindness nosebleeds bleeding gums dementia

bleeding gums

When blood calcium levels fall, which of the following does NOT occur? a. PTH is produced and activates vitamin D. c. Calcitonin is produced and activates vitamin D. b. Vitamin D stimulates the kidneys to resorb calcium. d. Vitamin D increases the absorption of calcium from the intestines.

c. Calcitonin is produced and activates vitamin D.

A complete protein_______________. contains all 9 essential amino acids contains all 20 amino acids has not been denatured is composed of di- and tripeptide

contains all 9 essential amino acids

Bile is made by the ______ and aids in the digestion of ________. pancreas; fats liver, fats gallbladder; protein pancreas, carbohydrates

liver, fats

For fatty acids to cross from the intestine into the intestinal cell, they must be packaged with bile to form a ________. To then cross from the intestinal cell, into the blood vessel, fatty acids must be packaged into a molecule called a ________. LDL, HDL chylomicron, LDL glycerol, micelle micelle, chylomicron

micelle, chylomicron

Antioxidant enzyme systems, in the body, require certain _______ in order to function. Vitamin E vitamins minerals selenium

minerals

A sign of vitamin A deficiency would include: night blindness anemia white spots on the nails scurvy

night blindness

A chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons is ___________. denaturation oxidation radiation reduction

oxidation

Chemical digestion of protein is accomplished using ________. proteases, HCI, and pepsinogen pepsinogen HCI proteases and HCI only proteases

proteases, HCI, and pepsinogen

A protein's _______ structure refers to the nonfunctional, twisting, spiral shape formed by the sequence and attractions of its amino acids. secondary primary tertiary quaternary

secondary

A vast majority of fat digestion occurs in the __________. stomach small intestine mouth large intestine

small intestine

The process in which a ribosome bonds amino acids from an mRNA sequence, in order to make a protein, is referred to as __________. protein sequencing translation transcription denaturation

translation

Which of the following nutrients will function most effectively in preventing cancer? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!) Vitamins and minerals cannot prevent cancer. vitamin C iron vitamin E

vitamin C vitamin E

Vitamin C must assist ________ in its role as an antioxidant. vitamin E vitamin A selenium vitamin K

vitamin E

Electrolytes help to balance ________ in the body. vitamins minerals hormones water

water