N224 Exam 1
Failure to raise a side rail is which type of malpractice?
Breach of duty
Fidel
Loyalty; the promise that the individual will fulfill all commitments
Caring leadership
Servant leadership and emotional intelligence; choose to serve first and lead second; staff needs are met
Motivational Theories
We will act to get what we want but avoid doing whatever we don't want to do; Hawthrone -Herzberg and McClelland found elements similar to Maslow's hierarch of needs
Emotional Intelligence (EI)
a form of social intelligence that emphasizes the abilities to manage, recognize, and understand emotions and use emotions to guide appropriate thought and action -Leaders welcome constructive criticism, ask for help, can juggle multiple demands without losing focus, and turn problems into opportunities -attentive listener, recognizes unspoken concers, acknowledges others perspectives, and brings people together
The registered nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about leadership principles. Which statement made by a nursing student indicates the need for further teaching? a) "A leader has a formal position." b) "A leader intervenes with courage." c) "A leader organizes a group of colleagues." d) "A leader is a specific management position after promotion."
a) "A leader has a formal position." Rationale: leadership refers to performance
An RN is explaining to a student nurse what professionalism in nursing means. Which of the following statements, if made by the student nurse, demonstrates teaching has been successful? a) "Commitment to others means I should be honest and accountable for my actions." b) "I should encourage my fellow nurses to talk when they are having a bad day." c) "I should be flexible with myself and my fellow nurses when it comes to the dress code." d) "If I need a day off, I should promptly call in sick to give my manager plenty of time to find a replacement."
a) "Commitment to others means I should be honest and accountable for my actions." Rationale: commitment to others involves accountability for one's actions, lifelong learning, and commitment to colleagues.
A(This set of ethical principles provides the professional guidelines established by the ANA to maintain the highest standards for ideal conduct in practice. As a profession, the ANA wanted to establish rules and then incorporate guidelines for accountability and responsibility of each nurse within the practice setting.) Ethical principles for professional nursing practice in a clinical setting are guided by the principles of conduct that are written as the: a) American Nurses Association's (ANA's) Code of Ethics b) Nurse Practice Act (NPA) written by state legislation c) Standards of care from experts in the practice field d) Good Samaritan laws for civil guidelines
a) American Nurses Association's (ANA's) Code of Ethics
What is needed to give consent to a procedure? a) An appointed guardianship b) unemancipated minor c) Minimum 21 yr/old d) advocate for the child
a) An appointed guardianship Rationale: Must be appointed by the court and have full legal rights to choose management of care
A registered nurse (RN) is caring for a patient who is one of Jehovah's Witnesses and has refused a blood transfusion even though her hemoglobin is dangerously low. After providing information about all the alternatives available and risks and benefits of each, the health-care provider allows the patient to determine which course of treatment she would prefer. The RN knows this is an example of which ethical principle? a) Autonomy b) Nonmaleficence c) Beneficence d) Distributive justice
a) Autonomy; Rationale: right to make his or her own decisions. b) no harm be done, either deliberately or unintentionally; requires the nurse to protect indiviudals who lack ability to protect self, ex. infant, person under general anesthesia, or physical/mental condition, c) good be done for the benefit of others, requires helping pt meet all their needs, physically, socially, or emotionally; caring, having knowledge and understanding of individual situations d) treat everyone equal; necessitates the fair allocation of responsibilities and advantages, especially in a society where resources may be limited; what society, or a larger group feels in indebted to ints individual members regarding individual needs, contributions, and responsibilites, resouces available, and the society's or organizations responsibility to the common good
The patient who had a colonoscopy one hour ago suddenly experiences bright red rectal bleeding, becomes diaphoretic, and is short of breath. The nurse decides to implement standing emergency orders and initiates oxygen per mask and increases the patient's IV rate while a colleague contacts the patient's physician. Which critical element of nursing is this nurse demonstrating? Standard Text: Select all that apply. a) Autonomy. b) Responsibility. c) Delegation. d) Accountability. e) Relevance.
a) Autonomy; nurse makes independent judgement about clinical issue within scope of practice. b) Responsibility; entrusted when caring for a postop pt d) Accountability; accept responsibility for client outcomes
Being able to think systematically involves: a) Being able to consider the "Big Picture," beyond the needs of your unit. b) Considering what nursing tasks need to be completed before the next medication pass. c) Focusing on the number of patients each nurse is assigned, unrelated to patient acuity. d) Refusing to come to staff meetings on your day off.
a) Being able to consider the "Big Picture," beyond the needs of your unit. Rationale: other options look at shor-term and offer lack of flexibility
The Situational Leadership Model focuses on: a) Both followers and the task b) The task c) The follower d) The behavior of others
a) Both followers and the task Rationale: considers the complexity of a situation and includes the followers and task at hand
The nurse calls the health care provider (HCP) regarding a new medication prescription because the dosage prescribed is higher than the recommended dosage. The nurse is unable to locate the HCP, and the medication is due to administered. Which action should the nurse take? a) Contact the nursing supervisor b) Administer the dose prescribed c) Hold the medication until the HCP can be contacted d) Administer the recommended dose until the HCP can be located
a) Contact the nursing supervisor
An effective leader will have: Select all that apply. a) Courage and integrity b) A critical mind-set c) The ability to set priorities d) The ability to provide feedback
a) Courage and integrity b) A critical mind-set c) The ability to set priorities d) The ability to provide feedback Rationale: they are also good followers and work with their team on shared goals
A nurse was caring for a patient who reported syncopal episodes. The nurse placed the call bell in reach, and instructed the patient not to get out of bed without assistance. The patient forgot to call the nurse and got out of bed to go to the bathroom. The patient fell and broke a hip. The patient is now suing for negligence. What needs to be considered to constitute a negligence claim? Select all that apply. a) Duty b) Breach of duty c) Spontaneous duty d) Harm
a) Duty b) Breach of duty d) Harm
Historically professionalism has been difficult to define. What was a characteristic that was in an early definition? a) Expertise b) Empathy c) Ethical and moral values d) Honesty
a) Expertise; only looked at knowledge and expertise Rationale: b) is modern view, c) is code of ethics, d) modern view
Which skills would be essential for an effective nurse manager to develop and improve collaboration with others? Select all that apply. a) Flexibility b) Reacting hastily c) Showing frustration d) Ability to listen to others e) Ability to share information and ideas
a) Flexibility d) Ability to listen to others e) Ability to share information and ideas
Which strategy of the nurse leader regarding the quality improvement (QI) process requires revising? a) Focus is on correcting errors. b) The task includes staff development. c) The leader involves the interprofessional team. d) Outcomes are set with input from clients and staff.
a) Focus is on correcting errors. Rationale: QI focuses on preventing errors rather than correcting them
What is true about APRNs? Select all that apply. a) Function independently b) Function as unit directors c) Work in acute care settings d) Work in university setting e) Hold advanced degrees
a) Function independently e) Hold advanced degrees
A nurse leader has prepared an objective for strategic planning. Which point indicates that the nurse possesses the ability to write objectives clearly and concisely? a) Inclusion of the timeline and deadline b) Leaving expectations open to interpretation c) Starting with an article followed by a noun d) Specifying multiple dates for the attainment of a goal
a) Inclusion of the timeline and deadline Rationale: for objectives to be clear and concise the timeframe within which the activity or improvement must be achieved; no question about expectations
The nurse notices that a colleague's behaviors have changed during the past month. Which behaviors could indicate signs of impairment? Select all that apply. a) Is increasingly absent from the nursing unit during the shift. b) Interacts well with others c) "Forgets" to sign out for administration of controlled substances. d) Offers to administer prn opiates for other nurse's clients e) Is able to say "no" to requests to work more shifts.
a) Is increasingly absent from the nursing unit during the shift. c) "Forgets" to sign out for administration of controlled substances. d) Offers to administer prn opiates for other nurse's clients
During orientation to a new position, the new nurse receives a copy of the ANA's Code of Ethics. What is the significance of this code for nurses? a) It sets forth the primary goals, values, and obligations of the profession. b) It determines who can enter the profession of nursing. c) It sets forth the practice guidelines for developing clinical pathways. d) It differentiates between the practice of nursing and the practice of medicine.
a) It sets forth the primary goals, values, and obligations of the profession.
A recent ethical issue has resulted in uneasiness and discomfort for several nurses on a unit. The unit manager has decided to discuss the issues at the next team meeting. The situation has resulted in which of the following for some of the nurses? a) Moral suffering b) Moral distress c) Ethical dilemma d) Veracity
a) Moral suffering Rationale: feelings of uneasiness or concern regarding behaviors or circumstances that challenge their own morals and beliefs; may be related to policies, orders, or family attitudes about patients b) know the action they need to take but find themselves unable to act, challenges nurses' integrity and authenticity; suffer from emotional and physical problems c) a choice between 2 serious alternatives, occurs when a problem exists that forces a choice between 2 or more ethical principles; feelings of anger, frustration, and fear; often override rational decision making d) truthful
A primary care provider prescribes one tablet, but the nurse accidentally administers two. After notifying the primary care provider, the nurse monitors the client carefully for untoward effects of which there are none. Is the client likely to be successful in suing the nurse for malpractice? a) No, the client was not harmed b) No, the nurse notified the primary care provider c) Yes, a breach of duty exists d) Yes, foreseeability is present
a) No, the client was not harmed Rationale: in order to file a lawsuit for malpractice damages such as duty, foreseeability causation, or harm/injury must be proven
As an advocate for the client, the nurse must make sure that "safe, effective care" is given in conformity with the: a) Nurse Practice Act (NPA). b) American Nursing Association (ANA) c) National Council for Lisensure Examinations d) State Board of Licensure
a) Nurse Practice Act (NPA).
Which responsibility of the nurse manager differs from the responsibilities of a nurse leader? a) Planning the budget b) Motivating the team c) Resolving the conflicts d) Penalizing for poor performance
a) Planning the budget
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy. The nurse assessed the patient's port and found it was blocked and started a peripheral line to administer the chemotherapy. The medication infiltrated and caused permanent nerve damage to the patient's arm. The patient filed a malpractice suit against the nurse. How will the nurse's actions be evaluated? Select all that apply. a) Policies and Procedures of the institution b) Patient' Self-Determination Act c) Standards of Practice of the nursing organization d) Physician Expert
a) Policies and Procedures of the institution c) Standards of Practice of the nursing organization
A new unit manager works hard to get to know each of the staff members on the unit and determine what each staff member needs in order to effectively do his or her job. What type of management best describes this manager? a) Servant leader-style manager b) Networking manager c) Coaching manager d) Monitoring manager
a) Servant leader-style manager Rationale: values employees as individuals and is comitted to improving the way they are treated at work, and puts them 1st b) manager considers connection between their interactions with staff and patient outcomes c) manager takes time to carefully nurture an employee through learning d) Manager works to detect small issues before they turn into large problems
Nurses are bound by a variety of laws. Which description of a type of law is correct? a) Statutory law is created by elected legislature, such as the state legislature that defines the Nurse Practice Act (NPA). b) Regulatory law includes prevention of harm for the public and punishment for those laws that are broken. c) Common law protects the rights of the individual within society for fair and equal treatment. d) Criminal law creates boards that pass rules and
a) Statutory law is created by elected legislature, such as the state legislature that defines the Nurse Practice Act (NPA).
A nursing student is telling peers about a scheduled appointment with a primary care provider. The student says, "One of the office staff come to take my blood pressure and said, "I will be your nurse today." "I noticed the name tag said nursing technician." Which of the following is the best response the student should make when explaining the implications of the nurse practice acts related to the technician's statement? a) The RN title is defined and protected by the purpose of the nurse practice act. b) The title RN is defined and protected by licensure requirements. c) The RN title is defined and protected by the definition of nursing practice. d) The RN title is defined and protected by the nurse's scope of practice.
a) The RN title is defined and protected by the purpose of the nurse practice act.
A nurse practices beneficence when teaching a class of adolescents about the risks of drinking and driving. Beneficence is best described as: a) The actions one takes should promote good. b) Always telling the truth c) The right to self-determination d) Do no harm and safeguard the client.
a) The actions one takes should promote good.
Which statement about an institutional ethics committee is correct? a) The ethics committee is an additional resource for clients and healthcare professionals b) The ethics committee relieves health care professionals from dealing with ethical issues c) The ethics committee would be the first option in addressing an ethical dilemma d) The ethics committee replaces decision making by the client and health care providers
a) The ethics committee is an additional resource for clients and healthcare professionals
Following a motor vehicle crash, a nurse stops and offers assistance. Which of the following actions are most appropriate? Select all that apply. a) The nurse needs to know the Good Samaritan Act for the state. b) The nurse is not held liable unless there is gross negligence c) After assessing the situation, the nurse can leave to obtain help. d) The nurse can expect compensation for helping. e) The nurse offers to help but cannot insist on helping.
a) The nurse needs to know the Good Samaritan Act for the state. b) The nurse is not held liable unless there is gross negligence e) The nurse offers to help but cannot insist on helping.
A staff nurse provides patient care under the ethical principle of beneficence. How does this principle affect nursing practice and ethical decision making? a) The patient is discharged at the time expected and has no complications. b) Patients have the right to determine their own rights. c) Patients have the right to be treated fairly. d) Patients have the right to be told the truth.
a) The patient is discharged at the time expected and has no complications. Rationale: to do no harm; patient received quality care b) autonomy c) justice d) veracity
Nurses today work in a wide variety of health care settings. What trend occurred during World War II that had a tremendous effect on this development in the nursing profession? a) There was a shortage of nurses and an increased emphasis on education. b) Emphasis on the war slowed development of knowledge in medicine and technology c) The role of the nurse focused on acute technical skills used in hospital settings. d) Nursing was dependent on the medical profession to define its priorities.
a) There was a shortage of nurses and an increased emphasis on education. Rationale: During World War II, large numbers of women worked outside the home. They became more independent and assertive, which led to an increased emphasis on education. The war itself created a need for more nurses and resulted in a knowledge explosion in medicine and technology. This trend broadened the role of nurses to include practicing in a wide variety of health care settings.
Which of the following best describes the ethical concept of values? a) Values are an individual's feelings about situations. b) Values are learned through family systems. c) Values are organized ways of thinking about the meaning of life. d) Values determine the rightness or wrongness of behavior.
a) Values are an individual's feelings about situations.
Which is excluded from the competencies of nurse leader? a) Work individually b) Utilize informatics c) Provide client centered care d) Employ evidence-based practice
a) Work individually Rationale: should work in an interdisciplinary team
The Social Security Act of 1935 impacted public health nursing because it had provisions for care to which of the following vulnerable populations? a) Disabled children b) Mentally disabled c) Older adults d) Opioid addicts
a) disabled children: rationale: for dependent mothers and children, the blind and disabled
What is covered in the Nurse Practice act? Select all that apply. a) violations that may result in disciplinary action b) clinical procedures c) med admin d) scope of practice e) delegation policies
a) violations that may result in disciplinary action d) scope of practice
Confidentiality
anything patients say to nurses or HCP must be held in strictest confidence
A nurse was called before the State Board of Nursing. The nurse had been in practice for over six years, had her license suspended because an audit of her continuing education credits showed that she had not met the mandatory course requirements. The Board of Nursing has the ability to do this based on: a) Case law b) Administrative law c) Civil law d) Statutory law
b) Administrative law
An attorney for a healthcare organization is sponsoring an educational seminar about legal issues affecting nurses. What type of cases involving nurses fall under the category of criminal law? a) Negligence, personal injury, and medical malpractice b) Assault and battery, murder, robbery, and rape c) Informed consent, confidentiality, and DNR d) Living wills and durable power of attorney for healthcare
b) Assault and battery, murder, robbery, and rape Rationale: a) tort law, c) personal rights issues; potential civil suits, d) personal rights issues; potential civil suits
The nurse manager for the emergency department (ED) is preparing the staff for the arrival of multiple trauma patients. Which type of leadership will the nurse manager implement? a) Laissez-faire b) Autocratic c) Democratic d) Bureaucratic
b) Autocratic Rationale: depending on the situation the management style can change, in emergent situations someone in control, delegating activities is best
Typically the nurse manager of a unit uses a participatory style of leadership. Today a patient suffered a cardiac arrest; the manager took over the patient's care, issuing orders, and expecting staff to obey them immediately. Which type of leadership did this manager exhibit today? Select all that apply. a) Bureaucratic. b) Autocratic. c) Permissive. d) Directive. e) Authoritarian.
b) Autocratic. d) Directive. e) Authoritarian.
Which action is the most important nursing responsibility when an ethical issue arises? a) Remaining neutral and detached when making ethical decisions b) Being able to defend the morality of one's own actions c) Ensuring that a team is responsible for deciding ethical questions d) Following the client and family wishes exactly
b) Being able to defend the morality of one's own actions Rationale: A nurse's actions in an ethical dilemma must be defensible according to moral and ethical standards.
Although technology has seen many advances, which two ethical principles may be in conflict because of technology? a) Beneficence and justice b) Beneficence and nonmaleficence c) Beneficence and veracity d) Beneficence and confidentiality
b) Beneficence and nonmaleficence Rationale: Beneficence is the principle of doing good to benefit others. Nonmaleficence is the principle of doing no harm to others. Technological advances can cause the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence to develop into an ethical dilemma.
How does a nurse leader effectively implement change in an organization? a) By avoiding using managerial skills b) By using personal and professional skills c) By avoiding giving timely feedback to team members d) By removing the ineffective team members from the group
b) By using personal and professional skills
An RN cared for a state senator during the day shift. Later that day he was having dinner with friends when the news mentioned the senator had been hospitalized. The RN's friends asked if he knew what was wrong with the senator. Which ethical principle should the RN consider when replying? a) Fidelity b) Confidentiality c) Veracity d) Accountability
b) Confidentiality
A nurse manager conducts evaluations with each staff member and reviews the staffing needs for the upcoming year. Which of the following best describes the behavior this manager is engaging in? a) Interpersonal activities b) Decisional activities c) Informational activities d) Transformational activities
b) Decisional activities Rationale: includes decision making about resource allocation, planning for the future, hiring and firing, and employee evaluations a) networking, developing, and coaching employees c) acquiring info from admin and passing it along to staff, or vice versa d) type of leadership
What changes or advances in nursing occurred between the 1960s and 1980s? a) Decreased demand for health care. b) Development of specialty care disciplines. c) Gender discrimination d) Advances in technology leading to more generalized care.
b) Development of specialty care disciplines. ; ICU, Neuro, and Cardio Rationale: a) increased, c) 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibited gender discrimination, d) led to creation of specialty care
What are the qualities of an effective leader? Select all that apply. a) Born with the right stuff b) Elicit a vision from people c) Bring out the best in people d) Engender discipline and obedience e) Inspire people to bring the vision into reality
b) Elicit a vision from people c) Bring out the best in people e) Inspire people to bring the vision into reality
A nurse graduated from an associate degree nursing program two years ago. The nurse is brought before the State Board of Nursing for offering to give physicals for $25.00 to children who needed them for or summer camp. What charge can the State Board of Nursing apply to the nurse? a) Misdemeanor b) Felony c) Tort d) Larceny
b) Felony Rationale: includes acts of homicide, grand larceny (theft), and nurse practice act violations
Which nursing actions could result in malpractice? Select all that apply. a) Learns about a new piece of equipment b) Forgets to complete the assessment of a client c) Does not follow up on client's complaints. d) Charts client's drug allergies e) Questions primary care provider about an illegible order
b) Forgets to complete the assessment of a client c) Does not follow up on client's complaints.
A young nurse has been promoted to nurse manager of an inpatient surgical unit. The nurse is concerned that older nurses may not respect the manager's authority because of the age difference. How can this nurse manager best exercise authority? a) Use critical thinking to solve problems on the unit. b) Give assignments clearly, taking staff expertise into consideration. d) Understand complex health care environments. d) Maintain an autocratic approach to influence results.
b) Give assignments clearly, taking staff expertise into consideration. Rationale: The young nurse who takes staff expertise into consideration when making assignments is likely to be more successful in leading the group.
An effective follower: a) Is a passive employee b) Is skilled and self-directed c) Is less valuable d) Is never supportive of new ideas
b) Is skilled and self-directed
A unit team leader who fails to provide direction to his or her nursing care team is a(n): a) Democratic leader b) Laissez-faire leader c) Autocratic leader d) Situational leader
b) Laissez-faire leader; fails to provide direction; passive and inactive a) important plans and decisions are made as a team; flexible and increases motivation and creativity c) gives orders and makes decisions for the group; squelches creativity and may reduce team member motivation; less trust and decreased morale
Which actions can the mentor take to develop effective leadership qualities in the aspiring leader? Select all that apply. a) Avoiding criticism b) Modeling behavior c) Noting the mistakes d) Giving timely feedback e) Providing appropriate advice
b) Modeling behavior d) Giving timely feedback e) Providing appropriate advice
Which of the following best demonstrates the concept of followership? a) Completing the tasks associated with your patient assignment without deviation with the intent of receiving praise from your manage. b) Preparing for a committee meeting by reviewing the agenda and supplemental materials, so that you can be an active participant in the meeting. c) Assessing a clinical situation and following a set of guidelines in order to delegate tasks to unlicensed personnel. d) Administering medications to patients in conjunction with other nursing actions in order to make effective use of your time
b) Preparing for a committee meeting by reviewing the agenda and supplemental materials, so that you can be an active participant in the meeting. Rationale: Preparing for a meeting helps them be an active participant. a & c= managing, d) time management
What would the nurse state is a characteristic of an effective leader? a) Autocratic behavior b) Problem-solving skills c) Culture of zero tolerance for violence d) Emphasis on inconsistent job performance
b) Problem-solving skills
Nursing staff members are sitting in the lounge taking their morning break. An unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) tells the group that she thinks that the unit secretary has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and proceeds to tell the nursing staff that the secretary probably contracted the disease from her husband, who is supposedly a drug addict. Which legal tort has the UAP violated? a) Libel b) Slander c) Assault d) Negligence
b) Slander; verbal defamation is a false communication/careless disregard for the truth and causes damage to someone's reputation a) is in writing c) puts another person in fear of a harmful or offensive contact d) actions of professionals that fall below standard of care
A nurse manager works hard to keep employee morale high with the thought that this will lead to effective employees doing the best work they can. Which of the following theories does this best describe? a) Theory X b) Theory Y c) Servant leadership d) Scientific management
b) Theory Y Rationale: Human-relations based management that emphasizes guidance and developement over control and close supervision. Focuses on morale and motivation a) people dont want to work so they need encouragement c) employees come 1st d) task is designed well and employees are motivated the workers are productive
The nurse hung a unit of blood on the wrong client, resulting in an anaphylactic reaction in the client. During the resuscitation, the nurse does not reveal that the wrong blood was given. Which moral principle was absent in the nurse's actions? a) Human dignity b) Veracity c) Autonomy d) Social justice
b) Veracity Rationale: truthful, no matter the outcome. Lying jeopardizes the health of the client
A nurse is asked to care for an openly gay client with AIDS. The nurse tells her supervisor that caring for the client is against her religious beliefs. Does this nurse have an ethical obligation to care for the client? a) No, because the client's behavior caused him to contract AIDS. b) Yes, unless the risk exceeds the responsibility. c) No, the nurse does not have to violate religious beliefs. d) No, it may be distasteful to the nurse.
b) Yes, unless the risk exceeds the responsibility. Rationale: The nurse has an ethical obligation to care for the client regardless of the client's reason for contracting the disease. The nurse's religious beliefs are not a valid reason to decline to care for the client.
The majority of the NCLEX-RN examination items focus on the evaluation of a graduate nurse's: a) understanding of how nursing interventions support health and recovery. b) ability to relate nursing knowledge to needed nursing care. c) ability to remember details regarding effective nursing care. d) comprehension of necessary and basic nursing theory.
b) ability to relate nursing knowledge to needed nursing care.
Although requirements governing the practice of advance practice nursing may vary significantly, all states require: a) a master's degree in nursing. b) certification in the specialty area. c) 10 years of practice in the specialty area. d) a supervisory relationship with a physician.
b) certification in the specialty area.
Which situation is a violation of the underlying principles associated with professional nursing ethics? a) A client reports that he didn't tell the doctor the truth when asked if he was following his therapeutic diet at home. b) The nurses on the unit agree to sponsor a fund-raising event to support a labor strike proposed by fellow nurses at another facility. c) A nurse colleague states, "I never look up medication indications. I just give what is prescribed." d) The hospital policy permits use of internal fetal monitoring during labor even though there is literature that both supports and refutes the value of this practice.
c) A nurse colleague states, "I never look up medication indications. I just give what is prescribed." Rationale: safety and minimize the risks are ignored if the nurse does not look up indications and could lead to a medication error
Scientific management and human relations-based approach are two major theoretical management schools of thought. Which of the following best describes the scientific model of management? a) A nurse manager considers methods of motivating the staff to do their assigned tasks. b) A nurse manager commends staff for the work they do, reminding them of the importance of their work and the lives they have saved. c) A nurse manager analyzes the role of each staff member on the unit to determine ways to increase efficiency. d) A conflict between two staff nurses has impacted an entire unit. The unit manager meets with the nurses and entire staff to promote mutual understanding.
c) A nurse manager analyzes the role of each staff member on the unit to determine ways to increase efficiency. Rationale: McGregor's theories X and Y provide a good contrast between scientific and human-relations management; in scientific management it looks at analysis to be the best method of improving efficacy a) Theory X, human-relations management, states employees don't want to work very hard, so management should keep them motivated, b) Theory Y of human-relations management, claims that work itself can motivate employees and managers just provide support and keep morale high, d) Theory Y of human-relations management were it encourages managers to work out conflicts and promote mutual understanding in order to establish a good environment
What challenge did the profession of nursing face? a) Due to fear, nursing contributed to the stigma of AIDS in the 1980s. b) During the Korean War, nursing practice grew in field hospitals where supplies and equipment was abundant. c) After the Vietnam War, nurses felt that they had lack of independence when they returned home. d) Ethical dilemmas led to a decline in the number of hospice nurses.
c) After the Vietnam War, nurses felt that they had lack of independence when they returned home.
Managers may or may not be leaders; however, managers do all of the following EXCEPT: a) Build a culture of teamwork. b) Collaborate and translate direction into action, warning the team of potential barriers to the vision. c) Avoid addressing complexity so that the staff does not worry and change may occur anyway. d) Organize, plan, control, and solve problems.
c) Avoid addressing complexity so that the staff does not worry and change may occur anyway. Rationale: they SHOULD address complexity and facilitate change
Values are learned through which of the following methods? a) Reading books b) Formal degrees c) Continuous reinforcement d) Meeting diverse individuals
c) Continuous reinforcement Rationale: as a child
Compare and contrast manager roles and leadership roles by choosing the options that are more aligned with the manager role. Select all that apply. a) Focus is change. b) Have the ability to influence others. c) Control the environment. d) Focus is on people. e) Focus on efficiency.
c) Control the environment. e) Focus on efficiency.
What qualities does the professional nurse require to lead, manage, and follow in a team? Select all that apply. a) Being insensitive b) Impeding relationships c) Exercising self-awareness d) Motivating self and others e) Managing emotions in self and others
c) Exercising self-awareness d) Motivating self and others e) Managing emotions in self and others Rationale: Managing emotions, such as fear, anxiety, and anger, and responding to those feelings in a healthy manner, as well as avoiding passive-aggressive behavior, are traits that the nurse should have to manage a team. The nurse should have the desire to deepen self-awareness and encourage others to do the same to follow in a team. Motivating or inspiring self and others towards a goal is another quality that the nurse should have to lead a team. The nurse should be empathetic and able to reveal others' perspective in a situation. Fostering and handling relationships is another one of the abilities the nurse should have when leading and managing a team.
A patient was brought to the emergency department by two police officers. The patient was combative and verbally abusive. After waiting for over an hour, the patient tells the nurse he is leaving. The nurse removes Larry's clothes from the room, leaving him only in his underwear. The nurse may be charged with: a) Cruel and unusual punishment b) Slander and libel c) False imprisonment d) Assault and battery
c) False imprisonment Rationale: confining an individual against their will with restraints, detainment, removing clothing to prevent them to leave facility, and threatening them
What is true of autocratic leaders? a) Postpone decision making as long as possible b) Share leadership with members of the team c) Give orders and make decisions without consulting the team d) Encourage creativity when problem solving
c) Give orders and make decisions without consulting the team members
You just graduated your AD year of nursing school and are preparing to take the NCLEX. What is true? a) Upon graduation from nursing school, you can use the title RN. b) Because the NCLEX is a national examination, your RN license will allow you to practice in all states and territories of the United States. c) If your home state participates in the compact agreement, you may practice in other states participating in the agreement, but should renew your license in your home state. d) The RN license is a permissive license.
c) If your home state participates in the compact agreement, you may practice in other states participating in the agreement, but should renew your license in your home state.
Which of the following represents outcomes of transformational leadership? a) Deadlines are met. b) Work is completed according to the rules. c) Increased job satisfaction d) Pay tends to be higher.
c) Increased job satisfaction Rationale: when people are motivated and intellectually stimulated they have higher satisfaction.
While auditing unit documents, a nurse finds some omissions. Which term best describes when the nurse meets with the staff to discuss the findings and communicates ways to achieve the desired goals? a) Leadership b) Followership c) Management d) Decision making
c) Management Rationale: guiding, planning, and controlling others in a situation where communication is shared to improve clinical processes and outcomes is referred to as management a) process of identifying a goal or target, motivating others to act, and provide support and motivation to achieve goals, b) follows the leader or manager to ensure the best clinical decision making and actions to achieve goals, d) making crucial decisions
In most ethical dilemmas, the solution to the dilemma requires negotiation among members of the health care team. The nurse's point of view is valuable because: a) Nurses have a legal license that encourages their presence during ethical discussions. b) The principle of autonomy guides all participants to respect their own self-worth. c) Nurses develop a relationship to the client that is unique among all professional health care providers. d) The nurse's code of ethics recommends that a nurse be present at any ethical discussion about client care
c) Nurses develop a relationship to the client that is unique among all professional health care providers. Rationale: in the relationship they develop they also learn the patients beliefs and values and are their advocate in situations such as an ethical dilemma
You are visiting a school and discussing the profession of nursing. Which statement is true? a) Nurses must graduate from nursing school in order to obtain a license to practice. b) Nursing is a vocation that requires continuous education. c) Nurses function autonomously within their scope of practice. d) Nurses must adhere to expected professional behaviors in their lives.
c) Nurses function autonomously within their scope of practice. Not assistants to doctors, they can create care plans for their patients
Recent polls have placed nursing as one of the most trusted professions because of which of the following? a) Nurses engage in lifelong learning. b) Nurses abide by a dress code. c) Nurses have the skills needed to care for diverse populations. d) Nurses must pass the NCLEX in order to obtain a license to practice.
c) Nurses have the skills needed to care for diverse populations.
Nursing is a stressful position in a stressful work environment. Effective nurse managers are essential. Which of the following skills is needed for a nurse manager to be effective? a) Clinical knowledge b) Managerial skills c) Patient care coordination d) Human resource training
c) Patient care coordination Rationale: It includes scheduling, work flow, work assignments, monitoring the care provided, and documentation of care. a) important for nurses,
The parents of a child with no apparent brain function refuse to permit withdrawal of life support. Which moral principle is applied with the nurse's action to support the family's decision? a) Beneficence b) Justice c) Respect for autonomy d) Nonmaleficence
c) Respect for autonomy; client or surrogates right to make his or her own decisions
A democratic nurse leader consistently works to: a) Move the group toward the leader's goals b) Make little or no attempt to move the group c) Share leadership with the group d) Dampen creativity
c) Share leadership with the group Rationale: participative leaders
A registered nurse returning from vacation is a passenger on a flight from Los Angeles to New York. The flight attendant requests the help of a nurse or physician if one is on board. The nurse approaches the flight attendant and asks if she can assist. What statement in the Good Samaritan Act protects the nurse as a licensed healthcare provider? a) The provider may administer care any time. b) The provider is covered if he/she administers the same level of care as a paramedic. c) The provider is covered if he/she administers the level of care that any other prudent individual with the same education would provide d) The provider may perform care outside the scope of his/her scope of practice if he/she knows how to perform the required procedure
c) The provider is covered if he/she administers the level of care that any other prudent individual with the same education would provide Rationale: cannot receive payment, but can provide care within their scope of practice
When considering virtue ethics, which of the following is true? a) Virtue ethics attributes behaviors to moral rules. b) Virtue ethics attributes behaviors to knowledge of consequences. c) Virtue ethics focuses on moral character, rather than rules for behavior. d) Virtue ethics is a formal statement of rules for behavior.
c) Virtue ethics focuses on moral character, rather than rules for behavior.
The primary purpose of nursing licensure, now and in the past is to: a) raise nursing to the level of a profession. b) recognize the knowledge and skills of the professional nurse. c) provide the public with protection against poorly trained nurses. d) identify all persons who have graduated from a school of nursing.
c) provide the public with protection against poorly trained nurses.
Which of the following is the best definition for management? a) A manager is someone who does what is necessary to ensure employees get their work done. b) A manager controls the work of employees. c) A manager gets work done by organizing and controlling a group of employees. d) A manager accomplishes tasks through planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling work groups.
d) A manager accomplishes tasks through planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling work groups.
A non-nursing individual asks what the nursing code of ethics is and how it can act as a professional guide to care decisions. a) Improves communication between the nurse and patient. b) Protects the patient's right of autonomy. c) Ensures identical care to all patients. d) Acts as a guide for professional behaviors in patient care.
d) Acts as a guide for professional behaviors in patient care.
A nurse is caring for a patient who was admitted with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. The healthcare provider orders state that neurological assessments need to be preformed every 30 minutes. The nurse forgets to perform the assessments on two different occasions. An action that can lead to a malpractice suit would be: a)Assessing the patient more than once per shift. b) Explaining the patient's current condition to the family. c) Holding the next dose of sedation in order to perform a neurological assessment. d) Altering the time the assessments were performed
d) Altering the time the assessments were performed
Which of the following statements about ethical principles and laws is true? a) The government holds the power to enforce ethics. b) Laws provide standards that assist in decision making. c) Ethics are very specific. d) As a standard for measuring actions, ethical principles may be the basis for laws.
d) As a standard for measuring actions, ethical principles may be the basis for laws. Rationale: May form the basis of laws, but are NOT laws.
Although the client refused the procedure, the nurse insisted and inserted a nasogastric tube in the right nostril. The administrator of the hospital decides to settle the lawsuit because the nurse is most likely to be found guilty of which of the following? a) An unintentional tort b) Assault c) Invasion of Privacy d) Battery
d) Battery; intentional tort Rationale: willful touching of a person without permission a) unintentional tort/malpractice b) verbal threats
Which of the following recommendations is best for a new nurse manager? a) Work hard at becoming the type of manager your staff wants you to be, but balance this with becoming the type of manager your administration wants you to be. b) Remember it can take 6 months to feel comfortable in a new position. c) Start out with mentoring other new nurse managers. d) Engage in extensive personal development.
d) Engage in extensive personal development. Rationale: a novice nurse manager requires personal development and learning
In the United States, access to health care usually depends on a client's ability to pay for health care, either through insurance or by paying cash. The client the nurse is caring for needs a liver transplant to survive. This client has been out of work for several months and does not have insurance or enough cash. A discussion about the ethics of this situation would involve predominantly the principle of: a) Accountability, because you as the nurse are accountable for the well being of this client b) Respect of autonomy, because this client's autonomy will be violated if he does not receive the liver transplant c) Ethics of care, because the caring thing that a nurse could provide this patient is resources for a liver transplant d) Justice, because the first and greatest question in this situation is how to determine the just distribution of resources
d) Justice, because the first and greatest question in this situation is how to determine the just distribution of resources Rationale: Justice=fairness
"The function of the nurse is to assist with the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death)", was said by who? a) Henderson b) Rogers c) Robb d) Nightingale
d) Nightingale; defined nursing function in both the sick and the well
Which of the following statements is true regarding nursing ethics? a) Nursing ethics focus on the organizational level at the workplace. b) Nursing ethics focus on the duties and rules of behavior for professional nurses. c) Nursing ethics focus on the moral character of nurses. d) Nursing ethics focus on the experiences and needs of nurses.
d) Nursing ethics focus on the experiences and needs of nurses. AND also the nurses perception
A nurse manager in the emergency department considers policy changes in the organization and changes in the community, and tries to predict how these may impact the functioning of the unit. Which of the following decisional activities best describes this manager's actions? a) Resource allocation b) Monitoring c) Job analysis and redesign d) Planning for the future
d) Planning for the future Rationale: a) annual budget, b) detects early signs of a problem, c) works to make the unit as efficient as possible because of cost constraints
Which concept related to transformational leadership allows the nurse manager to change staff attitudes and behaviors towards meeting an expected outcome? a) Vision b) Influence c) Values d) Power
d) Power Rationale: enables the leader to influence others and can help change staff attitudes
Which statement would best explain the role of the nurse when planning care for a culturally diverse population? The nurse will plan care to: a) Include care that is culturally congruent with the staff from predetermined criteria b) Focus only on the needs of the client, ignoring the nurse's beliefs and practices c) Blend the values of the nurse that are for the good of the client and minimize the client's individual values and beliefs during care d) Provide care while aware of one's own bias, focusing on the client's individual needs rather than the staff's practices
d) Provide care while aware of one's own bias, focusing on the client's individual needs rather than the staff's practices Rationale: Without understanding one's own beliefs and values, a bias or preconceived belief by the nurse could create an unexpected conflict or an area of neglect in the plan of care for a client
The NCLEX is the same in all states within the US. It: a) Guarantees safe nursing care for all patients. b) Ensures standard nursing care for all patients. c) Ensures that honest and ethical care is provided. d) Provides a minimal standard or knowledge for an RN in practice.
d) Provides a minimal standard or knowledge for an RN in practice.
Which action of the registered nurse (RN) represents his or her leadership ability? a) Pursuing higher professional courses b) Performing home visits to care for a client c) Modifying the diet chart as per the client's condition d) Supervising the tasks assigned to unlicensed nursing personnel
d) Supervising the tasks assigned to unlicensed nursing personnel
An RN knows that sometimes, when working through an ethical dilemma, the decision makers are unable to arrive at a mutually agreed upon decision. Which of the following is a reason why an agreement cannot be reached? a) One or more of the parties may be able to reconcile their values. b) The patient's point of view is recognized as valuable. c) The dilemma involves two or more equally unpleasant choices. d) The institution is unable to honor the patient's request.
d) The institution is unable to honor the patient's request. Rationale: When a pt request that is not possible within the institution occurs, a solution may not be possible and the patient may need to be transferred to a different institution that may be able to honor the request.
The nurse overhears a client on the phone arguing with someone about having the right to choose a healthcare plan. The nurse recognizes that the client's topic is addressed in: a) Medicare bill of rights b) State law c) The ANA Code of Ethics d) U.S. Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection
d) U.S. Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection Rationale: Addresses the client's right to choose a) does not have a bill of rights b) enacted from federal laws c) determines practice ethics of nurses
A state attorney decides to charge a nurse with manslaughter for allegedly administering lethal medication. This is an example of what type of law? a) public law b) private law c) civil law d) criminal law
d) criminal law
moral leadership
has integrity and appears to others as "good" or "right" by ethical standards
Transformational Leadership
leadership that, enabled by a leader's vision and inspiration, exerts significant influence; emphasizes that people need a sense of mission; communicate their vision in a meaningful way
Situational Theories
propose that leader styles should match the situation at hand; emphasize the importance of understanding ALL factors that affect a group of people in a specific environment
