NCELX: Developmental Stages - Infancy to Adolescence

The parent of a 4 yo expresses concern because her hospitalized child has started sucking his thumb. The mother states that this behavior began 2 days after hospital admission. Which is the appropriate nursing response?

"It is best to ignore the behavior."

A nursing student is assigned to care for a hospitalized 2yo. The nursing instructor reviews the plan of care with the student & asks the student to identify the expected behavior of the child in regard to separation anxiety. Which statement by the student indicates an understanding of separation anxiety that can occur in a 2yo?

"The child may ignore the parents when they visit."

The parents of a 4 yo tell the nurse that they are concerned because the child has been masturbating. Which is the appropriate response by the nurse?

"This is a normal behavior at this age."

The mother of a 4 yo who was recently hospitalized brings the child to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The mother tells the nurse that the child has begun to wet the bed & that it started when the child was brought home from the hospital. The mother is concerned & asks the nurse what to do. Which nursing response is appropriate?

"This is a normal occurrence following hospitalization."

A mother of a 3 yo is concerned because the child is still insisting on a bottle at nap time & at bedtime. The nurse should make which suggestion to the mother?

"Allow the bottle if it contains water."

The mother of a toddler tells the nurse that she has a difficult time getting the child to go to bed at night. The nurse should suggest which to the mother?

"Inform the child of bedtime a few minutes before it is time for bed."

The nurse provides instructions to a parent of a toddler experiencing physiological anorexia. The nurse determines the need for further teaching if the parent makes which statement?

"I should feed my child if she will not eat."

The nurse is assessing a 36 mo old during a wellness visit to the pediatrician. The child weighs 43 pounds & is 41 inches tall. After plotting the measurements on the standardized growth charts for a 36 mo old, which should the nurse do next?

Assess the parents' body shape & stature.

According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial developmental theory, the nurse should anticipate an adolescent to be in which stage?

Identity vs. role confusion

The nursing instructor asks a nursing student to describe the formal operations stage of Piaget's cognitive developmental theory. The appropriate response by the nursing student is which?

"The child has the ability to think abstractly."

The mother of a 2 yo asks the nurse if it is all right to give the child a bottle at naptime. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

"You may give the child a bottle if necessary, but if you do, it should contain water."

During a well-child visit a mother states she is frustrated with her 2 yo. Whenever she asks him if he wants something to eat, he says, "No," but then he starts to cry when she does not give him the food. Which statement by the nurse would indicate an understanding of psychosocial concepts related to growth & development of the toddler?

"Your toddler is asserting his independence as he is progressing through the stage of autonomy versus shame & doubt."

Which are components of Kohlberg's theory of moral development? Select all that apply.

- Moral development progresses in relation to cognitive development. - A person's ability to make moral judgments develops over a period of time. - The theory provides a framework for understanding how individuals determine a moral code to guide their behavior. - In stage 2 (instrumental relativist orientation), the child conforms to rules to obtain rewards or to have favors returned.

Which interventions are appropriate for the care of an infant? Select all that apply.

- Provide swaddling - Hang mobiles with black-&-white contrast designs. - Caress the infant while bathing or during diaper changes.

Which toy is age-appropriate for a 1 mo old?

Nursery mobile

During a routine well-child checkup for a 2½ yo, the nurse plans to teach the mother proper nutrition & weight gain expectations for her child. The nurse reviews the chart & finds that the toddler's birth weight was 7 pounds 15 ounces. The nurse expects that the child should weigh approximately how much at this time?

31 pounds 12 ounces

A pediatric nurse is caring for a hospitalized toddler. The nurse determines that which play activity would be appropriate for the toddler?

Playing with a push-pull toy

The nurse is admitting a 10 mo old who is being hospitalized for a respiratory infection. The nurse develops a plan of care for the infant and includes which intervention?

Providing a consistent routine such as touching, rocking, & cuddling throughout the hospitalization

The parents of a 2 yo arrive at the hospital to visit their child. The child is in the play room & ignores the parents during the visit. The nurse tells the parents that this behavior in a 2 yo indicates which?

The child is exhibiting a normal pattern

A young adult college student begins to throw objects, shout insults, & stamp his feet after an instructor returned his work, noting it was substandard. Using Erikson's theory of personality development, which developmental stage has this individual unsuccessfully mastered?

Autonomy vs. shame & doubt

The nurse in the pediatric unit is admitting a 2 yo. The nurse plans care, knowing that the child is in which stage of Erikson's psychosocial stage of development?

Autonomy vs. shame & doubt

A 4 yo diagnosed with leukemia is hospitalized for chemotherapy. The child is fearful of the hospitalization. Which nursing intervention should the nurse suggest to alleviate the child's fears?

Encourage the child's parents to stay with the child.

A 4 yo is reluctant to take deep breaths following abdominal surgery. Which measure would be effective to encourage deep breathing?

Have the child pretend to be a big bad wolf blowing the little pig's house down.

The nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a 2 yo. Which should the nurse expect to observe in this child?

Holds a cup in one hand

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, at the pre-conventional level, moral development is thought to be motivated by which factor?

Punishment & reward

The nurse caring for an adolescent client recently diagnosed with bone cancer is monitoring the client for depression. To best recognize these symptoms in the adolescent, which characteristic should the nurse recall about adolescents?

Adolescents like to stay up late but rarely have insomnia

A 16 yois admitted to the hospital for acute appendicitis, & an appendectomy is performed. Which intervention is most appropriate to facilitate normal growth & development?

Allow the child to participate in activities with other individuals in the same age group when the condition permits.

The parents of a 16 yo tell the nurse that they are concerned because the child sleeps until noon every weekend. Which is the most appropriate nursing response?

"Adolescents love to sleep late in the morning."

The nurse prepares to take a BP on a school-age child. Where should the nurse place the blood pressure cuff to obtain an accurate measurement?

2/3 the distance between the antecubital fossa & the shoulder

When caring for a 3 yo, the nurse should provide which toy for the child?

A wagon

Which car safety device should be used for a child who is 8 yo & is 4 feet tall?

Booster seat

Which describes Lawrence Kohlberg's first level of moral development?

Children determine the goodness or badness of an action in terms of the consequences.

The nurse is assessing the pain in a 3 yo after an appendectomy. Which pain scale should the nurse use?

FACES pain rating scale

Which developmental stage is Jean Piaget's 1st stage of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor

The parent of a 3 yo tells the nurse that the child is constantly rebelling & having temper tantrums. Which instruction should the nurse reinforce to the parent?

Set limits on the child's behavior

A client with sickle cell anemia has vaso-occlusive pain. After noting that the client is of preschool age, the nurse plans to use which method to determine the adequacy of pain control?

Ask the client to point to faces (smiling to very sad) that best describe the pain.

The nurse is caring for a 5 yo who has been placed in traction after a fracture of the femur. Which is the most appropriate activity for this child?

A puzzle

A mother of a 5 yo tells the nurse that the child scolds the floor or table if the child hurts herself on the object. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which behavior is this known as?

Animism

The nurse is caring for a 6 mo old. Which developmental ability should the nurse expect to note in this infant?

Babbles using single consonants

The nurse is performing a safety assessment in the home of a mother with 2 children. The ages of the children are 1 & 3 yrs. Which observation noted during the assessment would present the greatest hazard to the children?

Toys with small loose parts in the playroom

The nurse has reinforced information to the mother of a toddler regarding toilet training. Which statement by the mother would indicate a need for further teaching?

"I should have my child sit on the potty until my child urinates."

Which statement by a nursing student about Kohlberg's theory of moral development indicates the need for further teaching about the theory?

"Individuals move through all 6 stages in a sequential fashion."

The parents of an 8 yo tell the nurse that they are concerned about the child because the child seems to be more attentive to friends than anyone else. Which is the appropriate nursing response?

"At this age, the child is developing his or her own personality."

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to a 16 yo male adolescent regarding dietary patterns. The nurse instructs the adolescent about the recommended amount of daily calories. How many calories a day does the nurse recommend as the approximate daily caloric allowance for a male adolescent?

2200

A LPN is assisting a high school nurse in conducting a session with female adolescents regarding the menstrual cycle. The LPN tells the adolescents that the normal duration of the menstrual cycle is about how many days?

28 days

During a well-child checkup for a 4 mo old, the nurse reinforces instructing the mother how to introduce solid foods into her child's diet. Which statement indicates the mother needs further teaching?

"I will start giving home-prepared orange juice when my child is 3 mos old."

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to the mother of a 2yo regarding dental care. Which statement by the mother indicates the need for further teaching?

"Proper dental care is not necessary for toddlers until their permanent teeth erupt."

The nurse provides information to the mother of a toddler regarding toilet-training. The nurse should tell the mother what information? Select all that apply.

- "The child should not be forced to sit on the potty for long periods." - "The ability of the child to remove clothing is a sign of physical readiness." - "Waiting until the child is 24-30 mos old makes the task considerably easier." - "At the age of 24-30 mos old, the toddler is usually less negative & more willing to control their sphincters to please their parents."

A 6 yo is hospitalized with a fracture of the femur & is placed in traction. In meeting the psychosocial needs of the child, the nurse most appropriately selects which play activity for the child?

A board game

The nurse is providing instructions to a new parent regarding the psychosocial development of the infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, which instruction should the nurse reinforce to the parents?

Allow the infant to signal a need

The nurse employed in a well-baby clinic is collecting data on the language & communication developmental milestones of a 4 mo old. Based on the age of the infant, the nurse expects to note which highest level of developmental milestones?

Babbling sounds

The nursing student is preparing a conference on Freud's psychosexual stages of development, specifically the anal stage. Which appropriately relates to this stage?

Beginning of toilet training

According to Sigmund Freud's theory of personality development, which statement best describes the phallic stage?

Children recognize differences between males & females.

According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial developmental theory, the nurse should anticipate a 5 yoto be in which stage?

Initiative vs. guilt

The nurse is caring for a 14 yo boy who is hospitalized & placed in Crutchfield traction. The child is having difficulty adjusting to the length of the hospital confinement. Which nursing action would be appropriate to meet the child's needs?

Let the child wear his own clothing when friends visit.

When reinforcing appropriate developmental skills interventions for a 1 yo who was born 2 mos premature, the nurse should plan to encourage the parents to support the child to achieve which developmentally appropriate goal?

Sit independently

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized 5 yo. The nurse should recognize that which is normal for this child in this developmental stage?

The child demonstrates egocentrism

The nurse is collecting data regarding the motor development of a 24 mo old. Based on the age of the child, the nurse expects to note which highest level of developmental milestone?

The child uses a doorknob to open a door

The nurse is employed in a NB nursery. The nurse is aware that medication toxicity is more likely to occur in the neonate than in an adult because of which physiologic difference?

The liver is immature