Nail Chapter 3 Skin Structure

a common, potentially serious bacterial skin infection a. Cellulitus b. Dermatitis

a. Cellulitus

A condition characterized by increased pigmentation on the skin from dark spots that are not elevated a. Chloasma b. Lentigenes

a. Chloasma

The technical term for freckles a. Lentigenes b. Albinism

a. Lentigenes

A skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches; caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment-producing cells a. Leukoderma b. Chloasma

a. Leukoderma

A client has significant sun damage and is experiencing side effects of UVA ray overexposure. Which side effects is the client MOST likely to have? a. Loss of skin tone and wrinkles b. Sunburns c. Decreased levels of melatonin d. Body unable to synthesize vitamin D

a. Loss of skin tone and wrinkles

Which is NOT a legal aspect of a nail technician's job? a. Prescribing b. Beautification of skin on hands c. Cleansing d. Preservation of health

a. Prescribing

The UV energy of the sun reaches the skin in what two forms? a. UVA and UVB energy b. UVA and UVD energy c. UV1 and UV7 energy d. UV1 and UV2 energy

a. UVA and UVB energy

The technical term for wart a. Verruca b. Tinea manus c. Tinea pedis d. lesion

a. Verruca

Milky-white spots (leukoderma) of the skin. Vitiligo is hereditary and may be related to thyroid conditions a. Vitiligo b. Tan

a. Vitiligo

Is limited to the surface layers in the epidermis because of their molecular size. Only very small amounts of some substances may be absorbed between the skin cells through the hair follicles and sebaceous gland openings. a. absorption b. protection c. sensation d. absorption

a. absorption

The skin is _______-resistant and water-resistant because it is covered by sebum. a. chemical b. heat c. UVB d. cold

a. chemical

A closed, abnormally developed sac containing pus, semifluid, or morbid matter, above or below the skin. a. cyst b. tubercle

a. cyst

Perspiration from the sweat glands is excreted through the skin. Water lost through perspiration also removes salts, minerals and other chemical substances. a. excretion b. sensation c. protection d. absorption

a. excretion

A _____ is a crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. a. fissure b. scale c. crust d. keloid

a. fissure

The term that is used to describe any mark, wound, or abnormality a. lesion b. tumor

a. lesion

A flat spot or discoloration of the skin, such as a freckle a. macule b. tumor

a. macule

To avoid allergies when working with monomer liquids or UV gels, you should never _____________ your own product blends. a. mix b. use c. smooth d. touch

a. mix

A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid a. papule b. macule

a. papule

Lesions in the initial stages of development or change. a. primary lesions b. papule

a. primary lesions

The principal functions of the skin are sensation, heat regulation, excretion, absorption, secretion and _____________. a. protection b. nourishment c. support d. rehabilitation

a. protection

The ____ is the clear, transparent layer just under the skin surface. a. stratum lucidum b. stratum granulosum c. stratum corneum d. stratum germinativum

a. stratum lucidum

Ideally, the nutrients our bodies need for proper functioning must come primarily from: a. the foods we eat. b. the water we drink. c. vitamin supplements. d. vitamin-enhanced skin products.

a. the foods we eat.

Congenital leukoderma, or the absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the hair, skin, and eyes a. Leukoderma b. Albinism

b. Albinism

Which of the following is a disorder in which the skin lacks melanin pigment? a. Lentigines b. Albinism c. Chloasma d. Stain

b. Albinism

What does the B in the ABCDE cancer checklist stand for? a. Balance b. Border irregularity c. Bulbous d. Breadth

b. Border irregularity

an inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, that presents many forms of dry or moist lesions a. Psoriasis b. Eczema

b. Eczema

What is the outermost layer of the skin? a. Reticular layer b. Epidermis c. Subcutaneous layer d. Dermis

b. Epidermis

Which of the following does not weaken collagen fibers? a. Frequent changes in weight b. Increased moisture c. Lack of moisture d. Age

b. Increased moisture

Ringworm of the hand is known as: a. Dermatitis b. Tinea manus c. Verruca d. macule

b. Tinea manus

A client makes an appointment with a cosmetologist for beauty services. Which beauty product that the client uses is MOST important for the cosmetologist to know about prior to performing services? a. Over-the-counter nasal spray b. Topical Retin A (prescription strength Vitamin A) cream c. Eye cream with vitamin E and shea butter in it d. Face wash with exfoliating microbeads

b. Topical Retin A (prescription strength Vitamin A) cream

Which kind of medications can penetrate through follicles and layers of skin to deliver drugs into our body? a. Intramuscular b. Transdermal c. Oral d. Sublingual

b. Transdermal

Which vitamins are MOST important to have in your diet if your goal is healing the skin around a large abrasion received in a bicycle accident? a. Vitamins K, D, and A b. Vitamins A, C, D,K, and E c. Vitamins C and the B vitamins d. B vitamins and Vitamin K

b. Vitamins A, C, D,K, and E

A nevus is a __________. a. pimple b. birthmark c. freckle d. liver spot

b. birthmark

an abnormal inflammatory condition of the skin a. eczema b. dermatitis

b. dermatitis

Healthy skin is: a. rigid b. ideally fine grained c. slightly alkaline d. very moist

b. ideally fine grained

As a nail technician, you should understand the underlying structure of the skin, its functions, and _________. a. advanced skin technology b. its basic needs c. advanced infection control d. how to diagnose simple diseases

b. its basic needs

A client with ____ should not be referred to a physician. a. basal cell carcinoma b. nevus c. a verruca d. irregular moles

b. nevus

The skin is a highly efficient barrier that protects the body from injury; bacterial, fungal, and viral invasion; or absorption of harmful substances (chemical- and water-resistant) a. absorption b. protection c. sensation d. absorption

b. protection

Sebum is an oil secreted by the sebaceous glands. This oil lubricates the skin, keeping it soft and pliable. Sebum also helps keep hair soft, shiny, and in good condition. Emotional stress and hormone imbalances can increase the flow of sebum and can sometimes become excessive. a. sensation b. secretion c. excretion d. heat regulation

b. secretion

There are ______ primary functions of the skin. a. ten b. six c. five d. four

b. six

If a product is applied too ______ or too ______, the UV gel may cure improperly. a. thin; wet b. thick; wet c. thick; dry d. thin; dry

b. thick; wet

Cannot be drained of fluid a. vesicle b. tubercle

b. tubercle

An abnormal mass varying in size, shape, and color is a: a. cyst b. tumor

b. tumor

Small blister or sac containing clear fluid. a. lesion b. vesicle

b. vesicle

Which is out of scope for a nail technician in a day spa? a. Providing a hand massage b. Advising a client to see a doctor for complaints of pain under the nail c. Advising a client to use a topical cream for toenail fungus d. Upselling a spa pedicure instead of a standard pedicure

c. Advising a client to use a topical cream for toenail fungus

Which is the BEST way to avoid contact dermatitis? a. By taking an antihistamine before working with polymers or monomers b. By never using UV gels on clients c. By avoiding prolonged or repeated contact with ingredients that you are either allergic to or irritated by d. By never touching brushes with bare fingers

c. By avoiding prolonged or repeated contact with ingredients that you are either allergic to or irritated by

A 28-year-old woman is told by her doctors that she has significant damage to her skin due to harmful UV rays. She also has a history of allergic reaction to environmental pollutants and has been diagnosed multiple times with abnormal skin conditions caused by viruses. Which layer of the epidermis is MOST responsible for these concerns? a. Stratum lucidum b. Stratum germinativum c. Stratum corneum d. Stratum granulosum

c. Stratum corneum

Which vitamin supports the overall health of the skin and aids in the health, function, and repair of skin cells? a. Vitamin E b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin A d. Vitamin C

c. Vitamin A

Excessive intake of alcohol _______________. a. causes the blood vessels to contract b. causes the blood vessels to collapse c. over dilates the blood vessels d. has no effect on the blood vessels

c. over dilates the blood vessels

By stimulating different types of sensory nerve endings, the skin can respond to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain. a. excretion b. heat regulation c. sensation d. protection

c. sensation

It has been estimated that heredity may be responsible for only ___ of the factors that determine how skin ages. a. 5 percent b. 25 percent c. 40 percent d. 15 percent

d. 15 percent

_________ occurs between the skin cells through hair follicles and sebaceous gland openings. a. Secretion b. Sensation c. Regulation d. Absorption

d. Absorption

Which is NOT an oil-soluble vitamin? a. E b. D c. A d. B

d. B

Vitamin ___ promotes the production of collagen in the skin's dermal tissues. a. D b. A c. B d. C

d. C

Which is NOT related to the skin's function of secretion? a. Sebum b. Pliability c. Emotional stress d. Perspiration

d. Perspiration

Which of these terms refers to a greatly increased or exaggerated allergic sensitivity to products? a. Corium b. Excoriation c. Overexposure d. Sensitization

d. Sensitization

A hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum is called: a. a wheal b. acne c. a skin tag d. a comedo

d. a comedo

An ulcer is ____________. a. a skin sore produced by scratching b. a light-colored slightly raised mark on the skin c. a collection of blood trapped under the nail d. an open lesion on the skin

d. an open lesion on the skin

The amount of water needed by an individual varies, depending on _____________ and the level of daily physical activity. a. age b. body height c. overall health d. body weight

d. body weight

The skin protects the body from the environment while helping to maintain a constant internal temperature of about 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. a. protection b. secretion c. excretion d. heat regulation

d. heat regulation

The _________ is the special ingredient in polymer powders that is needed to start the chemical reaction that causes the monomer liquid to harden. a. polymerizer b. sensitizer c. hardener d. initiator

d. initiator

1. Blood supplies ____ to the skin. a. oil and lymph b. oxygen and oil c. nutrients and alkali d. nutrients and oxygen

d. nutrients and oxygen

Allergic reactions are not likely to occur _________. a. between a technician's thumb and pointer finger b. on the nail technician's face c. on the client's fingertips d. on the nail technician's elbows

d. on the nail technician's elbows

A majority of scientists believe that most signs of skin aging under the age of 50 are caused by: a. dehydration b. poor nutrition c. disease d. sun exposure

d. sun exposure